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WoS SCOPUS Document Type Document Title Abstract Authors Affiliation ResearcherID (WoS) AuthorsID (SCOPUS) Author Email(s) Journal Name JCR Abbreviation ISSN eISSN Volume Issue WoS Edition WoS Category JCR Year IF JCR (%) FWCI FWCI Update Date WoS Citation SCOPUS Citation Keywords (WoS) KeywordsPlus (WoS) Keywords (SCOPUS) KeywordsPlus (SCOPUS) Language Publication Stage Publication Year Publication Date DOI JCR Link DOI Link WOS Link SCOPUS Link
Article Dynamic positioning of UAVs to improve network coverage in VANETs Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are expected to become an essential component of the future wireless networks, opening up a plethora of options to improve communications between vehicles and infrastructures. In addition, Road Side Units (RSUs) are deployed in a limited number to reduce the monetary cost leads to many uncovered regions in the network. Motivated by this, we propose a collaborative network coverage enhancement scheme (CONEC) to bring the uncovered vehicles within the infrastructure's coverage. In this paper, we leverage the UAVs to facilitate seamless network coverage for ground vehicles by optimally placing the UAVs in optimal places. To this end, we utilize the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm to find the best UAV deployment position in the whole network while considering vehicle density, heading direction, and previous coverage information. After that, PSO is called successively to obtain the optimal number of UAVs required to provide coverage to vehicles up to predefined network coverage threshold. Furthermore, we propose additional algorithm to efficiently schedule the UAVs in each time frame to minimize the wastage of UAVs service time. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme CONEC improves the network performance of VANET in terms of packet delivery ratio (PDR), hop counts (HOPs), end-to-end delay (EED), and throughput compared to its counterpart.(c) 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Islam, Md. Mahmudul; Khan, Muhammad Toaha Raza; Saad, Malik Muhammad; Tariq, Muhammad Ashar; Kim, Dongkyun Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Comp Sci & Engn, Daegu, South Korea Khan, Turyalai/HPH-0061-2023; Saad, Malik/ABF-9433-2021 57223681377; 57202044597; 57220715290; 57219865336; 35753648800 mislam@knu.ac.kr;toaha@knu.ac.kr;maliksaad@knu.ac.kr;tariqashar@knu.ac.kr;dongkyun@knu.ac.kr; VEHICULAR COMMUNICATIONS VEH COMMUN 2214-2096 36 SCIE TELECOMMUNICATIONS;TRANSPORTATION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022 6.7 16.5 2.4 2025-06-25 16 24 UAVs; VANETs; RSUs; UAVplacementoptimization; Networkcoverage VEHICULAR NETWORKS; ARCHITECTURE; CHALLENGES; VEHICLES Network coverage; RSUs; UAV placement optimization; UAVs; VANETs English 2022 2022-08 10.1016/j.vehcom.2022.100498 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
Article Fermentation dynamics of spontaneously fermented Ethiopian honey wine, Tej Spontaneously fermented Ethiopian honey wine, Tej, is a popular alcoholic beverage in Ethiopia. However, a detailed information which is needed to modernized the production process of this traditional beverage has not yet been conducted. Thus, this paper is aimed to reveal the physicochemical and microbial dynamics occurred during Tej fermentation processes. To address this objective, Tej samples was collected every 48 h from three households located at three different cities of Ethiopia. As fermentation progressed, pH, glucose, and fructose content decreased, whereas, titratable acidity and alcohol content increased. Likewise, antioxidant activity, especially 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid diammonium salt (ABTS) assay, increased as the fermentation progressed to final stages. Moreover, the bacterial communities shifted to Lactobacillus dominancy as the fermentation progress to the end. Furthermore, during the whole fermentation period, fungal communities were practically dominated by Saccharomyces species. Due to these dominances microbial diversity decreased toward the end of fermentation. Besides, quantitative increases in both microbial communities were observed during Tej fermentation periods. However, fungal gene copy numbers were by half higher than bacterial gene copy numbers. In conclusion, Species of Lactobacillus and Saccharomyces could be taken as a potential mixed starter culture candidates for inoculated Tej fermentation systems. Fentie, Eskindir Getachew; Jeong, Minsoo; Emire, Shimelis Admassu; Demsash, Hundessa Dessalegn; Kim, Min A.; Shin, Jae-Ho Addis Ababa Sci & Technol Univ, Coll Biol & Chem Engn, Addis Ababa 16417, Ethiopia; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Appl Biosci, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Addis Ababa Univ, Sch Chem & Bioengn, Addis Ababa Inst Technol, POB 385,King George VI St, Addis Ababa 16417, Ethiopia; Natl Inst Korean Med Dev, Daegu 38540, South Korea ; Kim, Jwa/AAH-9915-2021; shin, Jaeho/K-6792-2013; Fentie, Eskindir/LIG-6089-2024 57245844200; 57292954900; 36189913000; 57192308986; 56123031300; 57224125922 jhshin@knu.ac.kr; LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LWT-FOOD SCI TECHNOL 0023-6438 1096-1127 155 SCIE FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022 6 16.5 1.05 2025-06-25 8 12 Tej; Dynamics; Microbiota; Physicochemical; Antioxidant LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; YEAST; MEAD; IDENTIFICATION; ENUMERATION; POPULATIONS; BEVERAGE; PRIMERS; FUNGAL; REGION Antioxidant; Dynamics; Microbiota; Physicochemical; Tej Antioxidants; Fermentation; Genes; Wine; Community IS; Ethiopia; Fermentation dynamics; Fermentation periods; Gene copy number; Honey wines; Microbiotas; Physico-chemicals; Production process; Tej; Dynamics English 2022 2022-02-01 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112927 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
Article Impacts of location-privacy preserving schemes on vehicular applications Location privacy is a big concern in Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs). The strict latency requirements of safety-critical applications demand transmission of unencrypted Cooperative Awareness Messages (CAMs). Also, VANETs nodes and messages must be authenticated to ensure security. Consequently, VANETs are open and leak the identity and location information of users. Therefore, an adversary can easily obtain the information and use it to track a target user. Resulting in performing more severe attacks such as stalking, mugging, burglary, etc. To address the aforementioned issue, many Location Privacy-Preserving Schemes (LPPSs) have been proposed in the recent literature. However, these schemes eventually affect the performance of vehicular applications due to the employed protection mechanisms. Therefore, our survey focuses on researching the impacts of LPPSs on vehicular applications, contrary to most of the existing surveys that focus on detailed comparative analysis of LPPSs. This is the first survey comprehensively debating the effects of LPPSs on vehicular applications to the best of our knowledge. As a result, this survey will help identify techniques that work best for certain applications. In addition, it will help highlight necessary modifications to the LPPSs to preserve the Quality of Services (QoS) of VANETs applications.(c) 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Mdee, Abdueli Paulo; Saad, Malik Muhammad; Khan, Murad; Khan, Muhammad Toaha Raza; Kim, Dongkyun Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Comp Sci & Engn, Daegu, South Korea Saad, Malik/ABF-9433-2021; Khan, Turyalai/HPH-0061-2023; Khan, Muhammad Toaha Raza/KXR-8209-2024 57766373000; 57220715290; 56151971600; 57202044597; 35753648800 abduelmdee@gmail.com;maliksaad@knu.ac.kr;mkhan@knu.ac.kr;toaha@knu.ac.kr;dongkyun@knu.ac.kr; VEHICULAR COMMUNICATIONS VEH COMMUN 2214-2096 36 SCIE TELECOMMUNICATIONS;TRANSPORTATION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022 6.7 16.5 0.33 2025-06-25 7 10 Vehicular Ad -hoc networks; Vehicular applications; Location privacy; Location privacy-preserving scheme SERVICES; EFFICIENT; SECURITY; ARCHITECTURE; CHALLENGES; PROTECTION; STANDARDS; INTERNET; DSRC Location privacy; Location privacy-preserving scheme; Vehicular Ad-hoc networks; Vehicular applications English 2022 2022-08 10.1016/j.vehcom.2022.100499 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
Article Postnatal age-differential ASD-like transcriptomic, synaptic, and behavioral deficits in Myt1l-mutant mice Myelin transcription factor 1 like (Myt1l), a zinc-finger transcription factor, promotes neuronal differentiation and is implicated in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability. However, it remains unclear whether Myt1l promotes neuronal differentiation in vivo and its deficiency in mice leads to disease-related phenotypes. Here, we report that Mythl-heterozygous mutant (Myt1l-HT) mice display postnatal age-differential ASD-related phenotypes: newborn Myt1l-HT mice, with strong Mythl expression, show ASD-like transcriptomic changes involving decreased synaptic gene expression and prefrontal excitatory synaptic transmission and altered righting reflex. Juvenile Myt1l-HT mice, with markedly decreased Mythl expression, display reverse ASD-like transcriptomes, increased prefrontal excitatory transmission, and largely normal behaviors. Adult Myt1l-HT mice show ASD-like transcriptomes involving astrocytic and microglial gene upregulation, increased prefrontal inhibitory transmission, and behavioral deficits. Therefore, Mythl haploinsufficiency leads to ASD-related phe-notypes in newborn mice, which are temporarily normalized in juveniles but re-appear in adults, pointing to continuing phenotypic changes long after a marked decrease of Mythl expression in juveniles. Kim, Seongbin; Oh, Hyoseon; Choi, Sang Han; Yoo, Ye-Eun; Noh, Young Woo; Cho, Yisul; Im, Geun Ho; Lee, Chanhee; Oh, Yusang; Yang, Esther; Kim, Gyuri; Chung, Won-Suk; Kim, Hyun; Kang, Hyojin; Bae, Yongchul; Kim, Seong-Gi; Kim, Eunjoon Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol KAIST, Dept Biol Sci, Daejeon 34141, South Korea; Inst Basic Sci IBS, Ctr Neurosci Imaging Res, Suwon 16419, South Korea; Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Suwon 16419, South Korea; Inst Basic Sci IBS, Ctr Synapt Brain Dysfunct, Daejeon 34141, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Dent, Dept Anat & Neurobiol, Daegu 41940, South Korea; Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol KAIST, Dept Bio & Brain Engn, Daejeon 34141, South Korea; Korea Univ, Coll Med, Dept Anat, Seoul 02841, South Korea; Korea Univ, Coll Med, Grad Program BK21, Biomed Sci, Seoul 02841, South Korea; Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol KAIST, Div Natl Supercomp, Daejeon 34141, South Korea Kim, Do Hyun/AAA-2792-2021; Kim, Seong-Gi/A-2691-2008; Chung, Won Suck/B-9011-2016; Kim, Eunjoon/C-1566-2011 57553120800; 57893797300; 7408122562; 57192373292; 57202453522; 23979595700; 58823651900; 57189000761; 57892821500; 57194107730; 58730973000; 33867529900; 55663909700; 57203522541; 56377838800; 27167575500; 57203240554 kime@kaist.ac.kr; CELL REPORTS CELL REP 2211-1247 40 12 SCIE CELL BIOLOGY 2022 8.8 16.5 0.56 2025-06-25 9 9 CAUSES INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY; DIRECT CONVERSION; ZINC-FINGER; BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; HUMAN FIBROBLASTS; MYT1L MUTATION; EARLY-ONSET; GENE; NEURONS; AUTISM autism spectrum disorder; CP: Neuroscience; intellectual disability; neurodevelopmental disorder; neuronal differentiation; schizophrenia; social and repetitive behaviors; synaptic transmission; transcription factor; transcriptome Animals; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Disease Models, Animal; Mice; Synaptic Transmission; Transcription Factors; Transcriptome; Zinc; messenger RNA; myelin transcription factor 1 like; transcription factor; transcriptome; unclassified drug; transcription factor; transcriptome; zinc; adult; age; animal cell; animal experiment; animal model; Article; astrocyte; autism; behavior change; behavior disorder; brain function; brain region; cohort analysis; controlled study; female; gene; gene deletion; gene expression; haploinsufficiency; heterozygote; in vivo study; male; microglia; mouse; mouse mutant; Myt1l gene; nerve cell differentiation; newborn; nonhuman; perinatal period; phenotype; prefrontal cortex; righting reflex; synaptic transmission; transcriptomics; upregulation; animal; disease model; genetics; metabolism; synaptic transmission English 2022 2022-09-20 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111398 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
Article A delamination prevention of tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) coating using large pulsed electron beam (LPEB) pretreatment The tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) coating is one of the fascinating surface coating for superior mechanical properties. Although its outstanding mechanical strength, it is hard to achieve adhesion stability due to high interfacial and residual stresses. Here, we introduce a new concept of pretreatment called large pulsed electron beam (LPEB) treatment. To specify the adhesion of the ta-C coating following the LPEB treatment, various adhesion tests, including the scratch test and Rockwell indentation test, were conducted. Thus, the ta-C coating pretreated with LPEB was found to have excellent adhesion through qualitative and quantitative analyses. Furthermore, to elucidate the mechanism for improving adhesion, analyses were conducted from two aspects: 1) deformation of the substrate and 2) stress change at the interface between the coating and the substrate. As a result, ta-C pretreated with LPEB increased the hardness of the substrate and supported the coating well. In addition, the thermal contraction of the coating was decreased after deposition, reducing the stress between the coating and the interface, and the adhesion was considerably improved. © 2022 Lee, Yonghoon; Choe, Joon-Hyeok; Jang, Young-Jun; Kim, Jongkuk; Yim, Changyong; Kim, Jisoo Department of Precision Mechanical Engineering, Kyungpook National University (KNU), 2559, Gyeongsang-daero, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Sangju-si, 37224, South Korea; Department of Precision Mechanical Engineering, Kyungpook National University (KNU), 2559, Gyeongsang-daero, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Sangju-si, 37224, South Korea; Department of Extreme Environmental Coatings, Extreme Materials Institute, Korea Institute of Materials Science, 797, Changwon-daero, Seongsan-gu, Gyeongsangnam-do, Changwon-si, 51508, South Korea; Department of Extreme Environmental Coatings, Extreme Materials Institute, Korea Institute of Materials Science, 797, Changwon-daero, Seongsan-gu, Gyeongsangnam-do, Changwon-si, 51508, South Korea; School of Nano & Materials Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University (KNU), 2559, Gyeongsang-daero, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Sangju-si, 37224, South Korea, Department of Advanced Science and Technology Convergence, Kyungpook National University (KNU), 2559, Gyeongsang-daero, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Sangju-si, 37224, South Korea; Department of Precision Mechanical Engineering, Kyungpook National University (KNU), 2559, Gyeongsang-daero, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Sangju-si, 37224, South Korea, Department of Advanced Science and Technology Convergence, Kyungpook National University (KNU), 2559, Gyeongsang-daero, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Sangju-si, 37224, South Korea 58773693800; 57660451700; 56517492000; 50061608100; 36877182000; 57192647685 cy.yim@knu.ac.kr;js.kim@knu.ac.kr; Surface and Coatings Technology SURF COAT TECH 0257-8972 1879-3347 440 SCIE MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS;PHYSICS, APPLIED 2022 5.4 16.7 0.73 2025-06-25 9 Adhesion; D-spacing; Electron beam; Residual stress; Scratch test; Tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) Adhesion; Amorphous carbon; Electron beams; Residual stresses; Amorphous carbon coating; D-spacing; Electron-beam; Electron-beam treatment; Mechanical; Pre-treatments; Pulsed electron beams; Scratch test; Surface coatings; Tetrahedral amorphous carbon; Coatings English Final 2022 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2022.128485 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
Article Adhesion interaction of one-component polyurethane in cross-laminating southern pine wood treated with micronized copper azole-type C (MCA-C) Compatibility between preservative and resin plays an important role in determining the adhesive performance of preservative-treated engineered wood products. This study aims to elucidate the interactions between micronized copper azole-type C (MCA-C) treated southern pine (Pinus spp.) at two retention levels and one-component polyurethane resin (PU). The surface wettability of both untreated and treated wood was examined using a dynamic water contact angle and it was found that water wettability of the latewood at high retention level treatment was significantly higher than those of untreated and at low retention level. Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy analysis of wood and resin samples indicates that neither interaction between MCA-C and wood nor unique peaks for wood/resin mixture were detected. Curing behavior of PU resin and wood by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis shows that preservative treatment dramatically retarded the curing of the PU resin with the low retention treatment being the most difficult to cure with. The bond-line thickness and depth of resin penetration measurement by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) indicates that MCA-C treatment on wood significantly affects the bond-line thickness and the penetration of PU resin. In particular, bond-line thickness significantly decreased while glue penetration significantly increased as treatment retention increased. Although the low retention treatment is the most difficult to cure with PU resin, the bond-line thickness and resin penetration depth in wood structure could also affect the final bonding performance of the engineered wood. Cai, Lili; Park, Byung-Dae; Kim, Minseok; Jeremic, Dragica; Lim, Hyungsuk Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Rangeland & Fire Sci, 875 Perimeter Dr, Moscow, ID 83844 USA; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Wood & Paper Sci, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Ligno Log LLC, 1919 Woodlawn Ave, Eugene, OR 97403 USA; Mississippi State Univ, Dept Sustainable Bioprod, 201 Locksley Way, Starkville, MS 39759 USA; Univ Canterbury, Sch Forestry, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand Park, Byung-Dae/ABB-1934-2020; Cai, Lili/AAI-1606-2020 56375081100; 7402834820; 59076211400; 6603867756; 57204964101 byungdae@knu.ac.kr;thomas.lim@canterbury.ac.nz; EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WOOD AND WOOD PRODUCTS EUR J WOOD WOOD PROD 0018-3768 1436-736X 80 2 SCIE FORESTRY;MATERIALS SCIENCE, PAPER & WOOD 2022 2.6 16.7 0.41 2025-06-25 6 4 UREA-FORMALDEHYDE RESINS; BIOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE; PENETRATION; PRESERVATIVES Adhesives; Composites; Contact Angle; Copper; Curing; Polyurethanes; Adhesives; Building materials; Composite materials; Contact angle; Copper; Curing; Differential scanning calorimetry; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Polyurethanes; Wetting; Wood products; Adhesion interactions; Adhesive performance; Bond line thickness; Engineered wood products; Micronized copper azoles; Pinus spp; Resin penetration; Retention levels; Southern pine wood; Southern pines; Resins English 2022 2022-04 10.1007/s00107-021-01776-1 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
Article Institutional quality and FDI location: A threshold model This paper aims to explain why foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows into South and Southeast Asia are increasing as alternative production bases to China, but are concentrated in a few countries with better institution quality. The literature posits that labor costs are a major determinant of FDI location decisions. A model of FDI location is explored to examine the threshold role of institutional quality in determining the relationship between labor costs and FDI location. Using data from 14 South and Southeast Asian countries during 2000-2017, evi-dence shows that effects of labor costs on FDI are nonlinearly decreasing because their institutional quality is improved above threshold values. A better quality of institution reduces country-related costs for FDI location and undermines the negative relationship between labor costs and FDI location. This study contributes by exploring the role of institutional thresholds in determining FDI location and draws policy implications despite labor costs increases. Zhang, Hongxia; Kim, Heeho Shandong Normal Univ, Sch Econ, Jinan, Peoples R China; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Econ & Trade, Daegu, South Korea ; Kim, Heeho/AAO-8809-2021 57199714616; 36727893700 lymyzhx1016@163.com;kimhh@knu.ac.kr; ECONOMIC MODELLING ECON MODEL 0264-9993 1873-6122 114 SSCI ECONOMICS 2022 4.7 16.7 3.09 2025-06-25 32 35 Threshold; Relative labor costs; Foreign direct investment location; Foreign Institutional quality FOREIGN DIRECT-INVESTMENT; DYNAMIC PANELS; INFLOWS; DETERMINANTS; AGGLOMERATION; FLOWS Foreign direct investment location; Institutional quality; Relative labor costs; Threshold English 2022 2022-09 10.1016/j.econmod.2022.105942 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
Article Shed syndecan-2 enhances colon cancer progression by increasing cooperative angiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment Although shed syndecan-2 potentiated the tumorigenic activities of colon cancer cells, how shed syndecan-2 increases this tumorigenic potential remains unclear. Using an orthotopic mouse model of colon cancer, we show that shed syndecan-2 increases colon cancer progression by cooperatively promoting angiogenesis. Co-administration with a synthetic peptide of shed syndecan-2 (S2LQ) enhanced the survival and tumor engraftment of luciferase-expressing CT26 colon adenocarcinoma cells orthotopically implanted into the cecum of BALB/c mice. Intravenous injection of S2LQ further enhanced the growth of orthotopic tumors in the cecum, with increases in the tissue infiltration of macrophages and the formation of blood vessels, mainly in peripheral layers of the tumor facing the stroma. Furthermore, S2LQ stabilized HIF1a and enhanced the VEGF expression in human colon cancer cell lines, and increased the migration of RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells and bone marrow-derived macrophages. Finally, S2LQ increased the tube formation of vascular endothelial cells in vitro. Together, these data demonstrate that shed syndecan-2 enhances tumorigenic activity by increasing the crosstalk of cancer cells with tumor-associated macrophages and endothelial cells to enhance angiogenesis for colon cancer progression in the tumor microenvironment. (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. Jang, Bohee; Song, Hyun-Kuk; Hwang, Jisun; Lee, Seohyeon; Park, Eunhye; Oh, Areum; Hwang, Eun Sook; Sung, Jee Young; Kim, Yong-Nyun; Park, Kyunghye; Lee, You Mie; Oh, Eok-Soo Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Life Sci, 52 Ewhayeodae Gil, Seoul 120750, South Korea; Ewha Womans Univ, Coll Pharm, Seoul 120750, South Korea; Ewha Womans Univ, Grad Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Seoul 120750, South Korea; Natl Canc Ctr, Div Translat Sci, 323 Ilsan Ro, Goyang Si 10408, Gyeonggi Do, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Vessel Organ Interact Res Ctr, Res Inst Pharmaceut Sci, VOICE MRC,Dept Mol Pathophysiol,Coll Pharm, Daegu 41566, South Korea Kim, Yong-Lim/AGK-3172-2022; Lee, Kyung-Soo/C-9016-2011 55242403100; 57213595968; 7403896831; 57452850000; 57214092803; 57214071749; 8688011100; 7402627013; 55917230800; 56898276900; 8230508600; 7101967153 lym@knu.ac.kr;OhES@ewha.ac.kr; MATRIX BIOLOGY MATRIX BIOL 0945-053X 1569-1802 107 SCIE BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY;CELL BIOLOGY 2022 6.9 16.7 0.72 2025-06-25 7 8 Syndecan-2; Angiogenesis; Orthotopic model; Tumor microenvironment MULTIPLE-MYELOMA; CELL-ADHESION; GROWTH; PROTEOGLYCANS; MACROPHAGES; EXPRESSION; PROMOTES; HYPOXIA; ROLES; HIF-1 Angiogenesis; Orthotopic model; Syndecan-2; Tumor microenvironment Animals; Cell Line, Tumor; Colonic Neoplasms; Endothelial Cells; Mice; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Syndecan-1; Syndecan-2; Tumor Microenvironment; arginase 1; gelatinase B; hypoxia inducible factor 1alpha; interleukin 10; interleukin 1beta; interleukin 6; ketoprofen; luciferin; monocyte chemotactic protein 1; platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1; shed syndecan 2; syndecan 2; tumor necrosis factor; unclassified drug; vasculotropin; vasculotropin A; vasculotropin receptor 2; syndecan 1; angiogenesis; animal cell; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; Article; cancer growth; CD4+ T lymphocyte; cell migration assay; cell proliferation; cell viability; chick aortic ring assay; chorioallantoic membrane assay; colon cancer; controlled study; CT26 cell line; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; female; fluorescence microscopy; gene expression; histology; human; human cell; immunohistochemistry; macrophage migration; mouse; mRNA expression level; MTT assay; nonhuman; real time polymerase chain reaction; RNA isolation; signal transduction; tubulogenesis; tumor growth; tumor microenvironment; tumor volume; tumor-associated macrophage; animal; colon tumor; endothelium cell; genetics; metabolism; neovascularization (pathology); tumor cell line; tumor microenvironment English 2022 2022-03 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.02.001 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
Article Changes in informal society and slavery during the Chosun-Era in Korea While slavery was unconventional in Northeast Asia in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, it has been documented in Korea from the Three Kingdoms period (BC 57-AD 668). In 1731, a new slavery regulation was introduced in Korea that stipulated that a child was a slave only if its mother was a slave, regardless of the status of the child's father. This led to a dramatic decrease in the number of slaves. In addition, slaves also deserted more frequently after 1731 because the 'not-freed', remaining slaves tried various ways to secure their freedom amid the ensuing societal instability. The easiest way for slaves in Korea to achieve freedom was to flee their owners since they were of native descent. Slave desertions and entry into the informal economy may be attributed to the exclusion of slaves from social institution. Slaves attempted to escape from their current status to the informal sectors of society, where they could manage a subsistence-level existence without being caught. This study explores government registries of household tallies in three counties of Korea's Kyungsang province and data on slave transaction. We consider the role of slave desertion in order to examine a relationship between the 1731 regulation change, the institution of slavery, and society. We find that the evidence indicates that the 1731 regulation change led to more desertions, and the costs of monitoring slaves increased; slaves were replaced with daily-wage workers on farmlands. This study contributes to the literature by tracing the causality of slave desertions to informal society that led to the collapse of slavery in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Korea. Kim, Heeho Kyungpook Natl Univ, Daegu, South Korea; London Sch Econ & Polit Sci, London, England Kim, Heeho/AAO-8809-2021 36727893700 kimhh@knu.ac.kr; HUMANITIES & SOCIAL SCIENCES COMMUNICATIONS HUM SOC SCI COMMUN 2662-9992 9 1 AHCI;SSCI HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY 2022 3.5 16.8 0.21 2025-06-25 1 1 RELATIVE EFFICIENCY; AGRICULTURE; TRADE English 2022 2022-10-19 10.1057/s41599-022-01370-7 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
Article Standardized ileal digestible lysine requirements of 21-28 days old male broilers The objective of this study was to estimate the standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine (Lys) requirement for male broiler chickens at the age of 21-28 days. A total of 240 (21 days old) Ross 308 broilers (842 +/- 43.9 g; mean +/- SD) were allocated to six different dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design with eight replicate cages per treatment. The six experimental diets were formulated based on corn, soybean meal, and synthetic amino acids to contain dietary SID Lys equally increased from 7.5 g/kg to 12.5 g/kg, with a consistent concentration of all amino acids except for Lys. As the SID Lys increased in the experimental diet, the weight gain, feed intake, and G:F increased linearly (P < 0.05) and quadratically (P < 0.05). The Lys intake linearly (P < 0.01) increased as the SID Lys concentration increased. The SID Lys requirements for weight gain and G:F were 10.6 g/kg and 10.9 g/kg for the one-slope broken-line, 11.6 g/kg and 12.1 g/kg for the quadratic line, and 11.0 g/kg and 11.5 g/kg for 95 % of the upper asymptote of the quadratic model, respectively. In summary, the dietary SID Lys for optimum body weight gain and G:F of 21-28 days old male broilers were 10.7 g/kg and 10.9 g/kg, respectively. In addition, the SID Lys for maximum body weight gain and G:F were 11.6 g/kg and 12.1 g/kg, respectively. An, Su Hyun; Kang, Hwan-Ku; Kong, Changsu Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Anim Sci & Biotechnol, Sangju 37224, South Korea; RDA, Inst Poultry Sci, Natl Inst Anim Sci, Pyeongchang 25340, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Sangju 37224, South Korea 안, 수현/JFK-5079-2023 57216974969; 24166849700; 36027521600 woobi89@gmail.com;magic100@korea.kr;changsukong@gmail.com; ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ANIM FEED SCI TECH 0377-8401 1873-2216 292 SCIE AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022 3.2 16.9 0.95 2025-06-25 5 5 Broiler; Requirement; Ideal amino acid ratio; Standardized ileal digestible lysine COMMERCIAL BROILERS; PROTEIN-TURNOVER; DIETARY LYSINE; CHICKS; MUSCLE; GROWTH Broiler; Ideal amino acid ratio; Requirement; Standardized ileal digestible lysine English 2022 2022-10 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115409 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
Article; Data Paper High-quality genome assemblies from key Hawaiian coral species Background: Coral reefs house about 25% of marine biodiversity and are critical for the livelihood of many communities by providing food, tourism revenue, and protection from wave surge. These magnificent ecosystems are under existential threat from anthropogenic climate change. Whereas extensive ecological and physiological studies have addressed coral response to environmental stress, high-quality reference genome data are lacking for many of these species. The latter issue hinders efforts to understand the genetic basis of stress resistance and to design informed coral conservation strategies. Results: We report genome assemblies from 4 key Hawaiian coral species, Montipora capitata, Pocillopora acuta, Pocillopora meandrina, and Porites compressa. These species, or members of these genera, are distributed worldwide and therefore of broad scientific and ecological importance. For M. capitata, an initial assembly was generated from short-read Illumina and long-read PacBio data, which was then scaffolded into 14 putative chromosomes using Omni-C sequencing. For P. acuta, P. meandrina, and P. compressa, high-quality assemblies were generated using short-read Illumina and long-read PacBio data. The P. acuta assembly is from a triploid individual, making it the first reference genome of a nondiploid coral animal. Conclusions: These assemblies are significant improvements over available data and provide invaluable resources for supporting multiomics studies into coral biology, not just in Hawai'i but also in other regions, where related species exist. The P. acuta assembly provides a platform for studying polyploidy in corals and its role in genome evolution and stress adaptation in these organisms. Stephens, Timothy G.; Lee, Junmo; Jeong, Yujin; Yoon, Hwan Su; Putnam, Hollie M.; Majerova, Eva; Bhattacharya, Debashish Rutgers State Univ, Dept Biochem & Microbiol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Oceanog, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Suwon 16419, South Korea; Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Biol Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA; Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA Yoon, Hwan Su/A-2974-2013; Stephens, Timothy/C-7967-2017; Majerová, Eva/E-1080-2012; Putnam, Hollie/AFJ-8174-2022 57189507577; 57217851052; 57226767747; 35239094800; 25621868600; 57845381600; 7201931909 ts942@sebs.rutgers.edu; GIGASCIENCE GIGASCIENCE 2047-217X 11 SCIE MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES 2022 9.2 17.1 1.91 2025-06-25 4 12 coral; Scleractinia; Montipora capitata; Pocillopora acuta; Pocillopora meandrina; Porites compressa; chromosome-level genome assembly; ploidy; triploid DE-NOVO IDENTIFICATION; ANNOTATION; RECONSTRUCTION; EVOLUTION; FAMILIES chromosome-level genome assembly; coral; Montipora capitata; ploidy; Pocillopora acuta; Pocillopora meandrina; Porites compressa; Scleractinia; triploid Animals; Anthozoa; Coral Reefs; Ecosystem; Genome; Hawaii; chromosome protein; genomic DNA; adaptation; Article; biodiversity; chromosome; climate change; coral; coral reef; DNA extraction; ecosystem; environmental stress; eukaryote; genome; genome size; high throughput sequencing; histogram; illumina sequencing; nonhuman; physiological stress; ploidy; Pocillopora; Porites; prediction; quality control; RNA extraction; species conservation; triploidy; validation process; animal; Anthozoa; genetics; genome; Hawaii English 2022 2022 10.1093/gigascience/giac098 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
Review Regulation of drug transporters by microRNA and implications in disease treatment Background Transporters play crucial roles in the pharmacokinetics of drugs, consequently influencing efficacy and toxicity by unexpectedly altering drug concentrations. Epigenetic regulation by microRNAs (miRNAs) is a critical determinant of transporter function. Several miRNAs have been reported to regulate transporter expression via direct or indirect pathways, resulting in altered pharmacokinetics and drug responses. Area covered In this review, we provide an overview of the regulatory mechanisms of transporters, particularly with regard to clinically important transporters, via miRNAs and also summarize the associations between miRNAs and transporter expression. We also present clinical implications for miRNA-dependent alterations in transporter expression to highlight the importance of miRNAs in pharmacokinetics and drug responses. Expert opinion Available information on the implications of miRNAs in drug transporter have been mainly reported in cancers for ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters. Although solute carrier (SLC) transporters are essential for drug pharmacokinetics, information on the regulatory mechanisms of SLC transporters by miRNAs is still limited compared with ABC transporters. Additional information on the pharmacokinetic implications of the interplay between miRNAs and transporters is necessary for improving drug therapies; thus, investigations of the miRNA-dependent regulatory mechanisms of transporters and their implications need to be expanded to provide insights into safe and effective drug regimens. Chae, Yoon-Jee; Chang, Ji-Eun; Lee, Mi-Kyung; Lim, Juhee; Shin, Kwang-Hee; Lee, Kyeong-Ryoon Woosuk Univ, Coll Pharm, Jeollabuk Do 55338, South Korea; Dongduk Womens Univ, Coll Pharm, Seoul 02748, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Coll Pharm, Res Inst Pharmaceut Sci, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Korea Res Inst Biosci & Biotechnol, Lab Anim Resource Ctr, Cheongju 28116, South Korea 53463158200; 56143301100; 57203455283; 24166710700; 35216279300; 35409534300 kyeongrlee@kribb.re.kr; JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION J PHARM INVEST 2093-5552 2093-6214 52 1 SCIE PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY 2022 5.5 17.1 0.3 2025-06-25 7 7 Drug transporter; microRNA; Epigenetic regulation; ATP binding cassette transporter; Solute carrier transporter CANCER RESISTANCE PROTEIN; MODULATES MULTIDRUG-RESISTANCE; CELL LUNG-CANCER; BREAST-CANCER; OVARIAN-CANCER; DOWN-REGULATION; P-GLYCOPROTEIN; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; MDR1/P-GLYCOPROTEIN EXPRESSION; TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR ATP binding cassette transporter; Drug transporter; Epigenetic regulation; microRNA; Solute carrier transporter ABC transporter; microRNA; organic anion transporter; polypeptide; solute carrier protein; transcription factor; breast cancer; cancer resistance; drug efficacy; drug response; drug safety; drug transport; gene expression; gene overexpression; multidrug resistance; nonhuman; ovary cancer; overall survival; pharmacokinetics; regulatory mechanism; Review English 2022 2022-01 10.1007/s40005-021-00538-8 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
Article A Case Presenting with Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder and Infectious Polyradiculitis Following BNT162b2 Vaccination and COVID-19 A 37-year-old woman presented with paraparesis and paresthesia in both legs 19 and 3 days after BNT162b2 vaccination and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, respectively. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, nerve conduction study, electromyography, magnetic resonance imaging, and autoantibody tests were performed. Neurological examination showed hyperesthesia below the T7 level and markedly impaired bilateral leg weakness with absent deep tendon reflexes on the knees and ankles. CSF examination revealed polymorphonuclear dominant pleocytosis and elevated total protein levels. Enhancement of the pia mater in the lumbar spinal cord and positive sharp waves in the lumbar paraspinal muscles indicated infectious polyradiculitis. In contrast, a high signal intensity of intramedullary spinal cord on a T2-weighted image from C1 to conus medullaris and positive anti-aquaporin-4 antibody confirmed neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). The patient received intravenous methylprednisolone, antiviral agents, and antibiotics, followed by a tapering dose of oral prednisolone and azathioprine. Two months after treatment, she was ambulatory without assistance. The dual pathomechanism of NMOSD triggered by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination and polyradiculitis caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection may have caused atypical clinical findings in our patient. Therefore, physicians should remain alert and avoid overlooking the possibilities of diverse mechanisms associated with neurological manifestations after SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination. Kim, Youngho; Heo, Donghyun; Choi, Moonjeong; Lee, Jong-Mok Kyungpook Natl Univ Hosp, Dept Neurol, 130 Dongdeok Ro, Daegu 41944, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Med, 680 Gukchaebosang Ro, Daegu 41944, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, 680 Gukchaebosang Ro, Daegu 41944, South Korea ; Lee, Jong-Mok/KVY-9550-2024 57778218400; 57780262600; 57779914600; 57192075673 youngho1022@gmail.com;dhheo0525@naver.com;jennyjade@naver.com;azulmar@gmail.com; VACCINES VACCINES-BASEL 2076-393X 10 7 SCIE IMMUNOLOGY;MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL 2022 7.8 17.3 0.34 2025-06-25 3 3 SARS-CoV-2; polyradiculopathy; virus disease; anti-aquaporin-4 autoantibody; acute transverse myelitis; neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder acute transverse myelitis; anti-aquaporin-4 autoantibody; neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder; polyradiculopathy; SARS-CoV-2; virus disease aciclovir; antibiotic agent; antivirus agent; azathioprine; ceftriaxone; methylprednisolone; prednisolone; tozinameran; vancomycin; adult; ankle; article; Article; case report; cerebrospinal fluid analysis; clinical article; conus medullaris; coronavirus disease 2019; diffusion weighted imaging; electromyography; female; human; knee; lumbar spinal cord; myelooptic neuropathy; needle electromyography; nerve conduction; nuclear magnetic resonance imaging; paraplegia; paraspinal muscle; paresthesia; polymerase chain reaction; polyradiculitis; radiculopathy; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; tendon reflex; vaccination; weakness English 2022 2022-07 10.3390/vaccines10071028 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
Article Comparing SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Responses after Various COVID-19 Vaccinations in Healthcare Workers Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination began for healthcare workers in South Korea at the end of February 2021. This study investigated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody responses after various COVID-19 vaccinations in healthcare workers. Blood specimens of 497 vaccinated healthcare workers were collected. Inoculated vaccines were ChAdOx1 (AstraZeneca/Oxford), BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech), JNJ-78436735 (Janssen), and mRNA-1273 (Moderna). Each specimen was tested for antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 using Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S assay (Roche Diagnostics), SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant assay (Abbott), and R-FIND SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibody kit (SG medical Inc.). A questionnaire was used to investigate adverse events related to vaccination. We found that 99.5% of the subjects showed a 96-100% positive rate in all three antibody assays, regardless of the vaccine type. The antibody-positive rate of completed vaccination groups reached 96-100%, and antibody quantities significantly increased 2 weeks after vaccination. The antibody values measured approximately 3 months after BNT162b2 inoculation significantly correlated with adverse events. Kim, Yu-Kyung; Minn, Dohsik; Chang, Soon-Hee; Suh, Jang-Soo Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Med, Dept Clin Pathol, Daegu 41944, South Korea; Seegene Med Fdn, Dept Diagnost Immunol, Seoul 05548, South Korea 9237571900; 57223127194; 57222602055; 57201729629 kimyg@knu.ac.kr;dsmin@mf.seegene.com;marta10@hanmail.net;suhjs@knu.ac.kr; VACCINES VACCINES-BASEL 2076-393X 10 2 SCIE IMMUNOLOGY;MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL 2022 7.8 17.3 0.91 2025-06-25 7 8 COVID-19 vaccine; AstraZeneca-Oxford; Pfizer-BioNTech; neutralizing antibody; Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S assay; Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant assay Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant assay; AstraZeneca-Oxford; COVID-19 vaccine; Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S assay; Neutralizing antibody; Pfizer-BioNTech ad26.cov2.s vaccine; bnt 162 vaccine; immunoglobulin G; immunoglobulin M; neutralizing antibody; SARS-CoV-2 antibody; vaxzevria; adult; antibody response; antibody titer; Article; blood sampling; coronavirus disease 2019; electrochemiluminescence; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; female; health care personnel; hospitalization; human; immune response; immunoassay; inoculation; male; nonhuman; questionnaire; vaccination English 2022 2022-02 10.3390/vaccines10020193 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
Article Factors Involved in Removing the Non-Structural Protein of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus by Chloroform and Scale-Up Production of High-Purity Vaccine Antigens Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an economically important and highly infectious viral disease, predominantly controlled by vaccination. The removal of non-structural proteins (NSPs) is very important in the process of FMD vaccine production, because vaccinated and naturally infected animals can be distinguished by the presence of NSP antibodies in the FMD serological surveillance. A previous study reported that 3AB protein, a representative of NSPs, was removed by chloroform treatment. Therefore, in this study, the causes of 3AB removal and factors affecting the effect of chloroform were investigated. As a result, the effectiveness of chloroform differed depending on the virus production medium and was eliminated by detergents. In addition, it was found that 3AB protein removal by chloroform is due to the transmembrane domain of the N-terminal region (59-76 amino acid domain). Further, industrial applicability was verified by applying the chloroform treatment process to scale-up FMD vaccine antigen production. A novel downstream process using ultrafiltration instead of polyethylene glycol precipitation for high-purity FMD vaccine antigen production was established. This result will contribute toward simplifying the conventional process of manufacturing FMD vaccine antigens and ultimately reducing the time and cost of vaccine production. Park, Sun Young; Lee, Sim-In; Jin, Jong Sook; Kim, Eun-Sol; Kim, Jae Young; Kim, Ah-Young; Park, Sang Hyun; Park, Jung-Won; Park, Soonyong; Lee, Eun Gyo; Park, Jong-Hyeon; Ko, Young-Joon; Park, Choi-Kyu Anim & Plant Quarantine Agcy, Ctr FMD Vaccine Res, 177 Hyeoksin 8 Ro, Gimcheon Si 39660, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Coll Vet Med, Anim Dis Intervent Ctr, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Korea Res Inst Biosci & Biotechnol KRIBB, Bioproc Engn Ctr, 30 Yeongudanjiro Ochang Eup, Chungju Si 28116, South Korea ; Park, Sun-Young/B-4634-2014 55616559900; 57215039741; 22950662200; 57361789600; 57361996500; 7402063210; 57219557904; 57191268769; 57209806062; 57225886039; 55717103700; 35068343300; 24768064900 sun3730@korea.kr;lunark321@gmail.com;in75724@korea.kr;kesol13@hanmail.net;ivorikim@korea.kr;mochsha@korea.kr;shpark0205@korea.kr;parkjw6254@korea.kr;sypark@kribb.re.kr;eglee@kribb.re.kr;parkjhvet@korea.kr;koyoungjoon@korea.kr;parkck@knu.ac.kr; VACCINES VACCINES-BASEL 2076-393X 10 7 SCIE IMMUNOLOGY;MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL 2022 7.8 17.3 0.46 2025-06-25 4 4 foot-and-mouth disease virus; non-structural protein; vaccine purity; chloroform; scale-up INFECTION chloroform; foot-and-mouth disease virus; non-structural protein; scale-up; vaccine purity 3ab protein; aziridine; chloroform; detergent; high purity vaccine antigen; macrogol; membrane protein; monoclonal antibody; non structural protein; peptide antibody; sodium chloride; trometamol; unclassified drug; vaccine; viral nonstructural protein; amino terminal sequence; Article; bhk 200 cell line; BHK cell line; BHK-21 cell line; controlled study; downstream processing; foot and mouth disease; microfiltration; nucleotide sequence; radioimmunoprecipitation; scale up; serology; transmission electron microscopy; ultrafiltration; vaccination; vaccine production; Vero cell line; Western blotting English 2022 2022-07 10.3390/vaccines10071018 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
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Document Type 문헌의 유형을 나타냅니다. Article(원저), Review(리뷰), Proceeding Paper(학회논문), Editorial Material(편집자료), Letter(레터) 등으로 분류됩니다.
Title 논문의 제목입니다.
Abstract 논문의 초록(요약)입니다. 연구의 목적, 방법, 결과, 결론을 간략히 요약한 내용입니다.
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FWCI Field-Weighted Citation Impact. 분야별 가중 인용 영향력 지수입니다. 논문이 받은 인용을 동일 분야, 동일 연도, 동일 문헌 유형의 평균과 비교한 값입니다. 1.0이 평균이며, 1.0보다 높으면 평균 이상의 인용을 받았음을 의미합니다.
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Keywords (SCOPUS) 저자가 논문에서 직접 지정한 키워드입니다. SCOPUS에 등록된 저자 키워드 목록입니다.
KeywordsPlus (SCOPUS) SCOPUS에서 자동으로 추출하거나 추가한 색인 키워드입니다.
Language 논문이 작성된 언어입니다. 대부분 English이며, 그 외 다양한 언어로 작성된 논문이 포함될 수 있습니다.
Publication Year 논문이 출판된 연도입니다.
Publication Date 논문의 정확한 출판 날짜입니다 (년-월-일 형식).
DOI Digital Object Identifier. 디지털 객체 식별자로, 논문을 고유하게 식별하는 영구적인 식별번호입니다. 이를 통해 논문의 온라인 위치를 찾을 수 있습니다.