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| WoS | SCOPUS | Document Type | Document Title | Abstract | Authors | Affiliation | ResearcherID (WoS) | AuthorsID (SCOPUS) | Author Email(s) | Journal Name | JCR Abbreviation | ISSN | eISSN | Volume | Issue | WoS Edition | WoS Category | JCR Year | IF | JCR (%) | FWCI | FWCI Update Date | WoS Citation | SCOPUS Citation | Keywords (WoS) | KeywordsPlus (WoS) | Keywords (SCOPUS) | KeywordsPlus (SCOPUS) | Language | Publication Stage | Publication Year | Publication Date | DOI | JCR Link | DOI Link | WOS Link | SCOPUS Link |
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| ○ | ○ | Article | Effects of Accelerators and Retarders in Early Strength Development of Concrete Based on Low-Temperature-Cured Ordinary Portland and Calcium Sulfoaluminate Cement Blends | In this study, experiments were performed on the applicability of mortars and concretes based on calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) binders to facilitate the early strength development of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) under low-temperature conditions. An optimum mixture of CSA was evaluated to improve the early strength of OPC, and the effects of accelerators and retarders on this mixture were examined to demonstrate the applicability of the resulting concrete mixture. Furthermore, mixture applicability was validated by producing concrete at the Remicon Batcher plant and performing numerical simulations. As observed, the optimum CSA substitution rate for the realization of early strength was 17% of the total unit binder amount with CaO/SO3 and SO3/Al2O3 ratios of 1.9 and 1.25, respectively. Evidently, CSA in combination with Na2SO4 as an accelerator promoted the early strength of concrete with OPC and secured its constructability using additional retarders to control the quick setting of concrete. Additionally, the activation of initial hydration at low temperatures yielded a compressive strength of 5 MPa/12 h or higher for the resulting concrete mixture. | Lee, Taegyu; Lee, Jaehyun; Choi, Hyeonggil | Daelim Ind, Technol Res & Dev Inst, Seoul 03152, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Architecture, Daegu 4566, South Korea | ; Lee, Jaehyun/ABB-9148-2020 | 7501437272; 57211397021; 56430165800 | ninga777@naver.com;archi0528@daum.net;hgchoi@knu.ac.kr; | MATERIALS | MATERIALS | 1996-1944 | 13 | 7 | SCIE | CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL;MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING;PHYSICS, APPLIED;PHYSICS, CONDENSED MATTER | 2020 | 3.623 | 20.6 | 0.92 | 2025-06-25 | 17 | 20 | low-temperature condition; ordinary Portland cement; CSA; accelerator; retarder; early strength | HYDRATION; EVOLUTION | Accelerator; CSA; Early strength; Low-temperature condition; Ordinary Portland cement; Retarder | Binders; Calcium oxide; Compressive strength; Mixtures; Particle accelerators; Portland cement; Sodium sulfate; Temperature; Calcium sulfoaluminate cement; Early strength; Low temperature conditions; Low temperatures; Optimum mixtures; Ordinary Portland cement; Retarder; Substitution rates; Concrete mixtures | English | 2020 | 2020-04 | 10.3390/ma13071505 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Electromagnetic Shielding Performance of Carbon Black Mixed Concrete with Zn-Al Metal Thermal Spray Coating | The electromagnetic pulse (EMP) is a destructive phenomenon which harms the building, telecommunication, and IT based infrastructure. Thus, it is required to reduce the effect of EMP using shielding materials. In the present study, we have used different thickness of concrete walls by incorporating 1 and 5 wt% of carbon black, as well as 100 mu m thick Zn-Al coating using the arc thermal metal spraying method (ATMSM). The EMP was evaluated using waveguide measurement fixture for shielding performance of the concrete wall in the range of 0.85 to 1 GHz frequency. The results reveal that the maximum value, i.e., 41.60 dB is shown by the 5-300-N specimen before application of Zn-Al coating where the thickness of concrete wall was 300 mm and 5% carbon black. However, once the 100 mu m thick Zn-Al coating was applied on concrete specimen, this value was increased up to 89.75 dB. The increase in shielding values around 48 dB after using the Zn-Al coating is attributed to the reflection loss of the metal thermal spray coating. Thus, the Zn-Al coating can be used for EMP application instead of metallic plate. | Lee, Han-Seung; Park, Jin-ho; Singh, Jitendra Kumar; Choi, Hyun-Jun; Mandal, Soumen; Jang, Jong-Min; Yang, Hyun-Min | Hanyang Univ, Dept Architectural Engn, 1271 Sa 3 Dong, Ansan 15588, South Korea; Dept Living & Build Environm Res, Goyang Si 10223, Gyeonggi Do, South Korea; Hanyang Univ, Dept Architectural Engn, Innovat Durable Bldg & Infrastruct Res Ctr, 1271 Sa3 Dong, Ansan 15588, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Intelligent Construct Automat Ctr, 80 Daehak Ro, Daegu 41566, South Korea | Lee, Han-Seung/E-9087-2013; Mandal, Soumen/AAB-3917-2021; Singh, Jitendra/AAU-6579-2021; Lee, HanSeung/E-9087-2013 | 57956643400; 57191332790; 57197846307; 57203680444; 57214752240; 57215770657; 56097115000 | ercleehs@hanyang.ac.kr;jinho9422@naver.com;jk200386@hanyang.ac.kr;guswns5026@naver.com;sou.chm@gmail.com;jangjm@hanyang.ac.kr;yhm04@hanyang.ac.kr; | MATERIALS | MATERIALS | 1996-1944 | 13 | 4 | SCIE | CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL;MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING;PHYSICS, APPLIED;PHYSICS, CONDENSED MATTER | 2020 | 3.623 | 20.6 | 1.28 | 2025-06-25 | 25 | 24 | electromagnetic pulse; shielding effect; concrete; arc thermal spray; carbon black; aluminum; zinc | COLLOIDAL GRAPHITE; CEMENT COMPOSITES; CORROSION; DB | Aluminum; Arc thermal spray; Carbon black; Concrete; Electromagnetic pulse; Shielding effect; Zinc | Aluminum; Aluminum alloys; Aluminum coatings; Binary alloys; Carbon black; Concretes; Electromagnetic pulse; Metals; Shielding; Sprayed coatings; Thermal spraying; Walls (structural partitions); Zinc; Zinc alloys; Concrete specimens; Different thickness; Reflection loss; Shielding effect; Shielding materials; Shielding performance; Thermal spray coatings; Waveguide measurements; Electromagnetic shielding | English | 2020 | 2020-02-02 | 10.3390/ma13040895 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Evaluation of Mechanical and Shrinkage Behavior of Lowered Temperatures Cementitious Mortars Mixed with Nitrite-Nitrate Based Accelerator | Recently, calcium nitrite (Ca(NO2)(2)) and calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)(2)) have been increasingly used as the main components of salt- and alkali-free anti-freezing agents, for promoting concrete hydration in cold-weather concreting. With an increase in the amount of nitrite-based accelerator, the hydration of C(3)A, C3S, and beta C2S in the cement is accelerated, thereby improving its early strength and effectively preventing the initial frost damage. Meanwhile, with an increase in the amount of nitrite-based accelerator, the expansion and shrinkage of the concrete-and, therefore, the crack occurrence-are expected to increase. In this study, various experiments were conducted on shrinkage, crack initiation, and the development of mortar containing a considerable amount of a nitrite-based accelerator. The result confirmed that, as the amount of nitrite-based accelerator was increased, the shrinkage was increased, and cracking in early age was more likely to occur, compared to the cases without the addition of this accelerator. | Tomita, Yusuke; Yoneyama, Akira; Choi, Heesup; Inoue, Masumi; Kim, Jihoon; Choi, Hyeonggil; Sudoh, Yuhji | Kitami Inst Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Kitami, Hokkaido 0908507, Japan; Muroran Inst Technol, Fac Environm Technol, Muroran, Hokkaido 0908585, Japan; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Architecture Civil Environm & Energy Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Nissan Chem Corp, Basic Chem Dept, Chem Div, Tokyo 1036119, Japan | 57218829506; 57210914769; 56430170700; 36620295400; 57865640200; 56430165800; 56416278600 | m2052200130@std.kitami-it.ac.jp;m1952200234@std.kitami-it.ac.jp;hs-choi@mail.kitami-it.ac.jp;m-inoue@mail.kitami-it.ac.jp;bmjhun@mmm.muroran-it.ac.jp;hgchoi@knu.ac.kr;sudouyuuji@nissanchem.co.jp; | MATERIALS | MATERIALS | 1996-1944 | 13 | 17 | SCIE | CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL;MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING;PHYSICS, APPLIED;PHYSICS, CONDENSED MATTER | 2020 | 3.623 | 20.6 | 0.5 | 2025-06-25 | 10 | 11 | frost-resistant accelerator; calcium nitrite; calcium nitrate; cracking; strength; pore volume; shrinkage; crack potential; degree of restraint | Calcium nitrate; Calcium nitrite; Crack potential; Cracking; Degree of restraint; Frost-resistant accelerator; Pore volume; Shrinkage; Strength | Acceleration; Calcium compounds; Concretes; Cracks; Hydration; Mortar; Nitrates; Anti-freezing; Calcium nitrate; Cementitious mortars; Concrete hydration; Crack occurrences; Early strength; Expansion and shrinkage; Shrinkage behavior; Shrinkage | English | 2020 | 2020-09 | 10.3390/ma13173686 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Evaluation of Strength Development in Concrete with Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag Using Apparent Activation Energy | Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) conventionally has been incorporated with ordinary Portland cement (OPC) owing to reduce the environmental load and enhance the engineering performance. Concrete with GGBFS shows different strength development of normal concrete, but sensitive, to exterior condition. Thus, a precise strength evaluation technique based on a quantitative model like full maturity model is required. Many studies have been performed on strength development of the concrete using equivalent age which is based on the apparent activation energy. In this process, it considers the effect of time and temperature simultaneously. However, the previous models on the apparent activation energy of concrete with mineral admixtures have limitation, and they have not considered the effect of temperature on strength development. In this paper, the apparent activation energy with GGBFS replacement ratio was calculated through several experiments and used to predict the compressive strength of GGBFS concrete. Concrete and mortar specimens with 0.6 water/binder ratio, and 0 to 60% GGBFS replacement were prepared. The apparent activation energy (E-a) was experimentally derived considering three different curing temperatures. Thermodynamic reactivity of GGBFS mixed concrete at different curing temperature was applied to evaluate the compressive strength model, and the experimental results were in good agreement with the model. The results show that when GGBFS replacement ratio was increased, there was a delay in compressive strength. | Yang, Hyun-Min; Kwon, Seung-Jun; Myung, Nosang Vincent; Singh, Jitendra Kumar; Lee, Han-Seung; Mandal, Soumen | Hanyang Univ, Dept Architectural Engn, Innovat Durable Bldg & Infrastruct Res Ctr, 1271 Sa 3 Dong, Ansan 15588, South Korea; Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA; Hannam Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Daejeon 34430, South Korea; Hanyang Univ, Dept Architectural Engn, 1271 Sa 3 Dong, Ansan 15588, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Intelligent Construct Automat Ctr, 80 Daehak Ro, Daegu 41566, South Korea | Myung, Nosang/IYT-3534-2023; Mandal, Soumen/AAB-3917-2021; Singh, Jitendra/AAU-6579-2021; Lee, Han-Seung/E-9087-2013 | 56097115000; 13103451200; 7004968761; 57197846307; 57956643400; 57214752240 | yhm04@hanyang.ac.kr;jjuni98@hannam.ac.kr;myung@engr.ucr.edu;jk200386@hanyang.ac.kr;ercleehs@hanyang.ac.kr;sou.chm@gmail.com; | MATERIALS | MATERIALS | 1996-1944 | 13 | 2 | SCIE | CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL;MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING;PHYSICS, APPLIED;PHYSICS, CONDENSED MATTER | 2020 | 3.623 | 20.6 | 1.63 | 2025-06-25 | 22 | 28 | compressive strength; concrete; ground granulated blast furnace slag; apparent activation energy; equivalent age | CEMENT HYDRATION; EARLY-AGE; MATURITY METHOD; TEMPERATURE; MORTARS; REPLACEMENT | Apparent activation energy; Compressive strength; Concrete; Equivalent age; Ground granulated blast furnace slag | Blast furnaces; Compressive strength; Concrete additives; Concrete mixtures; Concretes; Curing; Portland cement; Slags; Temperature; Apparent activation energy; Effect of temperature; Engineering performance; Equivalent age; Ground granulated blast furnace slag; Ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS); Ordinary Portland cement; Quantitative modeling; Activation energy | English | 2020 | 2020-01-02 | 10.3390/ma13020442 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Ex-Vivo Comparison of Torsional Stress on Nickel-Titanium Instruments Activated by Continuous Rotation or Adaptive Motion | This study aimed to evaluate the effect of adaptive motion applied to conventional nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments on torsional stress generation during shaping procedure. One hundred and twenty mesio-buccal canals of molars were randomly assigned to two groups according to the kinetics; adaptive motion (AD) and continuous rotation (CR). Each group was divided into four subgroups (n = 15) according to the NiTi instrument systems: HyFlex EDM, One Curve, Twisted File Adaptive, and ProTaper Next. A glide path was established with PathFile #1, for each file group being used with either of the kinetic movements. During the instrumentation with the designated motion and file system, the generated torque was measured via the control unit and acquisition module. Based on the acquired data, the maximum and total torque were calculated. The data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests at a significance level of 95%. The maximum and total torque generated by all instruments were significantly reduced by the adaptive motion (p < 0.05). In the CR group, HyFlex EDM generated the highest maximum and total stress. In the AD group, HyFlex EDM showed the highest maximum torsional stress, and One Curve showed the highest total torsional stress (p < 0.05). The TF Adaptive instrument with adaptive movement produced the lowest maximum and total torsional stress (p < 0.05). Under the conditions of this study, the use of adaptive motion would be useful to reduce the torsional stress of instrument and root dentin. The reduction of torsional stress through adaptive motion may enhance the durability of instruments and reduce the potential risk of dentinal cracks. | Lee, Joo Yeong; Kwak, Sang Won; Ha, Jung-Hong; Kim, Hyeon-Cheol | Pusan Natl Univ, Dent Res Inst, Sch Dent, Dept Conservat Dent, Yangsan 50612, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Dent, Dept Conservat Dent, Daegu 41940, South Korea | Kim, Hyeon/AAQ-9057-2021 | 57205604979; 54787794900; 55549831900; 35746710200 | ljy8829@nate.com;endokwak@pusan.ac.kr;endoking@knu.ac.kr;golddent@pusan.ac.kr; | MATERIALS | MATERIALS | 1996-1944 | 13 | 8 | SCIE | CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL;MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING;PHYSICS, APPLIED;PHYSICS, CONDENSED MATTER | 2020 | 3.623 | 20.6 | 0.66 | 2025-06-25 | 12 | 18 | adaptive motion; continuous rotation; torque generation; torsional stress; kinetics | ROOT-CANAL PREPARATION; ENDODONTIC TREATMENT; ROTARY INSTRUMENTS; CYCLIC FATIGUE; FILES; TORQUE; GENERATION; HAND | Adaptive motion; Continuous rotation; Kinetics; Torque generation; Torsional stress | Binary alloys; Nickel; Titanium; Titanium alloys; Acquisition modules; Adaptive motion; Adaptive movements; Continuous rotation; Instrument systems; Kinetic movement; Significance levels; Stress generation; Torsional stress | English | 2020 | 2020-04 | 10.3390/ma13081900 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Flexural Behavior of a Precast Concrete Deck Connected with Headed GFRP Rebars and UHPC | Steel bent reinforcing bars (rebars) are widely used to provide adequate anchorage. Bent fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) rebars are rarely used because of the difficulty faced during the bending process of the FRP rebars at the construction site. Additionally, the bending process may cause a significant decrease in the structural performance of the FRP rebars. Therefore, to overcome these drawbacks, a headed glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) rebar was developed in this study. The pull-out tests of the headed GFRP rebars with diameters of 16 and 19 mm were conducted to evaluate their bond properties in various cementitious materials. Moreover, structural flexural tests were conducted on seven precast concrete decks connected with the headed GFRP rebars and various cementitious fillers to estimate the flexural behavior of the connected decks. The results demonstrate that the concrete decks connected with the headed GFRP rebar and ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) exhibited improved flexural performance. | Chin, Won Jong; Park, Young Hwan; Cho, Jeong-Rae; Lee, Jin-Young; Yoon, Young-Soo | Korea Univ, Sch Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Seoul 02841, South Korea; Korea Inst Civil Engn & Bldg Technol, Dept Infrastruct Safety Res, Goyang 10223, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Agr Civil & Bioind Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea | ; Yoon, Young Soo/LYO-5503-2024 | 23484628000; 57203425420; 11240470400; 57203144661; 7402126768 | wjchin@kict.re.kr;yhpark@kict.re.kr;chojr@kict.re.kr;jinyounglee@knu.ac.kr;ysyoon@korea.ac.kr; | MATERIALS | MATERIALS | 1996-1944 | 13 | 3 | SCIE | CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL;MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING;PHYSICS, APPLIED;PHYSICS, CONDENSED MATTER | 2020 | 3.623 | 20.6 | 0.44 | 2025-06-25 | 12 | 12 | glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) rebar; ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC); concrete headed GFRP rebar; bond strength; development length; flexural strength; precast concrete deck | BOND STRENGTH | Bond strength; Concrete headed GFRP rebar; Development length; Flexural strength; Glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) rebar; Precast concrete deck; Ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) | Bending strength; Bond strength (materials); Fiber reinforced concrete; Fiber reinforced plastics; Glass fibers; Pile driving; Polymer concrete; Precast concrete; Reinforcement; Cementitious materials; Construction sites; Development length; Flexural performance; Glass fiber reinforced polymer; Precast concrete deck; Structural performance; Ultra high performance concretes (UHPC); Ultra-high performance concrete | English | 2020 | 2020-02-01 | 10.3390/ma13030604 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||
| ○ | ○ | Article | In Vitro Evaluation of Lignin-Containing Nanocellulose | The increasing importance of environmental sustainability has led to the development of new materials that are environmentally friendly, functional, and cost-effective. Lignin-containing cellulose nanomaterials are a common example of these. The advantages of lignocelluloses include their renewability, sustainability, and functionality combined with molecular rigidity and enhanced hydrophobicity. In order to valorize these beneficial traits from lignin-containing nanocellulose, various approaches have been examined in industrial applications. However, the safety of these materials has not been tested or validated in humans. In this study, we tested 21 wt% lignin-containing nanocellulose (L-MFC) in vitro using the human lung and kidney cell lines, H460 and HEK293 cells, respectively. The cytotoxicity of cellulose, L-MFC, and lignin was compared using the water-soluble tetrazolium salt assays. In addition, the gene expressions ofHSP70andHSP90as cellular stress markers treated with cellulose, L-MFC, and lignin were quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blotting. Our data indicated little cytotoxicity for cellulose and significant cytotoxicity for lignin and a relatively low level of cytotoxicity for L-MFC, providing the lethal median concentration (LC50) values of L-MFC and lignin. The gene expression ofHSP70andHSP90was little affected by moderate concentrations of L-MFC. Interestingly, the lignin contained in L-MFC influenced the cell viability and the gene expression ofHSP70andHSP90less than the same amount of lignin alone. These results indicate that L-MFC displays cell-type-dependent sensitivity and suggest that L-MFC could serve as a new eco-friendly material that is relatively safe for humans. | Kim, Donguk; Jeong, Jaehyeon; Ryu, Ji-Ae; Choi, Sa Rang; Lee, Jung Myoung; Bunch, Heeyoun | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Appl Biosci, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Technol, Daegu 41566, South Korea | ; Bunch, Heeyoun/JAX-3215-2023; Lee, Jung Myoung/LMP-9694-2024 | 58732007900; 57218602696; 57195239379; 57208283768; 16197909600; 56336812200 | ehddnr5000@naver.com;jhjeong977@gmail.com;air5030@naver.com;luvvchoi@naver.com;jmylee@knu.ac.kr;heeyounbunch@gmail.com; | MATERIALS | MATERIALS | 1996-1944 | 13 | 15 | SCIE | CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL;MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING;PHYSICS, APPLIED;PHYSICS, CONDENSED MATTER | 2020 | 3.623 | 20.6 | 0.57 | 2025-06-25 | 11 | 13 | lignocellulose; lignin-containing nanocellulose; cytotoxicity; HSP70 expression; green material | NANOFIBERS; TOXICITY; FIBRILS; WOOD | Cytotoxicity;HSP70 expression; Greenmaterial; Lignin-containing nanocellulose; Lignocellulose | Cells; Cellulose; Chains; Cost Effectiveness; Evaluation; Materials; Water Repellence; Cell culture; Cellulose; Cellulose nanocrystals; Cost effectiveness; Cytotoxicity; Gene expression; Nanocellulose; Polymerase chain reaction; Sustainable development; Cell viability; Cellular stress; Eco-friendly materials; Environmental sustainability; In-vitro evaluation; Median concentration; Moderate concentration; Real time polymerase chain reactions; Lignin | English | 2020 | 2020-08 | 10.3390/ma13153365 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Influence of Restrained Condition on Mechanical Properties, Frost Resistance, and Carbonation Resistance of Expansive Concrete | This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation of the effect of the restrained condition on the mechanical properties, frost resistance, and carbonation resistance of expansive concrete with different water-binder ratios. In this study, length change ratio test, expansion strain test, compressive strength test, mercury intrusion porosimetry test, underwater weighing test, freezing-thawing test, and accelerated carbonation test were performed to evaluate the mechanical properties, pore size distribution, total porosity, and durability of expansive concrete under both restrained and unrestrained conditions. The test results indicate that the length change ratio and expansion strain of the expansive concrete were controlled by the restrained condition. The compressive strength of expansive concrete was enhanced by the triaxial restraining when the amount of expansive additive was 40 kg/m(3) of concrete. Two hypotheses were described to explain the change of pore structure change expansive mortar. The results also indicate that the carbonation resistance and frost resistance were improved by the uniaxial restrained condition. Furthermore, the effect of the restrained condition must be considered to evaluate not only the experimental results of the expansive concrete with a high EX replacement level but also the expansive concrete combining other cement replacement materials. | Nguyen Duc Van; Kuroiwa, Emika; Kim, Jihoon; Choi, Hyeonggil; Hama, Yukio | Muroran Inst Technol, Div Engn, Muroran, Hokkaido 0508585, Japan; Muroran Inst Technol, Course Architecture & Bldg Engn, Muroran, Hokkaido 0508585, Japan; Muroran Inst Technol, Coll Environm Technol, Muroran, Hokkaido 0508585, Japan; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Architecture, Daegu 41566, South Korea | Hama, Yukio/AAR-5051-2020; NGUYEN, DUC VAN/JHT-5894-2023 | 57211384945; 57216948381; 57865640200; 56430165800; 35770704900 | 18096012@mmm.muroran-it.ac.jp;20041026@mmm.muroran-it.ac.jp;bmjhun@mmm.muroran-it.ac.jp;hgchoi@knu.ac.kr;hama@mmm.muroran-it.ac.jp; | MATERIALS | MATERIALS | 1996-1944 | 13 | 9 | SCIE | CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL;MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING;PHYSICS, APPLIED;PHYSICS, CONDENSED MATTER | 2020 | 3.623 | 20.6 | 0.64 | 2025-06-25 | 14 | 13 | expansive concrete; restrained condition; expansion strain; pore structure; frost resistance; carbonation resistance | COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH; POROSITY | Carbonation resistance; Expansion strain; Expansive concrete; Frost resistance; Pore structure; Restrained condition | Carbonation; Compressive strength; Durability; Expansion; Expansive concrete; Frost resistance; Pore size; Pore structure; Strain; Accelerated carbonation; Carbonation resistance; Cement replacement materials; Expansive additives; Experimental investigations; Mercury intrusion porosimetry tests; Restrained conditions; Underwater weighing; Concrete testing | English | 2020 | 2020-05 | 10.3390/ma13092136 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Influence of Sandblasting Particle Size and Pressure on Resin Bonding Durability to Zirconia: A Residual Stress Study | The influence of residual stress induced by sandblasting the zirconia ceramic surface on the resin bonding to the ceramic is still unclear. The effect of four different sandblasting conditions (with 50 and 110 mu m alumina at pressures of 0.2 and 0.4 MPa) on the bonding of adhesive resin cement (Panavia F 2.0) to zirconia (Cercon(R) ht) was investigated in terms of residual stress. The surface roughness and water contact angle of the zirconia surfaces were measured. The tetragonal-to-monoclinic (t-m) phase transformation and residual stresses (sin(2)psi method) were studied by X-ray diffraction. The resin-bonded zirconia specimens were subjected to shear bond strength (SBS) tests before and after thermocycling (10,000 and 30,000 cycles) (n = 10). As the particle size and pressure increased, the roughness gradually and significantly increased (p = 0.023). However, there were no significant differences in roughness-corrected contact angle among all the sandblasted groups (p > 0.05). As the particle size and pressure increased, the m-phase/(t-phase + m-phase) ratios and compressive residual stresses gradually increased. After thermocycling, there were no significant differences in SBS among the sandblasted zirconia groups (p > 0.05). In conclusion, increased surface roughness and residual stress do not directly affect the resin bonding durability. | Kwon, Sung-Min; Min, Bong Ki; Kim, Young Kyung; Kwon, Tae-Yub | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Grad Sch, Dept Med & Biol Engn, 2177 Dalgubeol Daero, Daegu 41940, South Korea; Yeungnam Univ, Ctr Res Facil, 280 Daehak Ro, Gyongsan 38541, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Dent, Dept Conservat Dent, 2177 Dalgubeol Daero, Daegu 41940, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Dent, Dept Dent Biomat, 2177 Dalgubeol Daero, Daegu 41940, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Inst Biomat Res & Dev, 2177 Dalgubeol Daero, Daegu 41940, South Korea | 56949626400; 57211058922; 56017868900; 7202206084 | sungmin@knu.ac.kr;bkmin@ynu.ac.kr;wisekim@knu.ac.kr;tykwon@knu.ac.kr; | MATERIALS | MATERIALS | 1996-1944 | 13 | 24 | SCIE | CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL;MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING;PHYSICS, APPLIED;PHYSICS, CONDENSED MATTER | 2020 | 3.623 | 20.6 | 1.04 | 2025-06-25 | 25 | 29 | zirconia; sandblasting; resin bonding; residual stress | SURFACE TREATMENTS; PHASE-TRANSFORMATION; STRENGTH | Residual stress; Resin bonding; Sandblasting; Zirconia | Adhesives; Alumina; Aluminum oxide; Contact angle; Durability; Particle size; Residual stresses; Resins; Thermal cycling; Zirconia; Adhesive resin cements; Compressive residual stress; Resin bondings; Shear bond strengths; T-phase; Water contact angle; Zirconia ceramic; Surface roughness | English | 2020 | 2020-12 | 10.3390/ma13245629 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | |||
| ○ | ○ | Article; Proceedings Paper | Non-destructive discrimination of sesame oils via hyperspectral image analysis | Sesame oil is produced from cheap imported raw materials, but its quality differs depending on the imported form. The purpose of this study was to determine the quality characteristics of sesame oil through hyperspectral image (HSI) analysis. The following types of sesame oil samples were used in this study: sesame oil WS (WS1, WS2) prepared using imported whole-sesame seeds, sesame oil SP (SP1, SP2) prepared using only imported sesame powder and sesame oil WSP (WSP1, WSP2) prepared by mixing imported sesame powder with whole-sesame seeds. The principal component analysis revealed that WS and SP or WS and WSP had different principal components. As a result of partial least squares-discriminant analysis, WS and WSP had an average R-2 of 0.9289 in a training model, and prediction R-2 was the highest at 0.8333 in a test model. The developed model was affected by C-H stretch second overtones for fatty acids and C-H and O-H bonds corresponding to phenolic absorbance. The average R-2 of partial least squares regression developed owing to fatty acid and phenolic compound content was the highest. Therefore, it was possible to analyze the quality characteristics of sesame oil according to the form of raw material using hyperspectral image. | Choi, Ji-Young; Moon, Kwang-Deog | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Food Biotechnol, Daegu 41566, South Korea | 57219113098; 55999192900 | chjiyeng91@naver.com;kdmoon@knu.ac.kr; | JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS | J FOOD COMPOS ANAL | 0889-1575 | 1096-0481 | 90 | SCIE | CHEMISTRY, APPLIED;FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY | 2020 | 4.556 | 20.6 | 0.89 | 2025-06-25 | 20 | 21 | Hyperspectral imaging; imported raw material; sesame powder; sesame oil; discriminative analysis | OLIVE OIL; QUALITY EVALUATION; NIR SPECTROSCOPY; RAPID DETECTION; ADULTERATION; OXIDATION; ACIDITY | discriminative analysis; Hyperspectral imaging; imported raw material; sesame oil; sesame powder | English | 2020 | 2020-07 | 10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103505 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Performance Evaluation of Cementless Composites with Alkali-Sulfate Activator for Field Application | This study analyzed the performance evaluation of alkali-activated composites (AAC) with an alkali-sulfate activator and determined the expected effects of applying AACs to actual sites. Results revealed that when the binder weight was increased by 100 kg/m(3) at 7 days of age, the homogel strength of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and AAC increased by 0.9 and 5.0 MPa, respectively. According to the analysis of the matrix microstructures at 7 days of age, calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H, Ca1.5SiO3.5 center dot H2O) and ettringite (Ca6Al2(SO4)(3)(OH)(12)center dot 26H(2)O) were formed in AAC, which are similar hydration products as found in OPC. Furthermore, the acid resistance analysis showed that the mass change of AAC in HCl and H2SO4 solutions ranged from 36.1% to 88.0%, lower than that of OPC, indicating AAC's superior acid resistance. Moreover, the OPC and AAC binder weight ranges satisfying the target geltime (20-50 s) were estimated as 180.1-471.1 kg/m(3) and 261.2-469.9 kg/m(3), respectively, and the global warming potential (GWP) according to binder weight range was 102.3-257.3 kg CO2 eq/m(3) and 72.9-126.0 kg CO2 eq/m(3). Therefore, by applying AAC to actual sites, GWP is expected to be 29.5 (28.8%)-131.3 (51.0%) kg CO2 eq/m(3) less than that of OPC. | Lee, Jaehyun; Lee, Taegyu; Lee, Seungwoo; Choi, Hyeonggil | Seoul Natl Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Safety Engn, 232 Gongneung Ro, Seoul 01811, South Korea; Semyung Univ, Dept Fire & Disaster Prevent, 65 Semyung Ro, Jecheon Si 27136, Chungbuk, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Architecture Civil Environm & Energy Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea | ; Lee, Jaehyun/ABB-9148-2020 | 57211397021; 7501437272; 57221452769; 56430165800 | archi0528@seoultech.ac.kr;ltg777@semyung.ac.kr;woolee@knu.ac.kr;hgchoi@knu.ac.kr; | MATERIALS | MATERIALS | 1996-1944 | 13 | 23 | SCIE | CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL;MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING;PHYSICS, APPLIED;PHYSICS, CONDENSED MATTER | 2020 | 3.623 | 20.6 | 0.27 | 2025-06-25 | 7 | 8 | alkali-activated composites (AAC); alkali-sulfate activator; engineering properties; acid resistance properties; CO2 reduction properties | CFBC FLY-ASH; SLAG; BINDERS; MITIGATION; MECHANISMS; SHRINKAGE; HYDRATION; EVOLUTION | Acid resistance properties; Alkali-activated composites (AAC); Alkali-sulfate activator; CO<sub>2</sub> reduction properties; Engineering properties | Acid resistance; Calcium silicate; Carbon dioxide; Global warming; Hydration; Portland cement; Silicates; Sulfur compounds; Sulfuric acid; Calcium silicate hydrate; Expected effects; Field application; Global warming potential; Hydration products; Matrix microstructure; Ordinary Portland cement; Resistance analysis; Chlorine compounds | English | 2020 | 2020-12 | 10.3390/ma13235410 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||
| ○ | ○ | Review | Reliability of Metal 3D Printing with Respect to the Marginal Fit of Fixed Dental Prostheses: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis | Three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies have been widely used to manufacture crowns and frameworks for fixed dental prostheses. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the reliability of the marginal fit of 3D-printed cobalt-chromium-based fixed dental prostheses in comparison to conventional casting methods. Articles published until 25 June 2020, reporting the marginal fit of fixed prostheses fabricated with metal 3D printing, were searched using electronic literature databases. After the screening and quality assessment, 21 eligible peer-reviewed articles were selected. Meta-analysis revealed that the marginal gap of the prostheses manufactured using 3D printing was significantly smaller compared to that manufactured using casting methods (standard mean difference (95% CI): -0.92 (-1.45, -0.38); Z = -3.37; p = 0.0008). The estimated difference between the single and multi-unit types did not differ significantly (p = 0.3573). In the subgroup analysis for the measurement methods, the tendency of marginal discrepancy between the 3D printing and casting groups was significantly different between articles that used direct observation and those that used the silicone replica technique (p < 0.001). Metal 3D printing technologies appear reliable as an alternative to casting methods in terms of the fit of the fixed dental prostheses. In order to analyze the factors influencing manufacturing and confirm the results of this review, further controlled laboratory and clinical studies are required. | Bae, Soohyun; Hong, Min-Ho; Lee, Hyunwoo; Lee, Cheong-Hee; Hong, Mihee; Lee, Jaesik; Lee, Du-Hyeong | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Dent, Dept Prosthodont, Daegu 41940, South Korea; Catholic Univ Pusan, Coll Hlth Sci, Dept Dent Lab Sci, Busan 46252, South Korea; Natl Med Ctr, Dept Dent Clin, Seoul 04564, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Dent, Dept Orthodont, Daegu 41940, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Dent, Dept Pediat Dent, Daegu 41940, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Inst Translat Res Dent, Daegu 41940, South Korea | 57219625904; 57192705343; 57218775082; 56101128900; 57190379016; 57193887436; 35770948000 | hyun5601@knu.ac.kr;mhhong@cup.ac.kr;surgeonlee@nmc.or.kr;chlee@mail.knu.ac.kr;mhhong1208@knu.ac.kr;leejs@knu.ac.kr;deweylee@knu.ac.kr; | MATERIALS | MATERIALS | 1996-1944 | 13 | 21 | SCIE | CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL;MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING;PHYSICS, APPLIED;PHYSICS, CONDENSED MATTER | 2020 | 3.623 | 20.6 | 1.06 | 2025-06-25 | 19 | 21 | metal; 3D printing; reliability; marginal fit; fixed dental prosthesis; systematic review; meta-analysis | INTERNAL FIT; LASER; CROWNS; ADAPTATION; ACCURACY; FABRICATION; SIMULATION; COMPONENTS; DESIGN; MISFIT | 3D printing; Fixed dental prosthesis; Marginal fit; Meta-analysis; Metal; Reliability; Systematic review | Dental prostheses; Metal analysis; Metal casting; Prosthetics; Reliability analysis; Silicones; Controlled laboratories; Conventional casting; Direct observations; Literature database; Marginal discrepancy; Measurement methods; Quality assessment; Three-dimensional (3D) printing; 3D printers | English | 2020 | 2020-11 | 10.3390/ma13214781 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | |||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Residual Stress Reduction Technology in Heterogeneous Metal Additive Manufacturing | Metal additive manufacturing (AM) is a low-cost, high-efficiency functional mold manufacturing technology. However, when the functional section of the mold or part is not a partial area, and large-area additive processing of high-hardness metal is required, cracks occur frequently in AM and substrate materials owing to thermal stress and the accumulation of residual stresses. Hence, research on residual stress reduction technologies is required. In this study, we investigated the effect of reducing residual stress due to thermal deviation reduction using a real-time heating device as well as changes in laser power in the AM process for both high-hardness cold and hot work mold steel. The residual stress was measured using an X-ray stress diffraction device before and after AM. Compared to the AM processing conditions at room temperature (25 degrees C), residual stress decreased by 57% when the thermal deviation was reduced. The microstructures and mechanical properties of AM specimens manufactured under room-temperature and real-time preheating and heating conditions were analyzed using an optical microscope. Qualitative evaluation of the effect of reducing residual stress, which was quantitatively verified in a small specimen, confirmed that the residual stress decreased for a large-area curved specimen in which concentrated stress was generated during AM processing. | Hong, Myoung-Pyo; Kim, Young-Suk | Korea Inst Ind Technol, Mech Components & Mat R&D Grp, Daegu 711883, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Grad Sch, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea | Kim, Sang-Hoon/AAA-2248-2020 | 57192270657; 36065820800 | mp77@kitech.re.kr;caekim@knu.ac.kr; | MATERIALS | MATERIALS | 1996-1944 | 13 | 23 | SCIE | CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL;MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING;PHYSICS, APPLIED;PHYSICS, CONDENSED MATTER | 2020 | 3.623 | 20.6 | 0.22 | 2025-06-25 | 5 | 7 | additive manufacturing; residual stress; mold steel; functional metal powder; direct energy deposition | DEPOSITION; ENERGY | Additive manufacturing; Direct energy deposition; Functional metal powder; Mold steel; Residual stress | 3D printers; Additives; Hardness; Molds; Additive processing; Concentrated stress; Heating conditions; Microstructures and mechanical properties; Mold manufacturing; Processing condition; Qualitative evaluations; Residual stress reductions; Residual stresses | English | 2020 | 2020-12 | 10.3390/ma13235516 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Room-Temperature-Processed Amorphous Sn-In-O Electron Transport Layer for Perovskite Solar Cells | We report amorphous tin-indium-oxide (TIO, Sn fraction: >50 atomic percentage (at%)) thin films as a new electron transport layer (ETL) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). TIO thin films with Sn fraction of 52, 77, 83, 92, and 100 at% were grown on crystalline indium-tin-oxide (ITO, Sn fraction: similar to 10 at%) thin films, a common transparent conducting oxide, by co-sputtering In2O3 and SnO2 at room temperature. The energy band structures of the amorphous TIO thin films were determined from the optical absorbance and the ultraviolet photoelectron spectra. All the examined compositions are characterized by a conduction band edge lying between that of ITO and that of perovskite (here, methylammonium lead triiodide), indicating that TIO is a potentially viable ETL of PSCs. The photovoltaic characteristics of the TIO-based PSCs were evaluated. Owing mainly to the highest fill factor and open circuit voltage, the optimal power conversion efficiency was obtained for the 77 at%-Sn TIO ETL with TiCl4 treatment. The fill factor and the open circuit voltage changes with varying the Sn fraction, despite similar conduction band edges. We attribute these differences to the considerable changes in the electrical resistivity of the TIO ETL. This would have a significant effect on the shunt and/or the series resistances. The TIO ETL can be continuously grown on an ITO TCO in a chamber, as ITO and TIO are composed of identical elements, which would help to reduce production time and costs. | Baek, Seungtae; Han, Jeong Woo; Vidyasagar, Devthade; Cho, Hanbyeol; Ha, Hwi-heon; Kim, Dong Hoe; Heo, Young-Woo; Lee, Sangwook | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Sejong Univ, Dept Nanotechnol & Adv Mat Engn, Seoul 05006, South Korea | Lee, Sangwook/O-9166-2015; Kim, Dong Hoe/HLQ-5764-2023; Vidyasagar, Devthade/O-3930-2015; Han, Jeong Woo/D-3369-2011 | 57203532105; 59475446600; 57201674442; 57215041777; 57215054040; 56366898500; 7004298542; 57203597324 | en5840@knu.ac.kr;wjddn0820@knu.ac.kr;vidyasagar.devtade@gmail.com;jhb1005@gmail.com;gkgnlgjs5@naver.com;donghoe.k@sejong.ac.kr;ywheo@knu.ac.kr;wook2@knu.ac.kr; | MATERIALS | MATERIALS | 1996-1944 | 13 | 1 | SCIE | CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL;MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING;PHYSICS, APPLIED;PHYSICS, CONDENSED MATTER | 2020 | 3.623 | 20.6 | 0.43 | 2025-06-25 | 8 | 8 | tin-indium-oxide; room temperature; perovskite solar cell; electron transport layer; band structure; electrical property | TICL4 TREATMENT; 20-PERCENT EFFICIENCY; NANOCRYSTALLINE TIO2; OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; TIN OXIDE; BAND-EDGE; LOW-COST; PLANAR; FILMS; CONDUCTION | Band structure; Electrical property; Electron transport layer; Perovskite solar cell; Room temperature; Tin-indium-oxide | Band structure; Chlorine compounds; Conduction bands; Electric properties; Electric resistance; Electron transport properties; Lead compounds; Open circuit voltage; Perovskite; Perovskite solar cells; Photoelectron spectroscopy; Thin films; Tin oxides; Transparent conducting oxides; Transport Layer; Conduction band edge; Crystalline indium tin oxide; Electron transport layers; Indium oxide; Optical absorbance; Photovoltaic characteristics; Series resistances; Ultraviolet photoelectron spectra; Indium compounds | English | 2020 | 2020-01-01 | 10.3390/ma13010032 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Study on Physical Properties of Mortar for Section Restoration Using Calcium Nitrite and CO2Nano-Bubble Water | This study investigated the physical properties of section-restoration mortar with calcium nitrite (Ca(NO2)(2)) and carbon dioxide (CO2) nanobubble mixing water to develop materials and methods for the repair and reinforcement of cracks in reinforced concrete (RC) structures. As the calcium nitrite content increased, the generation rate and generated amount of nitrite-based hydration products also increased, owing to the rapid reaction between NO(2)(-)ions in calcium nitrite and C(3)A(Al2O3). Further, the reaction with C3S and C2S was accelerated, thereby increasing the generation rates of Ca(OH)(2)and C-S-H. The large amount of Ca(2+)ions in these hydration products reacted with CO(3)(2-)ions in CO(2)nanobubble water, thereby increasing the generation of calcite-based CaCO(3)in the cement matrix. This appears to have affected strength development and durability improvement via the densification of the structure. These results suggest that the performance of polymer cement mortar for repairing concrete structures can be improved if calcium nitrite and CO(2)nanobubble water are properly combined and applied. | Kim, Ho-jin; Choi, Hyeonggil; Choi, Heesup; Lee, Bokyeong; Lee, Dongwoo; Lee, Dong-Eun | Korea Testing & Res Inst, Daegu Gyeongbuk Branch, Daegu 41516, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Architecture Civil Environm & Energy Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Kitami Inst Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Kitami, Hokkaido 0908507, Japan; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Intelligent Construct Automat Ctr, Daegu 41566, South Korea; BUKUK Neutralizat & Prevent Struct Hazard Syst, Gyeonggi Do 17001, South Korea | Lee, Dongwoo/AAE-2099-2022 | 57219003586; 56430165800; 56430170700; 57075263600; 57219002176; 56605563300 | white002@ktr.or.kr;hgchoi@knu.ac.kr;hs-choi@mail.kitami-it.ac.jp;bklee11@knu.ac.kr;dolee@knu.ac.kr;hit6585@gmail.com; | MATERIALS | MATERIALS | 1996-1944 | 13 | 17 | SCIE | CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL;MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING;PHYSICS, APPLIED;PHYSICS, CONDENSED MATTER | 2020 | 3.623 | 20.6 | 0.5 | 2025-06-25 | 8 | 12 | calcium nitrite; CO(2)nanobubble water; section restoration; mortar | Calcium nitrite; CO<sub>2</sub> nanobubble water; Mortar; Section restoration | Alumina; Aluminum oxide; Calcite; Calcium; Calcium carbonate; Cement industry; Cements; Concrete construction; Concrete mixing; Hydrated lime; Hydration; Ions; Mortar; Nitrogen oxides; Physical properties; Reaction rates; Reinforced concrete; Restoration; Durability improvement; Generation rate; Hydration products; Large amounts; Polymer cement mortars; Rapid reactions; Section restorations; Strength development; Carbon dioxide | English | 2020 | 2020-09 | 10.3390/ma13173897 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 |
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