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| WoS | SCOPUS | Document Type | Document Title | Abstract | Authors | Affiliation | ResearcherID (WoS) | AuthorsID (SCOPUS) | Author Email(s) | Journal Name | JCR Abbreviation | ISSN | eISSN | Volume | Issue | WoS Edition | WoS Category | JCR Year | IF | JCR (%) | FWCI | FWCI Update Date | WoS Citation | SCOPUS Citation | Keywords (WoS) | KeywordsPlus (WoS) | Keywords (SCOPUS) | KeywordsPlus (SCOPUS) | Language | Publication Stage | Publication Year | Publication Date | DOI | JCR Link | DOI Link | WOS Link | SCOPUS Link |
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| ○ | ○ | Article | Waste Ox bone based heterogeneous catalyst synthesis, characterization, utilization and reaction kinetics of biodiesel generation from Jatropha curcas oil | The present investigation has been carried out to utilize waste animal (Ox) bone for the progress of an innovative, low-budget, pollution free, and extremely resourceful heterogeneous catalyst synthesis for Jatropha curcas oil (JCO) conversion into biodiesel. The heterogeneous catalyst synthesized was characterized by its basic strength and subjected to spectroscopic (Fourier TransformInfrared and X-Ray Diffraction) and thermogravimetric analyses. Also, the physical properties of produced biodiesel were studied. The calcined Ox bone catalyst characterization distinctly showed that there was a tremendous catalytic activity for biodiesel synthesis. The kinetic study was accomplished employing a tri-necked RB flask furnished with a condenser and agitator. At the agitation speed of 500 rpm, 5% catalyst loading rate (w/w) of oil and 12:1 methanol-oil ratio (molar), biodiesel yields were tracked based on reaction time (1-4 h) and temperature (313-338 K). The temperature at 338 K was found to be optimal to obtain maximum (96.82%) biodiesel yield. Pseudo-first order kinetics was followed in the reaction. The energy required for the activation (Ea) was 38.55 kJ mol-1 with a frequency factor (ko) of 7.03 x 106 h-1. The reusability studies demonstrated that the calcined animal bone catalyst was much stable up to three cycles with >90% FAME yield, which was reduced significantly (P < 0.05) to 61% in the fourth cycle. The outcome of this investigation brought to light the possibilities of utilizing calcined Ox bone catalyst and JCO as low-cost and frequently obtainable discarded waste materials that can be used as feedstock for the commercial scale of biodiesel to fulfill the demands. | Jayakumar, Mani; Gebeyehu, Kaleab Bizuneh; Selvakumar, Kuppusamy Vaithilingam; Parvathy, Subramanian; Kim, Woong; Karmegam, Natchimuthu | Haramaya Univ, Haramaya Inst Technol, Dept Chem Engn, Haramaya, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia; Dire Dawa Univ, Dire Dawa Univ Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Bio Engn, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia; Govt Arts Coll Autonomous, Dept Chem, Salem 636007, Tamil Nadu, India; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Govt Arts Coll Autonomous, Dept Bot, Salem 636007, Tamil Nadu, India | ; Karmegam, Natchimuthu/J-4745-2019; Vaithilingam, Selvakumar/AAW-3451-2021; Kuppusamy Vaithilingam, selvakumar/AAW-3451-2021; Natchimuthu, Karmegam/J-4745-2019; Mani, Jayakumar/AAU-8345-2021; Gebeyehu, Kaleab/CAG-4086-2022 | 57196512530; 57305645800; 36060277500; 57213191457; 55581636400; 6506043230 | elshine@knu.ac.kr;kanishkarmegam@gmail.com; | CHEMOSPHERE | CHEMOSPHERE | 0045-6535 | 1879-1298 | 288 | SCIE | ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES | 2022 | 8.8 | 10.7 | 3.42 | 2025-06-25 | 39 | 48 | Activation energy; Waste animal bone; Heterogeneous catalysts; Jatropha curcas oil; Reaction kinetics; Transesterification | COOKING OIL; SOLID CATALYST; ANIMAL BONE; TRANSESTERIFICATION; PALM; OPTIMIZATION; CHICKEN; GREEN | Activation energy; Heterogeneous catalysts; Jatropha curcas oil; Reaction kinetics; Transesterification; Waste animal bone | Biofuels; Jatropha; Kinetics; Physics; Prospective Studies; biofuel; Jatropha; kinetics; physics; prospective study | English | 2022 | 2022-02 | 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132534 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||
| ○ | Meeting Abstract | A DIFFERENT PET TEST: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PET OWNERSHIP AND PERITONITIS RISK IN THE PERITONEAL DIALYSIS OUTCOMES AND PRACTICE PATTERNS STUDY | Boudville, Neil; Mccullough, K. P.; Bieber, Brian; Pisoni, Ronald; Kanjanabuch, Talerngsak; Kawanishi, Hideki; Kim, Yong-Lim; Wilkie, Martin; Perl, Jeff | Univ Western Australia, Sch Med, Perth, WA, Australia; Arbor Res Collaborat Hlth, Ann Arbor, MI USA; Chulalongkorn Univ, Ctr Excellence Kidney Metab Disorders, Bangkok, Thailand; Tsuchiya Gen Hosp, Hiroshima, Japan; Kyungpook Natl Univ Hosp, Daegu, South Korea; Sheffield Teaching Hosp, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England; Univ Toronto, St Michaels Hosp, Toronto, ON, Canada | Kim, Yong-Lim/AGK-3172-2022; Boudville, Neil/H-8864-2014; McCullough, Keith/AAD-1071-2021 | NEPHROLOGY DIALYSIS TRANSPLANTATION | NEPHROL DIAL TRANSPL | 0931-0509 | 1460-2385 | 37 | SCIE | TRANSPLANTATION;UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY | 2022 | 6.1 | 10.8 | 0 | English | 2022 | 2022-05 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||||||||||||||||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Excessive osteoclast activation by osteoblast paracrine factor RANKL is a major cause of the abnormal long bone phenotype in Apert syndrome model mice | The fibroblast growth factor (FGF)/FGF receptor (FGFR) signaling pathway plays important roles in the development and growth of the skeleton. Apert syndrome caused by gain-of-function mutations of FGFR2 results in aberrant phenotypes of the skull, midface, and limbs. Although short limbs are representative features in patients with Apert syndrome, the causative mechanism for this limb defect has not been elucidated. Here we quantitatively confirmed decreases in the bone length, bone mineral density, and bone thickness in the Apert syndrome model of gene knock-in Fgfr2(S252W/+) (EIIA-Fgfr2(S252W/+)) mice. Interestingly, despite these bone defects, histological analysis showed that the endochondral ossification process in the mutant mice was similar to that in wild-type mice. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining revealed that trabecular bone loss in mutant mice was associated with excessive osteoclast activity despite accelerated osteogenic differentiation. We investigated the osteoblast-osteoclast interaction and found that the increase in osteoclast activity was due to an increase in the Rankl level of osteoblasts in mutant mice and not enhanced osteoclastogenesis driven by the activation of FGFR2 signaling in bone marrow-derived macrophages. Consistently, Col1a1-Fgfr2(S252W/+) mice, which had osteoblast-specific expression of Fgfr2 S252W, showed significant bone loss with a reduction of the bone length and excessive activity of osteoclasts was observed in the mutant mice. Taken together, the present study demonstrates that the imbalance in osteoblast and osteoclast coupling by abnormally increased Rankl expression in Fgfr2(S252W/+) mutant osteoblasts is a major causative mechanism for bone loss and short long bones in Fgfr2(S252W/+) mice. | Shin, Hye-Rim; Kim, Bong-Soo; Kim, Hyun-Jung; Yoon, Heein; Kim, Woo-Jin; Choi, Je-Yong; Ryoo, Hyun-Mo | Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Mol Genet & Dent Pharmacol, Sch Dent, 1 Gwanak Ro, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Seoul Natl Univ, Dent Res Inst, Seoul, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Biochem & Cell Biol, Cell & Matrix Res Inst,Sch Med, Skeletal Dis Anal Ctr,Korea Mouse Phenotyping Ctr, Daegu, South Korea | ; Choi, Je-Yong/AAR-7334-2021; Ryoo, Hyun-Mo/D-5839-2012; kim, woojin/HPG-7753-2023; Kim, Bong-Soo/L-4779-2013 | 56479679400; 55502652500; 57206210508; 57195284327; 57217161143; 7501391068; 7005485966 | hmryoo@snu.ac.kr; | JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY | J CELL PHYSIOL | 0021-9541 | 1097-4652 | 237 | 4 | SCIE | CELL BIOLOGY;PHYSIOLOGY | 2022 | 5.6 | 10.8 | 0.73 | 2025-06-25 | 9 | 7 | Apert syndrome; FGFR2; long bone; osteoblast-osteoclast interaction; Rankl | GROWTH-FACTOR RECEPTOR-1; PROTEIN-KINASE-C; OSTEOGENIC DIFFERENTIATION; SOLUBLE FORM; MOUSE MODEL; EXPRESSION; FGF; INHIBITION; MUTATION; RUNX2 | Apert syndrome; FGFR2; long bone; osteoblast–osteoclast interaction; Rankl | Acrocephalosyndactylia; Animals; Cell Differentiation; Humans; Mice; Osteoblasts; Osteoclasts; Osteogenesis; Phenotype; Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2; Skull; colecalciferol; collagen type 10; cycline; fibroblast growth factor receptor 2; fibroblast growth factor receptor 3; osteoclast differentiation factor; prostaglandin E2; STAT1 protein; fibroblast growth factor receptor 2; acrocephalosyndactyly; animal cell; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; Article; bone defect; bone density; bone growth; bone length; bone marrow derived macrophage; bone mass; bone remodeling; bone tissue; bone volume; calvaria; cell differentiation; cell interaction; cell isolation; chondrocyte; controlled study; cortical thickness (bone); enchondral ossification; epiphysis plate; female; gain of function mutation; genetic background; histology; homeostasis; intracellular signaling; long bone; male; micro-computed tomography; mouse; nonhuman; ossification; osteoblast; osteoclast; osteoclast activity; osteoclastogenesis; osteolysis; paracrine signaling; postnatal growth; primary cell; proximal tibia; real time polymerase chain reaction; tibia; trabecular bone; trabecular number; trabecular thickness; acrocephalosyndactyly; animal; bone development; genetics; human; metabolism; pathology; phenotype; skull | English | 2022 | 2022-04 | 10.1002/jcp.30682 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | |
| ○ | ○ | Article | Synthesis and biological evaluation of tyrosine derivatives as peripheral 5HT2A receptor antagonists for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease | Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), attributed to excessive fat accumulation in the liver, is reportedly prevalent worldwide. NAFLD is one of the leading causes of chronic liver disease, including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, and hepatic cellular carcinoma (HCC). The peripheral roles of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5HT) were found to regulate hepatic lipid metabolism. Among serotonin receptor subtypes, 5HT(2A) receptor is known to regulate hepatic lipid metabolism. Hepatic lipid accumulation and hepatic triglyceride (TG) were reduced in liver-specific 5HT(2A) receptor knockout (5HT(2A) receptor LKO) mice upon high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. In the present study, we explored a series of new peripherally acting 5HT(2A) receptor antagonists. Compound 14a displayed good in vitro activity, with an IC50 value of 0.17 nM. Compound 14a exhibited good microsomal stability, no significant CYP and hERG inhibition, and 5HT receptor subtype selectivity. The brain-to-plasma ratio of 14a was below the lower limit of quantification, indicating limited blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration. HFD-fed 14a treated mice showed decreased liver steatosis and lobular inflammation. These results demonstrate the potential of newly synthesized peripheral 5HT(2A) receptor antagonists for treating NAFLD. | Kim, Minhee; Choi, Wonil; Yoon, Jihyeon; Jeong, Byung-kwan; Pagire, Suvarna H.; Pagire, Haushabhau S.; Park, Jungsun; Nam, Jung Eun; Oh, Chang Joo; Jeon, Jae-Han; Kim, Seong Soon; Lee, Byung Hoi; Song, Jin Sook; Bae, Myung Ae; Lee, In-Kyu; Kim, Hail; Ahn, Jin Hee | Gwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Gwangju 61005, South Korea; Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Grad Sch Med Sci & Engn, Daejeon 34141, South Korea; Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Biomed Sci & Engn Interdisciplinary Program, Daejeon 34141, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ Hosp, Leading Edge Res Ctr Drug Discovery & Dev Diabet, Daegu, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Kyungpook Natl Univ Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Daegu 700721, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Med, Daegu 700721, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Kyungpook Natl Univ Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Daegu, South Korea; Korea Res Inst Chem Technol, Bio & Drug Discovery Div, Daejeon, South Korea; JD Biosci, 208 Cheomdan Dwagiro, Gwangju 61005, South Korea | ; CHOI, WON/J-1665-2012; Kim, Seong Soon/IZE-2538-2023; Ahn, Jin/C-6122-2019; Lee, In-Kyu/AAR-6374-2021; Kim, Hail/C-5608-2018 | 57723465700; 57191264924; 57216544129; 57194457149; 56716279400; 55599893000; 57202138500; 57758761300; 59826989700; 36910340400; 57194944619; 18042420500; 57211755720; 7005711682; 36071537600; 7410126420; 56714432600 | hailkim@kaist.ac.kr;jhahn@gist.ac.kr; | EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY | EUR J MED CHEM | 0223-5234 | 1768-3254 | 239 | SCIE | CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL | 2022 | 6.7 | 10.8 | 0.75 | 2025-06-25 | 7 | 7 | Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); Serotonin receptor 2A (5HT2A receptor); Blood-brain barrier (BBB); Treatment; Antagonist | SEROTONIN | Antagonist; Blood-brain barrier (BBB); Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); Serotonin receptor 2A (5HT2A receptor); Treatment | Animals; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Diet, High-Fat; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Serotonin; Tyrosine; 2 amino 3 [4 [3 [4 (6 fluorobenzo[d]isoxazol 3 yl)piperidin 1 yl]propoxy]phenyl]propanoic acid; cytochrome P450; serotonin 2A antagonist; serotonin receptor; triacylglycerol; tyrosine derivative; unclassified drug; serotonin; tyrosine; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; Article; blood brain barrier; brain-to-plasma ratio; controlled study; drug screening; drug synthesis; fatty liver; IC50; in vitro study; inflammation; limit of quantitation; lipid diet; lipid liver level; lipid metabolism; lipid storage; liver cell; male; metabolic stability; mouse; nonalcoholic fatty liver; nonhuman; adverse event; animal; C57BL mouse; liver; liver cell carcinoma; liver tumor; metabolism; nonalcoholic fatty liver; pathology | English | 2022 | 2022-09-05 | 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114517 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Synthesis of Cs2TeI6 thin film and its NO2 gas-sensing properties under blue-light illumination | In this study, a thin film of Cs2TeI6 perovskite with a thickness of 1.27 mm was prepared on a glass substrate via a non-solution process. The characteristics of the material such as phase structure, morphology, optical absorption were studied. The gas-sensing properties of the Cs2TeI6-based sensor were investigated at 25 degrees C using various gases under illumination of a 450-nm laser. Under the blue-light illumination, the sensor exhibited good selectivity toward NO2 gas, with a very low limit of detection of 25 ppb and responsivity of 4.4% toward 1 ppm NO2. The NO2-sensing mechanism was proposed and discussed in term of a surface depletion model. The effects of light intensity, light wavelength, humidity, and long-term duration on NO2-sensing performances were further studied, showing its potential for application into NO2 gas sensors at room temperature. (c) 2021 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. | Phung Dinh Hoat; Yun, Yeonghun; Park, ByungJin; Pham Tien Hung; Vu Xuan Hien; Lee, Joon-Hyung; Lee, Sangwook; Heo, Young-Woo | Kyungpook Natl Univ KNU, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Le Quy Don Tech Univ, Dept Phys, 236 Hoang Quoc Viet St, Hanoi, Vietnam; Hanoi Univ Sci & Technol HUST, Sch Engn Phys, 01 Dai Co Viet St, Hanoi, Vietnam; Kyungpook Natl Univ, KNU Adv Mat Res Inst, Daegu 41566, South Korea | Yun, Yeonghun/KRP-9208-2024; Xuan, Hien/AAF-7020-2019; Lee, Sangwook/O-9166-2015; Hung, pham/ABF-3792-2021 | 57209732166; 57202548363; 57212303331; 57194216208; 54408588700; 57204923460; 57203597324; 7004298542 | ywheo@knu.ac.kr; | SCRIPTA MATERIALIA | SCRIPTA MATER | 1359-6462 | 1872-8456 | 207 | SCIE | MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING;NANOSCIENCE & NANOTECHNOLOGY | 2022 | 6 | 10.8 | 1.9 | 2025-06-25 | 22 | 22 | Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method; Halide perovskite; Cs2TeI6; NO2 gas sensor; Visible-illuminated gas sensor at room temperature (RT) | GAS-SENSING PROPERTIES; NO2; SENSORS; OXIDE; STABILITY; PEROVSKITES; HUMIDITY; GLASSES; XPS; CS | Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method; Cs<sub>2</sub>TeI<sub>6</sub>; Halide perovskite; NO<sub>2</sub> gas sensor; Visible-illuminated gas sensor at room temperature (RT) | Acetone; Chemical detection; Chemical sensors; Chemical vapor deposition; Film thickness; Gas detectors; Morphology; Nitrogen oxides; Perovskite; Tellurium compounds; Thin films; Blue light; Chemical vapor deposition methods; Gas sensing properties; Gas-sensors; Halide perovskites; Light illumination; NO2 gas sensor; Thin-films; Visible-illuminated gas sensor at room temperature; Substrates | English | 2022 | 2022-01-15 | 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2021.114305 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||
| ○ | ○ | Article | A Universal Power-law Prescription for Variability from Synthetic Images of Black Hole Accretion Flows | We present a framework for characterizing the spatiotemporal power spectrum of the variability expected from the horizon-scale emission structure around supermassive black holes, and we apply this framework to a library of general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations and associated general relativistic ray-traced images relevant for Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observations of Sgr A*. We find that the variability power spectrum is generically a red-noise process in both the temporal and spatial dimensions, with the peak in power occurring on the longest timescales and largest spatial scales. When both the time-averaged source structure and the spatially integrated light-curve variability are removed, the residual power spectrum exhibits a universal broken power-law behavior. On small spatial frequencies, the residual power spectrum rises as the square of the spatial frequency and is proportional to the variance in the centroid of emission. Beyond some peak in variability power, the residual power spectrum falls as that of the time-averaged source structure, which is similar across simulations; this behavior can be naturally explained if the variability arises from a multiplicative random field that has a steeper high-frequency power-law index than that of the time-averaged source structure. We briefly explore the ability of power spectral variability studies to constrain physical parameters relevant for the GRMHD simulations, which can be scaled to provide predictions for black holes in a range of systems in the optically thin regime. We present specific expectations for the behavior of the M87* and Sgr A* accretion flows as observed by the EHT. | Georgiev, Boris; Pesce, Dominic W.; Broderick, Avery E.; Wong, George N.; Dhruv, Vedant; Wielgus, Maciek; Gammie, Charles F.; Chan, Chi-kwan; Chatterjee, Koushik; Emami, Razieh; Mizuno, Yosuke; Gold, Roman; Fromm, Christian M.; Ricarte, Angelo; Yoon, Doosoo; Joshi, Abhishek, V; Prather, Ben; Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro; Johnson, Michael D.; Porth, Oliver; Olivares, Hector; Younsi, Ziri; Rezzolla, Luciano; Vos, Jesse; Qiu, Richard; Nathanail, Antonios; Narayan, Ramesh; Chael, Andrew; Anantua, Richard; Moscibrodzka, Monika; Akiyama, Kazunori; Alberdi, Antxon; Alef, Walter; Algaba, Juan Carlos; Asada, Keiichi; Azulay, Rebecca; Bach, Uwe; Baczko, Anne-Kathrin; Ball, David; Balokovic, Mislav; Barrett, John; Baubock, Michi; Benson, Bradford A.; Bintley, Dan; Blackburn, Lindy; Blundell, Raymond; Bouman, Katherine L.; Bower, Geoffrey C.; Boyce, Hope; Bremer, Michael; Brinkerink, Christiaan D.; Brissenden, Roger; Britzen, Silke; Broguiere, Dominique; Bronzwaer, Thomas; Bustamante, Sandra; Byun, Do-Young; Carlstrom, John E.; Ceccobello, Chiara; Chatterjee, Shami; Chen, Ming-Tang; Chen, Yongjun; Cheng, Xiaopeng; Cho, Ilje; Christian, Pierre; Conroy, Nicholas S.; Conway, John E.; Cordes, James M.; Crawford, Thomas M.; Crew, Geoffrey B.; Cui, Yuzhu; Davelaar, Jordy; De Laurentis, Mariafelicia; Deane, Roger; Dempsey, Jessica; Desvignes, Gregory; Dexter, Jason; Doeleman, Sheperd S.; Dougal, Sean; Dzib, Sergio A.; Eatough, Ralph P.; Falcke, Heino; Farah, Joseph; Fish, Vincent L.; Fomalont, Ed; Ford, H. Alyson; Fraga-Encinas, Raquel; Freeman, William T.; Friberg, Per; Fuentes, Antonio; Galison, Peter; Garcia, Roberto; Gentaz, Olivier; Goddi, Ciriaco; Gomez-Ruiz, Arturo, I; Gomez, Jose L.; Gu, Minfeng; Gurwell, Mark; Hada, Kazuhiro; Haggard, Daryl; Haworth, Kari; Hecht, Michael H.; Hesper, Ronald; Heumann, Dirk; Ho, Luis C.; Ho, Paul; Honma, Mareki; Huang, Chih-Wei L.; Huang, Lei; Hughes, David H.; Ikeda, Shiro; Impellizzeri, C. M. Violette; Inoue, Makoto; Issaoun, Sara; James, David J.; Jannuzi, Buell T.; Janssen, Michael; Jeter, Britton; Jiang, Wu; Jimenez-Rosales, Alejandra; Jorstad, Svetlana; Jung, Taehyun; Karami, Mansour; Karuppusamy, Ramesh; Kawashima, Tomohisa; Keating, Garrett K.; Kettenis, Mark; Kim, Dong-Jin; Kim, Jae-Young; Kim, Jongsoo; Kim, Junhan; Kino, Motoki; Koay, Jun Yi; Kocherlakota, Prashant; Kofuji, Yutaro; Koch, Patrick M.; Koyama, Shoko; Kramer, Carsten; Kramer, Michael; Krichbaum, Thomas P.; Kuo, Cheng-Yu; La Bella, Noemi; Lauer, Tod R.; Lee, Daeyoung; Lee, Sang-Sung; Lehner, Luis; Leung, Po Kin; Levis, Aviad; Li, Zhiyuan; Lico, Rocco; Lindahl, Greg; Lindqvist, Michael; Lisakov, Mikhail; Liu, Jun; Liu, Kuo; Liuzzo, Elisabetta; Lo, Wen-Ping; Lobanov, Andrei P.; Loinard, Laurent; Lonsdale, Colin J.; Lu, Ru-Sen; Mao, Jirong; Marchili, Nicola; Markoff, Sera; Marrone, Daniel P.; Marscher, Alan P.; Marti-Vidal, Ivan; Matsushita, Satoki; Matthews, Lynn D.; Menten, Karl M.; Michalik, Daniel; Mizuno, Izumi; Moran, James M.; Moriyama, Kotaro; Muller, Cornelia; Mus, Alejandro; Musoke, Gibwa; Myserlis, Ioannis; Nadolski, Andrew; Nagai, Hiroshi; Nagar, Neil M.; Nakamura, Masanori; Narayanan, Gopal; Natarajan, Iniyan; Fuentes, Santiago Navarro; Neilsen, Joey; Neri, Roberto; Ni, Chunchong; Noutsos, Aristeidis; Nowak, Michael A.; Oh, Junghwan; Okino, Hiroki; Ortiz-Leon, Gisela N.; Oyama, Tomoaki; Palumbo, Daniel C. M.; Paraschos, Georgios Filippos; Park, Jongho; Parsons, Harriet; Patel, Nimesh; Pen, Ue-Li; Pietu, Vincent; Plambeck, Richard; PopStefanija, Aleksandar; Potzl, Felix M.; Preciado-Lopez, Jorge A.; Pu, Hung-Yi; Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh; Rao, Ramprasad; Rawlings, Mark G.; Raymond, Alexander W.; Ripperda, Bart; Roelofs, Freek; Rogers, Alan; Ros, Eduardo; Romero-Canizales, Cristina; Roshanineshat, Arash; Rottmann, Helge; Roy, Alan L.; Ruiz, Ignacio; Ruszczyk, Chet; Rygl, Kazi L. J.; Sanchez, Salvador; Sanchez-Arguelles, David; Sanchez-Portal, Miguel; Sasada, Mahito; Satapathy, Kaushik; Savolainen, Tuomas; Schloerb, F. Peter; Schonfeld, Jonathan; Schuster, Karl-Friedrich; Shao, Lijing; Shen, Zhiqiang; Small, Des; Sohn, Bong Won; SooHoo, Jason; Souccar, Kamal; Sun, He; Tazaki, Fumie; Tetarenko, Alexandra J.; Tiede, Paul; Tilanus, Remo P. J.; Titus, Michael; Torne, Pablo; Traianou, Efthalia; Trent, Tyler; Trippe, Sascha; Turk, Matthew; van Bemmel, Ilse; van Langevelde, Huib Jan; van Rossum, Daniel R.; Wagner, Jan; Ward-Thompson, Derek; Wardle, John; Weintroub, Jonathan; Wex, Norbert; Wharton, Robert; Wiik, Kaj; Witzel, Gunther; Wondrak, Michael F.; Wu, Qingwen; Yamaguchi, Paul; Young, Andre; Young, Ken; Yuan, Feng; Yuan, Ye-Fei; Zensus, J. Anton; Zhang, Shuo; Zhao, Guang-Yao; Zhao, Shan-Shan | Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys & Astron, 200 Univ Ave, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; Univ Waterloo, Waterloo Ctr Astrophys, 200 Univ Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; Perimeter Inst Theoret Phys, 31 Caroline St N, Waterloo, ON N2L 2Y5, Canada; Ctr Astrophys Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA; Harvard Univ, Black Hole Initiat, 20 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA; Inst Adv Study, Sch Nat Sci, 1 Einstein Dr, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA; Princeton Univ, Princeton Grav Initiat, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA; Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, 1110 West Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA; Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Hugel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany; Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, 1002 West Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA; Univ Illinois, NCSA, 1205 W Clark St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA; Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA; Univ Arizona, Dept Astron, 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA; Univ Arizona, Data Sci Inst, 1230 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA; Univ Arizona, Program Appl Math, 617 N Santa Rita, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA; Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Tsung Dao Lee Inst, Shengrong Rd 520, Shanghai 201210, Peoples R China; Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China; Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Theoret Phys, Max von Laue Str 1, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany; Univ Southern Denmark, CP3 Origins, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark; Univ Wurzburg, Inst Theoret Phys & Astrophys, Emil Fischer Str 31, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany; Univ Amsterdam, Anton Pannekoek Inst Astron, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands; Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Inst Math Astrophys & Particle Phys IMAPP, Dept Astrophys, POB 9010, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands; Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England; Frankfurt Inst Adv Studies, Ruth Moufang Str 1, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany; Trinity Coll Dublin, Sch Math, Dublin 2, Ireland; Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, 17 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA; Harvard Univ, John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci, 29 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA; Natl & Kapodistrian Univ Athens, Dept Phys, GR-15783 Zografos, Greece; Princeton Univ, Princeton Ctr Theoret Sci, Jadwin Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA; NASA Hubble Fellowship Program, Washington, DC USA; Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Phys & Astron, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA; MIT, Haystack Observ, 99 Millstone Rd, Westford, MA 01886 USA; Natl Astron Observ Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan; CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, Glorieta Astron S-N, E-18008 Granada, Spain; Univ Malaya, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, 11F Astron Math Bldg,AS NTU 1,Sec 4,Roosevelt Rd, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; Univ Valencia, Dept Astron & Astrofis, C Dr Moliner 50, E-46100 Valencia, Spain; Univ Valencia, Observ Astron, C Catedrat Jose Beltran 2, E-46980 Valencia, Spain; Yale Univ, Yale Ctr Astron & Astrophys, 52 Hillhouse Ave, New Haven, CT 06511 USA; Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, MS209,POB 500, Batavia, MS USA; Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 5640 South Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA; East Asian Observ, 660 N Aohoku Pl, Hilo, HI 96720 USA; James Clerk Maxwell Telescope JCMT, 660 N Aohoku Pl, Hilo, HI 96720 USA; CALTECH, 1200 East Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA; Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, 645 N Aohoku Pl, Hilo, HI 96720 USA; Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Phys & Astron, 2505 Correa Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA; McGill Univ, Dept Phys, 3600 Rue Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada; McGill Univ, McGill Space Inst, 3550 Rue Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2A7, Canada; Inst Radioastron Millimetr IRAM, 300 Rue Piscine, F-38406 St Martin Dheres, France; Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA; Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst, Daedeok Daero 776, Daejeon 34055, South Korea; Univ Sci & Technol, Gajeong Ro 217, Daejeon 34113, South Korea; Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, 5640 South Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA; Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, 5720 South Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA; Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, 5640 South Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA; Chalmers Univ Technol, Dept Space Earth & Environm, Onsala Space Observ, SE-43992 Onsala, Sweden; Cornell Univ, Cornell Ctr Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA; Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Astron Observ, 80 Nandan Rd, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China; Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Radio Astron, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China; Fairfield Univ, Phys Dept, 1073 North Benson Rd, Fairfield, CT 06824 USA; Mizusawa VLBI Observ, Natl Astron Observ Japan, 2-12 Hoshigaoka, Oshu, Iwate 0230861, Japan; Grad Univ Adv Studies SOKENDAI, Dept Astron Sci, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan; Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, 550 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA; Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, 550 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA; Flatiron Inst, Ctr Computat Astrophys, 162 Fifth Ave, New York, NY 10010 USA; Univ Napoli Federico II, Compl Univ Monte S Angelo, Dipartimento Fis E Pancini, Edificio G,Via Cinthia, I-80126 Naples, Italy; Compl Univ Monte S Angelo, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Napoli, Edificio G,Via Cinthia, I-80126 Naples, Italy; Univ Witwatersrand, Wits Ctr Astrophys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa; Univ Pretoria, Dept Phys, ZA-0028 Pretoria, South Africa; Rhodes Univ, Ctr Radio Astron Tech & Technol, Dept Phys & Elect, ZA-6140 Makhanda, South Africa; ASTRON, Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4, NL-7991 PD Dwingeloo, Netherlands; Univ Paris, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS, LESIA,Observ Paris,Univ PSL, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France; Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observ, 20A Datun Rd, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China; Cumbres Observ, 6740 Cortona Dr,Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117 USA; Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA; Natl Radio Astron Observ, 520 Edgemont Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA; MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, 32-D476,77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA; Google Res, 355 Main St, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA; Harvard Univ, Dept Hist Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA; Univ Cagliari, Dipartimento Fis, SP Monserrato Sestu Km 0-7, I-09042 Monserrato, Italy; INAF Osservatorio Astron Cagliari, Via Sci 5, I-09047 Selargius, CA, Italy; Inst Nacl Astrofis Opt & Electr, Apartado Postal 51 & 216, Puebla 72000, Pue, Mexico; Consejo Nacl Ciencia & Technol, Av Insurgentes Sur 1582, Ciudad De Mexico 03940, Mexico; Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Res Galaxies & Cosmol, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China; Univ Groningen, Kapteyn Astron Inst, NOVA Sub Mm Instrumentat Grp, Landleven 12, NL-9747 AD Groningen, Netherlands; Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Dept Astron, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China; Peking Univ, Kavli Inst Astron & Astrophys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China; Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Astron, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan; Inst Stat Math, 10-3 Midori Cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 1908562, Japan; Grad Univ Adv Studies SOKENDAI, Dept Stat Sci, 10-3 Midori Cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 1908562, Japan; Univ Tokyo, Kavli Inst Phys & Math Universe, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778583, Japan; Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, Postbus 2300, NL-9513 RA Leiden, Netherlands; ASTRAVEO LLC, POB 1668, Gloucester, MA 01931 USA; Boston Univ, Inst Astrophys Res, 725 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA; Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan; Joint Inst VLBI ERIC JIVE, Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4, NL-7991 PD Dwingeloo, Netherlands; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Astron & Atmospher Sci, Daegu 702701, South Korea; Kogakuin Univ Technol & Engn, Acad Support Ctr, 2665-1 Nakano, Hachioji, Tokyo 1920015, Japan; Niigata Univ, Nishi Ku, 8050 Ikarashi Nino Cho, Niigata 9502181, Japan; Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Phys Dept, 70 Lien Hai Rd, Kaosiung City 80424, Taiwan; Natl Opt Astron Observ, 950 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA; Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Phys, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China; Nanjing Univ, Sch Astron & Space Sci, Nanjing 210023, Peoples R China; Nanjing Univ, Key Lab Modern Astron & Astrophys, Nanjing 210023, Peoples R China; INAF Ist Radioastron, Via P Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy; Italian ALMA Reg Ctr, Via P Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy; Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Phys, 1,Sect 4,Roosevelt Rd, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Radioastron & Astrofis, Morelia 58089, Michoacan, Mexico; Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Apdo Postal 70-264, Ciudad De Mexico, Mexico; Chinese Acad Sci, Yunnan Observ, Kunming 650011, Yunnan, Peoples R China; Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Astron Megasci, 20A Datun Rd, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China; Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Struct & Evolut Celestial Objects, Kunming 650011, Yunnan, Peoples R China; Univ Amsterdam, Gravitat & Astroparticle Phys Amsterdam GRAPPA In, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands; European Space Res & Technol Ctr ESA ESTEC, Directorate Sci, Sci Support Off, Keplerlaan 1, NL-2201 AZ Noordwijk, Netherlands; Inst Radioastron Millimetr IRAM, Ave Divina Pastora 7,Local 20, E-18012 Granada, Spain; Univ Concepcion, Astron Dept, Casilla 160-C, Concepcion, Chile; Hachinohe Coll, Natl Inst Technol, 16-1 Uwanotai, Hachinohe, Aomori 0391192, Japan; South African Radio Astron Observ, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa; Villanova Univ, Mendel Sci Ctr, Rm 263B,800 E Lancaster Ave, Villanova, PA 19085 USA; Washington Univ, Phys Dept, CB 1105, St Louis, MO 63130 USA; Sejong Univ, 209 Neungdong Ro, Seoul, South Korea; Univ Toronto, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, 60 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada; Univ Toronto, Dunlap Inst Astron & Astrophys, 50 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada; Canadian Inst Adv Res, 180 Dundas St W, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada; Univ Calif Berkeley, Radio Astron Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA; Univ Coll Cork, Dept Phys, Kane Bldg,Coll Rd, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland; Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Dept Phys, 88,Sec 4,Tingzhou Rd, Taipei 116, Taiwan; Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Ctr Astron & Gravitat, 88,Sec 4,Tingzhou Rd, Taipei 116, Taiwan; Univ Turku, Finnish Ctr Astron, ESO, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; Aalto Univ, Metsahovi Radio Observ, Metsahovintie 114, FI-02540 Kylmala, Finland; Gemini Observ NSF NOIRLab, 670 N Aohoku Pl, Hilo, HI 96720 USA; Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA; Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro Ku, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Tokyo 1528551, Japan; Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan; Aalto Univ, Dept Elect & Nanoengn, PL 15500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland; Yonsei Univ, Dept Astron, Yonsei Ro 50, Seoul 03722, South Korea; Texas Tech Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA; Netherlands Org Sci Res NWO, Postbus 93138, NL-2509 AC The Hague, Netherlands; Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA; Univ Cent Lancashire, Jeremiah Horrocks Inst, Preston PR1 2HE, Lancs, England; Brandeis Univ, Phys Dept, 415 South St, Waltham, MA 02453 USA; Univ Turku, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuorla Observ, Turku, Finland; Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Phys, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, Peoples R China; Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Sch Astron & Space Sci, 19A Yuquan Rd, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China; Univ Sci & Technol China, Astron Dept, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China; Bard Coll, 30 Campus Rd, Annandale On Hudson, NY 12504 USA; Villanova Univ, Dept Phys, 800 Lancaster Ave, Villanova, PA 19085 USA | Bloch, Michael/O-7845-2017; huang, lei/GQP-8739-2022; Kim, Junhan/LTZ-1683-2024; Zamorano, Jose/ABU-6635-2022; Kim, Jae-Young/IUO-6466-2023; Cheng, Xiaopeng/ABX-5356-2022; Zhao, Guang-Yao/AAA-7324-2019; Lee, Dae-Young/AAI-6981-2020; Bower, Geoffrey/ABC-8386-2020; Ho, Paul/AAZ-5108-2020; Liu, Kuo/AAM-1431-2021; Ceccobello, Chiara/AAD-4283-2022; Impellizzeri, Violette/JQW-3813-2023; Chen, Ming-Tang/ABC-7461-2020; Lisakov, Mikhail/JAX-3277-2023; Koay, Jun Yi/E-4952-2015; Koay, Jun/E-4952-2015; Moriyama, Kotaro/NGQ-8643-2025; Wagner, Jan/LTZ-8501-2024; Fuentes, Antonio/R-3900-2019; Chatterjee, Shami/AAE-8374-2022; li, zhiyuan/HGD-9581-2022; Cui, Yuzhu/MBG-4427-2025; Loinard, Laurent/MCX-8116-2025; Nguyen, Chi/GZG-5146-2022; Sanchez-Portal, Miguel/AAB-5014-2019; Lobanov, Andrei/G-5891-2014; Jorstad, Svetlana/AAM-3279-2021; Lico, Rocco/L-8308-2019; Barrett, John/K-8867-2014; Turk, Matthew/GXV-9589-2022; Gold, Roman/AAX-5851-2021; Shao, Lijing/GRO-6046-2022; Sasada, Mahito/ABD-5766-2020; Li, Juanjuan/J-3914-2017; Park, Jongho/JFB-2747-2023; Kawashima, Tomohisa/GYD-8953-2022; Pesce, Dominic/AAX-6358-2021; Koch, Patrick/AAV-3373-2021; Goddi, Ciriaco/AAN-4033-2021; Torne, Pablo/MIP-4319-2025; Olivares Sanchez, Hector Raul/KWU-1646-2024; Pen, Ue-Li/AAX-6083-2021; 浅田圭一, Keiichi/ABC-2456-2020; Johnson, Matthew/B-6276-2015; Wong, George/AAL-1016-2021; Algaba, Juan Carlos/AAB-4526-2022; Cho, Ilje/LSL-5339-2024; Matsushita, Satoki/ABD-5562-2020; Azulay, Rebecca/U-2560-2017; shuo, zhang/KGM-7804-2024; Asada, Keiichi/ABC-2456-2020; Bach, Udo/F-3880-2012; Ros, Eduardo/B-1014-2015; Mellon, Michael/C-3456-2016; Ikeda, Shiro/E-1736-2016; Rezzolla, Luciano/JPK-1036-2023; Falcke, Heino/H-5262-2012; Olivares, Hector/KWU-1646-2024; nagar, neil/AAG-4543-2020; Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh/C-8628-2017; ho, paul/AAZ-5108-2020; Lee, Sang-Sung/AFS-2722-2022; Rao, Ramprasad/L-2115-2017; Wielgus, Maciek/JEF-6647-2023; Schuster, Karling/JMP-9441-2023; Kramer, Michael/KLY-3270-2024; Sanchez, David/KIH-3142-2024; Baczko, Anne-Kathrin/AAW-2724-2020; Myserlis, Ioannis/MCY-5944-2025; Kino, Motoki/LQK-9129-2024; Lisakov, Mikhail/M-6034-2013; Cruz Osorio, Alejandro/GQQ-8823-2022 | 57208321607; 56514065800; 7005699469; 57208320165; 57204917506; 52164611300; 7003953073; 36984595000; 56714950900; 36052830400; 15070911300; 55504461000; 39561175700; 55837375900; 54384535700; 57204791680; 57208317879; 36343331100; 57213466094; 36237801500; 57190762698; 55347813900; 59814638100; 57220895149; 57223734038; 55969636900; 35504002700; 55324722200; 34876318600; 57203337908; 55669706400; 7004247728; 6603338811; 25640916000; 7102181737; 55974067100; 8356678200; 57191172071; 57191854254; 55441118000; 57221919962; 55279774300; 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15521109400; 7004435256; 57208320592; 57211839957; 57208316658; 56021813700; 56678336600; 7403068909; 7004265198; 57194461089; 57193435506; 57113392000; 7402815984; 7102531000; 26666313200; 57190127327; 36816303500; 8791509900; 57208321142; 14012249000; 18435453100; 57196907740; 54389941800; 6602969503; 23986018200; 57344402000; 7003371610; 55663305800; 57192669640; 55952822800; 25652194300; 7403324447; 57208321653; 25628978700; 44561693800; 6602795601; 57192429990; 43361892500; 56658751100; 56657947900; 6701628482; 7007019201; 57190767230; 57204824800; 57208316147; 8559107900; 24077308500; 6602323834; 6603776865; 36057630500; 55236056100; 7004002583; 36613480200; 23487579300; 6603048295; 55262937300; 7004299975; 24833754300; 57189852229; 57207446777; 56721395200; 56221262400; 7402601128; 57203725419; 35185850600; 7004929291; 55767566800; 55478882500; 55877039000 | ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS | ASTROPHYS J LETT | 2041-8205 | 2041-8213 | 930 | 2 | SCIE | ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS | 2022 | 7.9 | 10.9 | 2.6 | 2025-06-25 | 32 | 31 | SAGITTARIUS A-ASTERISK; MAGNETICALLY ARRESTED ACCRETION; TELESCOPE RESULTS. VI.; GALACTIC-CENTER; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS; INTRADAY VARIABILITY; GRMHD SIMULATIONS; M87; MILLIMETER; SHADOW | English | 2022 | 2022-05-01 | 10.3847/2041-8213/ac65eb | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | |||||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Adsorptive removal of carbamazepine and ibuprofen from aqueous solution using a defective Zr-based metal-organic framework | In order to protect human health, animals, and the environment, it is essential to eliminate pharmaceutical substances like carbamazepine (CBZ) and ibuprofen (IBU) from water. Herein, the adsorption of CBZ and IBU was investigated from water using a Zr-based metal-organic framework (MOF). UiO-67(Zr)s with a variety of defects, obtained by benzoic acid (BA) modulator, and commercial activated carbon were applied to the adsorptive removal of CBZ and IBU. One MOF, UiO-67(Zr)-BA(10), showed impressive maximum adsorption capacities for CBZ and IBU (294 and 213 mg/g, respectively). UiO-67(Zr)-BA(10) showed much higher adsorption of CBZ, compared with any MOF and MOF composites; the adsorption capacity of the MOF for CBZ is similar to 4.5 times that of commercial activated carbon. The efficient CBZ adsorption over UiO-67(Zr)-BA(10), under a wide range of pH conditions, might be attributed to the synergistic effects between porosity and defect sites; and explained with pi-pi, H-bonding, and van der Waals interactions. Additionally, the durability of the adsorbent allowed for simple regeneration even after several cycles without any noticeable loss in adsorptive performance. This work might provide a valuable insight, like loading adequate defects and increased porosity, in developing efficient MOF-based adsorbents for purification of water contaminated with pharmaceuticals. | Mondol, Md. Mahmudul Hassan; Yoo, Dong Kyu; Jhung, Sung Hwa | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Chem, Daegu 41566, South Korea | Jhung, Sung/AAO-6683-2021; Hassan Mondol, Md Mahmudul/AAM-8718-2021 | 57217989090; 57201339246; 6701659467 | sung@knu.ac.kr; | JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING | J ENVIRON CHEM ENG | 2213-2929 | 2213-3437 | 10 | 6 | SCIE | ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL;ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL | 2022 | 7.7 | 10.9 | 1.4 | 2025-06-25 | 17 | 19 | Adsorption; Carbamazepine; Defective MOF; Ibuprofen; Water | PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; WATER; PHARMACEUTICALS; CARBON; ADSORBENT; SORPTION; DYES; MOFS | Adsorption; Carbamazepine; Defective MOF; Ibuprofen; Water | Activated carbon; Amides; Benzoic acid; Defects; Metal-Organic Frameworks; Organic polymers; Porosity; Van der Waals forces; Adsorption capacities; Adsorptive removal; Carbamazepine; Commercial activated carbons; Defective metal-organic framework; Human health; Ibuprofen; Metal organic metals; Metalorganic frameworks (MOFs); pH condition; Adsorption | English | 2022 | 2022-12 | 10.1016/j.jece.2022.108560 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | |
| ○ | ○ | Article | Characterizing and Mitigating Intraday Variability: Reconstructing Source Structure in Accreting Black Holes with mm-VLBI | The extraordinary physical resolution afforded by the Event Horizon Telescope has opened a window onto the astrophysical phenomena unfolding on horizon scales in two known black holes, M87* and Sgr A*. However, with this leap in resolution has come a new set of practical complications. Sgr A* exhibits intraday variability that violates the assumptions underlying Earth aperture synthesis, limiting traditional image reconstruction methods to short timescales and data sets with very sparse (u, v) coverage. We present a new set of tools to detect and mitigate this variability. We develop a data-driven, model-agnostic procedure to detect and characterize the spatial structure of intraday variability. This method is calibrated against a large set of mock data sets, producing an empirical estimator of the spatial power spectrum of the brightness fluctuations. We present a novel Bayesian noise modeling algorithm that simultaneously reconstructs an average image and statistical measure of the fluctuations about it using a parameterized form for the excess variance in the complex visibilities not otherwise explained by the statistical errors. These methods are validated using a variety of simulated data, including general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations appropriate for Sgr A* and M87*. We find that the reconstructed source structure and variability are robust to changes in the underlying image model. We apply these methods to the 2017 EHT observations of M87*, finding evidence for variability across the EHT observing campaign. The variability mitigation strategies presented are widely applicable to very long baseline interferometry observations of variable sources generally, for which they provide a data-informed averaging procedure and natural characterization of inter-epoch image consistency. | Broderick, Avery E.; Gold, Roman; Georgiev, Boris; Pesce, Dominic W.; Tiede, Paul; Ni, Chunchong; Moriyama, Kotaro; Akiyama, Kazunori; Alberdi, Antxon; Alef, Walter; Algaba, Juan Carlos; Anantua, Richard; Asada, Keiichi; Azulay, Rebecca; Bach, Uwe; Baczko, Anne-Kathrin; Ball, David; Balokovic, Mislav; Barrett, John; Baubock, Michi; Benson, Bradford A.; Bintley, Dan; Blackburn, Lindy; Blundell, Raymond; Bouman, Katherine L.; Bower, Geoffrey C.; Boyce, Hope; Bremer, Michael; Brinkerink, Christiaan D.; Brissenden, Roger; Britzen, Silke; Broguiere, Dominique; Bronzwaer, Thomas; Bustamante, Sandra; Byun, Do-Young; Carlstrom, John E.; Ceccobello, Chiara; Chael, Andrew; Chan, Chi-kwan; Chatterjee, Koushik; Chatterjee, Shami; Chen, Ming-Tang; Chen, Yongjun; Cheng, Xiaopeng; Cho, Ilje; Christian, Pierre; Conroy, Nicholas S.; Conway, John E.; Cordes, James M.; Crawford, Thomas M.; Crew, Geoffrey B.; Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro; Cui, Yuzhu; Davelaar, Jordy; De Laurentis, Mariafelicia; Deane, Roger; Dempsey, Jessica; Desvignes, Gregory; Dexter, Jason; Dhruv, Vedant; Doeleman, Sheperd S.; Dougal, Sean; Dzib, Sergio A.; Eatough, Ralph P.; Emami, Razieh; Falcke, Heino; Farah, Joseph; Fish, Vincent L.; Fomalont, Ed; Ford, H. Alyson; Fraga-Encinas, Raquel; Freeman, William T.; Friberg, Per; Fromm, Christian M.; Fuentes, Antonio; Galison, Peter; Gammie, Charles F.; Garcia, Roberto; Gentaz, Olivier; Goddi, Ciriaco; Gomez-Ruiz, Arturo, I; Gomez, Jose L.; Gu, Minfeng; Gurwell, Mark; Hada, Kazuhiro; Haggard, Daryl; Haworth, Kari; Hecht, Michael H.; Hesper, Ronald; Heumann, Dirk; Ho, Luis C.; Ho, Paul; Honma, Mareki; Huang, Chih-Wei L.; Huang, Lei; Hughes, David H.; Ikeda, Shiro; Impellizzeri, C. M. Violette; Inoue, Makoto; Issaoun, Sara; James, David J.; Jannuzi, Buell T.; Janssen, Michael; Jeter, Britton; Jiang, Wu; Jimenez-Rosales, Alejandra; Johnson, Michael D.; Jorstad, Svetlana; Joshi, Abhishek, V; Jung, Taehyun; Karami, Mansour; Karuppusamy, Ramesh; Kawashima, Tomohisa; Keating, Garrett K.; Kettenis, Mark; Kim, Dong-Jin; Kim, Jae-Young; Kim, Jongsoo; Kim, Junhan; Kino, Motoki; Koay, Jun Yi; Kocherlakota, Prashant; Kofuji, Yutaro; Koch, Patrick M.; Koyama, Shoko; Kramer, Carsten; Kramer, Michael; Krichbaum, Thomas P.; Kuo, Cheng-Yu; La Bella, Noemi; Lauer, Tod R.; Lee, Daeyoung; Lee, Sang-Sung; Leung, Po Kin; Levis, Aviad; Li, Zhiyuan; Lico, Rocco; Lindahl, Greg; Lindqvist, Michael; Lisakov, Mikhail; Liu, Jun; Liu, Kuo; Liuzzo, Elisabetta; Lo, Wen-Ping; Lobanov, Andrei P.; Loinard, Laurent; Lonsdale, Colin J.; Lu, Ru-Sen; Mao, Jirong; Marchili, Nicola; Markoff, Sera; Marrone, Daniel P.; Marscher, Alan P.; Marti-Vidal, Ivan; Matsushita, Satoki; Matthews, Lynn D.; Menten, Karl M.; Michalik, Daniel; Mizuno, Izumi; Mizuno, Yosuke; Moran, James M.; Moscibrodzka, Monika; Muller, Cornelia; Mus, Alejandro; Musoke, Gibwa; Myserlis, Ioannis; Nadolski, Andrew; Nagai, Hiroshi; Nagar, Neil M.; Nakamura, Masanori; Narayan, Ramesh; Narayanan, Gopal; Natarajan, Iniyan; Nathanail, Antonios; Fuentes, Santiago Navarro; Neilsen, Joey; Neri, Roberto; Noutsos, Aristeidis; Nowak, Michael A.; Oh, Junghwan; Okino, Hiroki; Olivares, Hector; Ortiz-Leon, Gisela N.; Oyama, Tomoaki; Palumbo, Daniel C. M.; Paraschos, Georgios Filippos; Park, Jongho; Parsons, Harriet; Patel, Nimesh; Pen, Ue-Li; Pietu, Vincent; Plambeck, Richard; PopStefanija, Aleksandar; Porth, Oliver; Potzl, Felix M.; Prather, Ben; Preciado-Lopez, Jorge A.; Pu, Hung-Yi; Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh; Rao, Ramprasad; Rawlings, Mark G.; Raymond, Alexander W.; Rezzolla, Luciano; Ricarte, Angelo; Ripperda, Bart; Roelofs, Freek; Rogers, Alan; Ros, Eduardo; Romero-Canizales, Cristina; Roshanineshat, Arash; Rottmann, Helge; Roy, Alan L.; Ruiz, Ignacio; Ruszczyk, Chet; Rygl, Kazi L. J.; Sanchez, Salvador; Sanchez-Arguelles, David; Sanchez-Portal, Miguel; Sasada, Mahito; Satapathy, Kaushik; Savolainen, Tuomas; Schloerb, F. Peter; Schonfeld, Jonathan; Schuster, Karl-Friedrich; Shao, Lijing; Shen, Zhiqiang; Small, Des; Sohn, Bong Won; SooHoo, Jason; Souccar, Kamal; Sun, He; Tazaki, Fumie; Tetarenko, Alexandra J.; Tilanus, Remo P. J.; Titus, Michael; Torne, Pablo; Traianou, Efthalia; Trent, Tyler; Trippe, Sascha; Turk, Matthew; van Bemmel, Ilse; van Langevelde, Huib Jan; van Rossum, Daniel R.; Vos, Jesse; Wagner, Jan; Ward-Thompson, Derek; Wardle, John; Weintroub, Jonathan; Wex, Norbert; Wharton, Robert; Wielgus, Maciek; Wiik, Kaj; Witzel, Gunther; Wondrak, Michael F.; Wong, George N.; Wu, Qingwen; Yamaguchi, Paul; Yoon, Doosoo; Young, Andre; Young, Ken; Younsi, Ziri; Yuan, Feng; Yuan, Ye-Fei; Zensus, J. 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Mellon, Michael/C-3456-2016; Impellizzeri, Violette/JQW-3813-2023; Turk, Matthew/GXV-9589-2022; Moriyama, Kotaro/NGQ-8643-2025; Wielgus, Maciek/JEF-6647-2023; Ho, Paul/AAZ-5108-2020; Matsushita, Satoki/ABD-5562-2020; Kino, Motoki/LQK-9129-2024; huang, lei/GQP-8739-2022; Gold, Roman/AAX-5851-2021; Olivares Sanchez, Hector Raul/KWU-1646-2024; Torne, Pablo/MIP-4319-2025; Loinard, Laurent/MCX-8116-2025; Lisakov, Mikhail/M-6034-2013; Lee, Dae-Young/AAI-6981-2020; Lobanov, Andrei/G-5891-2014; Asada, Keiichi/ABC-2456-2020; Fuentes, Antonio/R-3900-2019; Bower, Geoffrey/ABC-8386-2020; Sanchez-Portal, Miguel/AAB-5014-2019; Koay, Jun/E-4952-2015; nagar, neil/AAG-4543-2020; Kramer, Michael/KLY-3270-2024; Lisakov, Mikhail/JAX-3277-2023; Kim, Jae-Young/IUO-6466-2023; Kim, Junhan/LTZ-1683-2024; Azulay, Rebecca/U-2560-2017; Wong, George/AAL-1016-2021; Schuster, Karling/JMP-9441-2023; Cui, Yuzhu/MBG-4427-2025; Lee, Sang-Sung/AFS-2722-2022; Jorstad, Svetlana/AAM-3279-2021; ALBERDI, ANTONIO/H-6432-2015; Lico, Rocco/L-8308-2019; Chatterjee, Shami/AAE-8374-2022; Bloch, Michael/O-7845-2017; Rezzolla, Luciano/JPK-1036-2023; Barrett, John/K-8867-2014; Zamorano, Jose/ABU-6635-2022; Algaba, Juan Carlos/AAB-4526-2022; Shao, Lijing/GRO-6046-2022; Rao, Ramprasad/L-2115-2017; Li, Juanjuan/J-3914-2017; Johnson, Matthew/B-6276-2015; ho, paul/AAZ-5108-2020; Koay, Jun Yi/E-4952-2015; 浅田圭一, Keiichi/ABC-2456-2020 | 7005699469; 55504461000; 57208321607; 56514065800; 56657947900; 57208316263; 57208315428; 55669706400; 7004247728; 6603338811; 25640916000; 34876318600; 7102181737; 55974067100; 8356678200; 57191172071; 57191854254; 55441118000; 57221919962; 55279774300; 43360904200; 6508166420; 35271380400; 7005148075; 36627851000; 7006319230; 56514949800; 55348923700; 55789158500; 6701852507; 6602806448; 12805385500; 55845982300; 57208321725; 57203026080; 35276941600; 50660994600; 55324722200; 36984595000; 56714950900; 35500782800; 57137032900; 55721215400; 57194012321; 57203071154; 36918061000; 57740566800; 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57113392000; 7402815984; 7102531000; 26666313200; 57190127327; 36816303500; 8791509900; 57208321142; 14012249000; 18435453100; 57196907740; 54389941800; 6602969503; 23986018200; 57344402000; 7003371610; 55663305800; 57192669640; 55952822800; 25652194300; 7403324447; 57208321653; 25628978700; 44561693800; 6602795601; 57192429990; 43361892500; 56658751100; 6701628482; 7007019201; 57190767230; 57204824800; 57208316147; 8559107900; 24077308500; 6602323834; 6603776865; 36057630500; 57220895149; 55236056100; 7004002583; 36613480200; 23487579300; 6603048295; 55262937300; 52164611300; 7004299975; 24833754300; 57189852229; 57208320165; 57207446777; 56721395200; 54384535700; 56221262400; 7402601128; 55347813900; 57203725419; 35185850600; 7004929291; 55478882500; 55767566800; 55877039000 | abroderick@perimeterinstitute.ca; | ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS | ASTROPHYS J LETT | 2041-8205 | 2041-8213 | 930 | 2 | SCIE | ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS | 2022 | 7.9 | 10.9 | 2.43 | 2025-06-25 | 26 | 29 | SAGITTARIUS A-ASTERISK; TELESCOPE RESULTS. VI.; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; LIGHT CURVES; M87; SHADOW; CALIBRATION; EMISSION; SCALE; IMAGE | English | 2022 | 2022-05-01 | 10.3847/2041-8213/ac6584 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Contrastive Self-Supervised Learning With Smoothed Representation for Remote Sensing | In remote sensing, numerous unlabeled images are continuously accumulated over time, and it is difficult to annotate all the data. Therefore, a self-supervised learning technique that can improve the recognition rate using unlabeled data will be useful for remote sensing. This letter presents contrastive self-supervised learning with smoothed representation for remote sensing based on the SimCLR framework. In self-supervised learning for remote sensing, the well-known characteristic that images within a short distance might be semantically similar is usually used. Our algorithm is based on this knowledge, and it simultaneously utilizes several neighboring images as a positive pair of the anchor image, unlike existing methods such as Tile2Vec. Furthermore, MoCo and SimCLR, which are among the state-of-the-art self-supervised learning approaches, only use two augmented views of the single-input image, but our proposed approach uses multiple-input images and averages their representations (e.g., smoothed representation). Consequently, the proposed approach outperforms state-of-the-art self-supervised learning methods, such as Tile2Vec, MoCo, and SimCLR, in the cropland data layer (CDL), RESISC-45, UCMerced, and EuroSAT data sets. The proposed approach is comparable to the pretrained ImageNet model in the CDL classification task. | Jung, Heechul; Oh, Yoonju; Jeong, Seongho; Lee, Chaehyeon; Jeon, Taegyun | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Artificial Intelligence, Daegu 41566, South Korea; SIA, Daejeon 34051, South Korea | ; Lee, Chae Yeon/HHS-3863-2022; Jung, Heechul/HTL-7199-2023 | 55652175200; 57222422146; 58177067000; 57222731243; 57205114316 | heechul@knu.ac.kr; | IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS | IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S | 1545-598X | 1558-0571 | 19 | SCIE | ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC;GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS;IMAGING SCIENCE & PHOTOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGY;REMOTE SENSING | 2022 | 4.8 | 10.9 | 5.24 | 2025-06-25 | 51 | 61 | Remote sensing; Task analysis; Feature extraction; Satellites; Supervised learning; Image resolution; Head; Classification; contrastive learning; remote sensing; self-supervised learning; smoothed representation | LAND-COVER; CLASSIFICATION | Classification; contrastive learning; remote sensing; self-supervised learning; smoothed representation | Binary alloys; Cobalt alloys; Learning systems; Molybdenum alloys; Supervised learning; Classification tasks; Data layer; Multiple inputs; Single input; State of the art; Supervised learning approaches; Supervised learning methods; Unlabeled data; remote sensing; satellite altimetry; smoothing; supervised learning; Remote sensing | English | 2022 | 2022 | 10.1109/lgrs.2021.3069799 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Deep Learning-Based Ground Vibration Monitoring: Reinforcement Learning and RNN-CNN Approach | This letter studies deep learning-based efficient ground vibration monitoring systems. In this work, artificial intelligence (AI) techniques are adopted to effectively deal with practical issues of data collection and classification. Specifically, we develop a novel energy-efficient data collection scheme by adopting deep Q-network-based reinforcement learning. Also, we propose an enhanced joint recurrent neural network (RNN) and convolutional neural network (CNN) approach for ground vibration classification. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated using real-world ground vibration data. The experimental results show that the proposed classification scheme outperforms the best existing scheme with CNN by more than 13% in terms of classification accuracy. It is also shown that the proposed energy management scheme can improve the accuracy of the proposed ground vibration monitoring system by 7.6% over the comparable scheme using equal power allocation. | Yun, Sangseok; Kang, Jae-Mo; Ha, Jeongseok; Lee, Sangho; Ryu, Dong-Woo; Kwon, Jihoe; Kim, Il-Min | Pukyong Natl Univ, Dept Informat & Commun Engn, Busan 48513, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Artificial Intelligence, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Sch Elect Engn, Daejeon 34141, South Korea; Korea Inst Geosci & Mineral Resources, Geosci Platform Div, Daejeon 34132, South Korea; Queens Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada | 56115729600; 56024930400; 7202102842; 59846968800; 7103144212; 24479416200; 36040390300 | ssyun@pknu.ac.kr;ilmin.kim@queensu.ca; | IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS | IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S | 1545-598X | 1558-0571 | 19 | SCIE | ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC;GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS;IMAGING SCIENCE & PHOTOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGY;REMOTE SENSING | 2022 | 4.8 | 10.9 | 0.52 | 2025-06-25 | 1 | 6 | Vibrations; Monitoring; Wireless communication; Wireless sensor networks; Servers; Vibration measurement; Sensors; Artificial intelligence (AI); deep learning; ground vibration; reinforcement learning | Artificial intelligence (AI); deep learning; ground vibration; reinforcement learning | Convolutional neural networks; Data acquisition; Energy efficiency; Monitoring; Reinforcement learning; Vibration measurement; Classification accuracy; Classification scheme; Data collection scheme; Energy management schemes; Equal power allocation; Ground vibration monitoring; Practical issues; Recurrent neural network (RNN); artificial neural network; machine learning; monitoring system; vibration; Recurrent neural networks | English | 2022 | 2022 | 10.1109/lgrs.2021.3067974 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||||
| ○ | ○ | Article | First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. I. The Shadow of the Supermassive Black Hole in the Center of the Milky Way | We present the first Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observations of Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), the Galactic center source associated with a supermassive black hole. These observations were conducted in 2017 using a global interferometric array of eight telescopes operating at a wavelength of lambda = 1.3 mm. The EHT data resolve a compact emission region with intrahour variability. A variety of imaging and modeling analyses all support an image that is dominated by a bright, thick ring with a diameter of 51.8 +/- 2.3 mu as (68% credible interval). The ring has modest azimuthal brightness asymmetry and a comparatively dim interior. Using a large suite of numerical simulations, we demonstrate that the EHT images of Sgr A* are consistent with the expected appearance of a Kerr black hole with mass similar to 4 x 10(6) M (circle dot), which is inferred to exist at this location based on previous infrared observations of individual stellar orbits, as well as maser proper-motion studies. Our model comparisons disfavor scenarios where the black hole is viewed at high inclination (i > 50 degrees), as well as nonspinning black holes and those with retrograde accretion disks. Our results provide direct evidence for the presence of a supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way, and for the first time we connect the predictions from dynamical measurements of stellar orbits on scales of 10(3)-10(5) gravitational radii to event-horizon-scale images and variability. Furthermore, a comparison with the EHT results for the supermassive black hole M87* shows consistency with the predictions of general relativity spanning over three orders of magnitude in central mass. | Akiyama, Kazunori; Alberdi, Antxon; Alef, Walter; Algaba, Juan Carlos; Anantua, Richard; Asada, Keiichi; Azulay, Rebecca; Bach, Uwe; Baczko, Anne-Kathrin; Ball, David; Balokovic, Mislav; Barrett, John; Baubock, Michi; Benson, Bradford A.; Bintley, Dan; Blackburn, Lindy; Blundell, Raymond; Bouman, Katherine L.; Bower, Geoffrey C.; Boyce, Hope; Bremer, Michael; Brinkerink, Christiaan D.; Brissenden, Roger; Britzen, Silke; Broderick, Avery E.; Broguiere, Dominique; Bronzwaer, Thomas; Bustamante, Sandra; Byun, Do-Young; Carlstrom, John E.; Ceccobello, Chiara; Chael, Andrew; Chan, Chi-kwan; Chatterjee, Koushik; Chatterjee, Shami; Chen, Ming-Tang; Chen, Yongjun; Cheng, Xiaopeng; Cho, Ilje; Christian, Pierre; Conroy, Nicholas S.; Conway, John E.; Cordes, James M.; Crawford, Thomas M.; Crew, Geoffrey B.; Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro; Cui, Yuzhu; Davelaar, Jordy; De Laurentis, Mariafelicia; Deane, Roger; Dempsey, Jessica; Desvignes, Gregory; Dexter, Jason; Dhruv, Vedant; Doeleman, Sheperd S.; Dougal, Sean; Dzib, Sergio A.; Eatough, Ralph P.; Emami, Razieh; Falcke, Heino; Farah, Joseph; Fish, Vincent L.; Fomalont, Ed; Ford, H. Alyson; Fraga-Encinas, Raquel; Freeman, William T.; Friberg, Per; Fromm, Christian M.; Fuentes, Antonio; Galison, Peter; Gammie, Charles F.; Garcia, Roberto; Gentaz, Olivier; Georgiev, Boris; Goddi, Ciriaco; Gold, Roman; Gomez-Ruiz, Arturo, I; Gomez, Jose L.; Gu, Minfeng; Gurwell, Mark; Hada, Kazuhiro; Haggard, Daryl; Haworth, Kari; Hecht, Michael H.; Hesper, Ronald; Heumann, Dirk; Ho, Luis C.; Ho, Paul; Honma, Mareki; Huang, Chih-Wei L.; Huang, Lei; Hughes, David H.; Ikeda, Shiro; Impellizzeri, C. M. Violette; Inoue, Makoto; Issaoun, Sara; James, David J.; Jannuzi, Buell T.; Janssen, Michael; Jeter, Britton; Jiang, Wu; Jimenez-Rosales, Alejandra; Johnson, Michael D.; Jorstad, Svetlana; Joshi, Abhishek, V; Jung, Taehyun; Karami, Mansour; Karuppusamy, Ramesh; Kawashima, Tomohisa; Keating, Garrett K.; Kettenis, Mark; Kim, Dong-Jin; Kim, Jae-Young; Kim, Jongsoo; Kim, Junhan; Kino, Motoki; Koay, Jun Yi; Kocherlakota, Prashant; Kofuji, Yutaro; Koch, Patrick M.; Koyama, Shoko; Kramer, Carsten; Kramer, Michael; Krichbaum, Thomas P.; Kuo, Cheng-Yu; La Bella, Noemi; Lauer, Tod R.; Lee, Daeyoung; Lee, Sang-Sung; Leung, Po Kin; Levis, Aviad; Li, Zhiyuan; Lico, Rocco; Lindahl, Greg; Lindqvist, Michael; Lisakov, Mikhail; Liu, Jun; Liu, Kuo; Liuzzo, Elisabetta; Lo, Wen-Ping; Lobanov, Andrei P.; Loinard, Laurent; Lonsdale, Colin J.; Lu, Ru-Sen; Mao, Jirong; Marchili, Nicola; Markoff, Sera; Marrone, Daniel P.; Marscher, Alan P.; Marti-Vidal, Ivan; Matsushita, Satoki; Matthews, Lynn D.; Medeiros, Lia; Menten, Karl M.; Michalik, Daniel; Mizuno, Izumi; Mizuno, Yosuke; Moran, James M.; Moriyama, Kotaro; Moscibrodzka, Monika; Muller, Cornelia; Mus, Alejandro; Musoke, Gibwa; Myserlis, Ioannis; Nadolski, Andrew; Nagai, Hiroshi; Nagar, Neil M.; Nakamura, Masanori; Narayan, Ramesh; Narayanan, Gopal; Natarajan, Iniyan; Nathanail, Antonios; Fuentes, Santiago Navarro; Neilsen, Joey; Neri, Roberto; Ni, Chunchong; Noutsos, Aristeidis; Nowak, Michael A.; Oh, Junghwan; Okino, Hiroki; Olivares, Hector; Ortiz-Leon, Gisela N.; Oyama, Tomoaki; Palumbo, Daniel C. M.; Paraschos, Georgios Filippos; Park, Jongho; Parsons, Harriet; Patel, Nimesh; Pen, Ue-Li; Pesce, Dominic W.; Pietu, Vincent; Plambeck, Richard; PopStefanija, Aleksandar; Porth, Oliver; Potzl, Felix M.; Prather, Ben; Preciado-Lopez, Jorge A.; Pu, Hung-Yi; Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh; Rao, Ramprasad; Rawlings, Mark G.; Raymond, Alexander W.; Rezzolla, Luciano; Ricarte, Angelo; Ripperda, Bart; Roelofs, Freek; Rogers, Alan; Ros, Eduardo; Romero-Canizales, Cristina; Roshanineshat, Arash; Rottmann, Helge; Roy, Alan L.; Ruiz, Ignacio; Ruszczyk, Chet; Rygl, Kazi L. J.; Sanchez, Salvador; Sanchez-Arguelles, David; Sanchez-Portal, Miguel; Sasada, Mahito; Satapathy, Kaushik; Savolainen, Tuomas; Schloerb, F. Peter; Schonfeld, Jonathan; Schuster, Karl-Friedrich; Shao, Lijing; Shen, Zhiqiang; Small, Des; Sohn, Bong Won; SooHoo, Jason; Souccar, Kamal; Sun, He; Tazaki, Fumie; Tetarenko, Alexandra J.; Tiede, Paul; Tilanus, Remo P. J.; Titus, Michael; Torne, Pablo; Traianou, Efthalia; Trent, Tyler; Trippe, Sascha; Turk, Matthew; van Bemmel, Ilse; van Langevelde, Huib Jan; van Rossum, Daniel R.; Vos, Jesse; Wagner, Jan; Ward-Thompson, Derek; Wardle, John; Weintroub, Jonathan; Wex, Norbert; Wharton, Robert; Wielgus, Maciek; Wiik, Kaj; Witzel, Gunther; Wondrak, Michael F.; Wong, George N.; Wu, Qingwen; Yamaguchi, Paul; Yoon, Doosoo; Young, Andre; Young, Ken; Younsi, Ziri; Yuan, Feng; Yuan, Ye-Fei; Zensus, J. Anton; Zhang, Shuo; Zhao, Guang-Yao; Zhao, Shan-Shan; Ozel, Feryal; Agurto, Claudio; Allardi, Alexander; Amestica, Rodrigo; Araneda, Juan Pablo; Arriagada, Oriel; Berghuis, Jennie L.; Bertarini, Alessandra; Berthold, Ryan; Blanchard, Jay; Brown, Ken; Cardenas, Mauricio; Cantzler, Michael; Caro, Patricio; Castillo-Dominguez, Edgar; Chan, Tin Lok; Chang, Chih-Cheng; Chang, Dominic O.; Chang, Shu-Hao; Chang, Song-Chu; Chen, Chung-Chen; Chilson, Ryan; Chuter, Tim C.; Ciechanowicz, Miroslaw; Colin-Beltran, Edgar; Coulson, Iain M.; Crowley, Joseph; Degenaar, Nathalie; Dornbusch, Sven; Duran, Carlos A.; Everett, Wendeline B.; Faber, Aaron; Forster, Karl; Fuchs, Miriam M.; Gale, David M.; Geertsema, Gertie; Gonzalez, Edouard; Graham, Dave; Gueth, Frederic; Halverson, Nils W.; Han, Chih-Chiang; Han, Kuo-Chang; Hasegawa, Yutaka; Hernandez-Rebollar, Jose Luis; Herrera, Cristian; Herrero-Illana, Ruben; Heyminck, Stefan; Hirota, Akihiko; Hoge, James; Schimpf, Shelbi R. Hostler; Howie, Ryan E.; Huang, Yau-De; Jiang, Homin; Jinchi, Hao; John, David; Kimura, Kimihiro; Klein, Thomas; Kubo, Derek; Kuroda, John; Kwon, Caleb; Lacasse, Richard; Laing, Robert; Leitch, Erik M.; Li, Chao-Te; Liu, Ching-Tang; Liu, Kuan-Yu; Lin, Lupin C-C; Lu, Li-Ming; Mac-Auliffe, Felipe; Martin-Cocher, Pierre; Matulonis, Callie; Maute, John K.; Messias, Hugo; Meyer-Zhao, Zheng; Montana, Alfredo; Montenegro-Montes, Francisco; Montgomerie, William; Nolasco, Marcos Emir Moreno; Muders, Dirk; Nishioka, Hiroaki; Norton, Timothy J.; Nystrom, George; Ogawa, Hideo; Olivares, Rodrigo; Oshiro, Peter; Perez-Beaupuits, Juan Pablo; Parra, Rodrigo; Phillips, Neil M.; Poirier, Michael; Pradel, Nicolas; Qiu, Richard; Raffin, Philippe A.; Rahlin, Alexandra S.; Ramirez, Jorge; Ressler, Sean; Reynolds, Mark; Rodriguez-Montoya, Ivan; Saez-Madain, Alejandro F.; Santana, Jorge; Shaw, Paul; Shirkey, Leslie E., Jr.; Silva, Kevin M.; Snow, William; Sousa, Don; Sridharan, T. K.; Stahm, William; Stark, Anthony A.; Test, John; Torstensson, Karl; Venegas, Paulina; Walther, Craig; Wei, Ta-Shun; White, Chris; Wieching, Gundolf; Wijnands, Rudy; Wouterloot, Jan G. A.; Yu, Chen-Yu; Yu, Wei; Zeballos, Milagros | MIT, Haystack Observ, 99 Millstone Rd, Westford, MA 01886 USA; Natl Astron Observ Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan; Harvard Univ, Black Hole Initiat, 20 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA; CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, Glorieta Astron S-N, E-18008 Granada, Spain; Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Hugel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany; Univ Malaya, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; Ctr Astrophys Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA; Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Phys & Astron, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA; Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, 11F Astron Math Bldg,AS NTU 1,Sec 4,Roosevelt Rd, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; Univ Valencia, Dept Astron & Astrofis, C Dr Moliner 50, E-46100 Valencia, Spain; Univ Valencia, Observ Astron, C Catedrat Jose Beltran 2, E-46980 Valencia, Spain; Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA; Univ Arizona, Dept Astron, 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA; Yale Univ, Yale Ctr Astron & Astrophys, 52 Hillhouse Ave, New Haven, CT 06511 USA; Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, 1110 West Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA; Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, MS209,POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA; Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 5640 South Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA; East Asian Observ, 660 N Aohoku Pl, Hilo, HI 96720 USA; James Clerk Maxwell Telescope JCMT, 660 N Aohoku Pl, Hilo, HI 96720 USA; CALTECH, 1200 East Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA; Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, 645 N Aohoku Pl, Hilo, HI 96720 USA; Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Phys & Astron, 2505 Correa Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA; McGill Univ, Dept Phys, 3600 Rue Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada; McGill Univ, McGill Space Inst, 3550 Rue Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2A7, Canada; Inst Radioastron Millimetr IRAM, 300 Rue Piscine, F-38406 St Martin Dheres, France; Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Inst Math Astrophys & Particle Phys IMAPP, Dept Astrophys, POB 9010, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands; Perimeter Inst Theoret Phys, 31 Caroline St N, Waterloo, ON N2L 2Y5, Canada; Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys & Astron, 200 Univ Ave, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; Univ Waterloo, Waterloo Ctr Astrophys, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA; Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst, Daedeok Daero 776, Daejeon 34055, South Korea; Univ Sci & Technol, Gajeong Ro 217, Daejeon 34113, South Korea; Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, 5640 South Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA; Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, 5720 South Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA; Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, 5640 South Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA; Chalmers Univ Technol, Dept Space Earth & Environm, Onsala Space Observ, SE-43992 Onsala, Sweden; Princeton Univ, Princeton Ctr Theoret Sci, Jadwin Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA; NASA Hubble Fellowship Program, Washington, DC USA; Univ Arizona, Data Sci Inst, 1230 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA; Univ Arizona, Program Appl Math, 617 N Santa Rita, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA; Cornell Univ, Cornell Ctr Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA; Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Astron Observ, 80 Nandan Rd, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China; Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Radio Astron, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China; Fairfield Univ, Phys Dept, 1073 North Benson Rd, Fairfield, CT 06824 USA; Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, 1002 West Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA; Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Theoret Phys, Max von Laue Str 1, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany; Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Tsung Dao Lee Inst, Shengrong Rd 520, Shanghai 201210, Peoples R China; Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mizusawa VLBI Observ, 2-12 Hoshigaoka, Oshu, Iwate 0230861, Japan; Grad Univ Adv Studies SOKENDAI, Dept Astron Sci, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan; Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, 550 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA; Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, 550 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA; Flatiron Inst, Ctr Computat Astrophys, 162 Fifth Ave, New York, NY 10010 USA; Univ Napoli Federico II, Compl Univ Monte S Angelo, Dipartimento Fis E Pancini, Edificio G,Via Cinthia, I-80126 Naples, Italy; 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16507126000; 57223734038; 6602270674; 36483334000; 57741369000; 56285327900; 26427757600; 36348438200; 57208318201; 14822728000; 57203316029; 57741215800; 57193601411; 57220465127; 57208315837; 6701592129; 57208315112; 25226226600; 57205618205; 23487131600; 57194337330; 7101707357; 43361943300; 56489254900; 14049332700; 55950083100; 6505772744; 57191575968; 55804393100; 36190083600 | DWard-Thompson@uclan.ac.uk; | ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS | ASTROPHYS J LETT | 2041-8205 | 2041-8213 | 930 | 2 | SCIE | ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS | 2022 | 7.9 | 10.9 | 84.75 | 2025-06-25 | 1257 | 1027 | ADVECTION-DOMINATED ACCRETION; MAGNETIC-FIELD STRUCTURE; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; X-RAY-EMISSION; SGR-A; VLBI OBSERVATIONS; LINEAR-POLARIZATION; INTRINSIC SIZE; SCALE STRUCTURE; RADIO-SOURCE | English | 2022 | 2022-05-01 | 10.3847/2041-8213/ac6674 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||||
| ○ | ○ | Article | First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. II. EHT and Multiwavelength Observations, Data Processing, and Calibration | We present Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) 1.3 mm measurements of the radio source located at the position of the supermassive black hole Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), collected during the 2017 April 5-11 campaign. The observations were carried out with eight facilities at six locations across the globe. Novel calibration methods are employed to account for Sgr A*'s flux variability. The majority of the 1.3 mm emission arises from horizon scales, where intrinsic structural source variability is detected on timescales of minutes to hours. The effects of interstellar scattering on the image and its variability are found to be subdominant to intrinsic source structure. The calibrated visibility amplitudes, particularly the locations of the visibility minima, are broadly consistent with a blurred ring with a diameter of similar to 50 mu as, as determined in later works in this series. Contemporaneous multiwavelength monitoring of Sgr A* was performed at 22, 43, and 86 GHz and at near-infrared and X-ray wavelengths. Several X-ray flares from Sgr A* are detected by Chandra, one at low significance jointly with Swift on 2017 April 7 and the other at higher significance jointly with NuSTAR on 2017 April 11. The brighter April 11 flare is not observed simultaneously by the EHT but is followed by a significant increase in millimeter flux variability immediately after the X-ray outburst, indicating a likely connection in the emission physics near the event horizon. We compare Sgr A*'s broadband flux during the EHT campaign to its historical spectral energy distribution and find that both the quiescent emission and flare emission are consistent with its long-term behavior. | Akiyama, Kazunori; Alberdi, Antxon; Alef, Walter; Algaba, Juan Carlos; Anantua, Richard; Asada, Keiichi; Azulay, Rebecca; Bach, Uwe; Baczko, Anne-Kathrin; Ball, David; Balokovic, Mislav; Barrett, John; Baubock, Michi; Benson, Bradford A.; Bintley, Dan; Blackburn, Lindy; Blundell, Raymond; Bouman, Katherine L.; Bower, Geoffrey C.; Boyce, Hope; Bremer, Michael; Brinkerink, Christiaan D.; Brissenden, Roger; Britzen, Silke; Broderick, Avery E.; Broguiere, Dominique; Bronzwaer, Thomas; Bustamante, Sandra; Byun, Do-Young; Carlstrom, John E.; Ceccobello, Chiara; Chael, Andrew; Chan, Chi-kwan; Chatterjee, Koushik; Chatterjee, Shami; Chen, Ming-Tang; Chen, Yongjun; Cheng, Xiaopeng; Cho, Ilje; Christian, Pierre; Conroy, Nicholas S.; Conway, John E.; Cordes, James M.; Crawford, Thomas M.; Crew, Geoffrey B.; Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro; Cui, Yuzhu; Davelaar, Jordy; De Laurentis, Mariafelicia; Deane, Roger; Dempsey, Jessica; Desvignes, Gregory; Dexter, Jason; Dhruv, Vedant; Doeleman, Sheperd S.; Dougal, Sean; Dzib, Sergio A.; Eatough, Ralph P.; Emami, Razieh; Falcke, Heino; Farah, Joseph; Fish, Vincent L.; Fomalont, Ed; Ford, H. Alyson; Fraga-Encinas, Raquel; Freeman, William T.; Friberg, Per; Fromm, Christian M.; Fuentes, Antonio; Galison, Peter; Gammie, Charles F.; Garcia, Roberto; Gentaz, Olivier; Georgiev, Boris; Goddi, Ciriaco; Gold, Roman; Gomez-Ruiz, Arturo, I; Gomez, Jose L.; Gu, Minfeng; Gurwell, Mark; Hada, Kazuhiro; Haggard, Daryl; Haworth, Kari; Hecht, Michael H.; Hesper, Ronald; Heumann, Dirk; Ho, Luis C.; Ho, Paul; Honma, Mareki; Huang, Chih-Wei L.; Huang, Lei; Hughes, David H.; Ikeda, Shiro; Impellizzeri, C. M. Violette; Inoue, Makoto; Issaoun, Sara; James, David J.; Jannuzi, Buell T.; Janssen, Michael; Jeter, Britton; Jiang, Wu; Jimenez-Rosales, Alejandra; Johnson, Michael D.; Jorstad, Svetlana; Joshi, Abhishek, V; Jung, Taehyun; Karami, Mansour; Karuppusamy, Ramesh; Kawashima, Tomohisa; Keating, Garrett K.; Kettenis, Mark; Kim, Dong-Jin; Kim, Jae-Young; Kim, Jongsoo; Kim, Junhan; Kino, Motoki; Koay, Jun Yi; Kocherlakota, Prashant; Kofuji, Yutaro; Koch, Patrick M.; Koyama, Shoko; Kramer, Carsten; Kramer, Michael; Krichbaum, Thomas P.; Kuo, Cheng-Yu; La Bella, Noemi; Lauer, Tod R.; Lee, Daeyoung; Lee, Sang-Sung; Leung, Po Kin; Levis, Aviad; Li, Zhiyuan; Lico, Rocco; Lindahl, Greg; Lindqvist, Michael; Lisakov, Mikhail; Liu, Jun; Liu, Kuo; Liuzzo, Elisabetta; Lo, Wen-Ping; Lobanov, Andrei P.; Loinard, Laurent; Lonsdale, Colin J.; Lu, Ru-Sen; Mao, Jirong; Marchili, Nicola; Markoff, Sera; Marrone, Daniel P.; Marscher, Alan P.; Marti-Vidal, Ivan; Matsushita, Satoki; Matthews, Lynn D.; Medeiros, Lia; Menten, Karl M.; Michalik, Daniel; Mizuno, Izumi; Mizuno, Yosuke; Moran, James M.; Moriyama, Kotaro; Moscibrodzka, Monika; Muller, Cornelia; Mus, Alejandro; Musoke, Gibwa; Myserlis, Ioannis; Nadolski, Andrew; Nagai, Hiroshi; Nagar, Neil M.; Nakamura, Masanori; Narayan, Ramesh; Narayanan, Gopal; Natarajan, Iniyan; Nathanail, Antonios; Fuentes, Santiago Navarro; Neilsen, Joey; Neri, Roberto; Ni, Chunchong; Noutsos, Aristeidis; Nowak, Michael A.; Oh, Junghwan; Okino, Hiroki; Olivares, Hector; Ortiz-Leon, Gisela N.; Oyama, Tomoaki; Palumbo, Daniel C. M.; Paraschos, Georgios Filippos; Park, Jongho; Parsons, Harriet; Patel, Nimesh; Pen, Ue-Li; Pesce, Dominic W.; Pietu, Vincent; Plambeck, Richard; PopStefanija, Aleksandar; Porth, Oliver; Potzl, Felix M.; Prather, Ben; Preciado-Lopez, Jorge A.; Pu, Hung-Yi; Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh; Rao, Ramprasad; Rawlings, Mark G.; Raymond, Alexander W.; Rezzolla, Luciano; Ricarte, Angelo; Ripperda, Bart; Roelofs, Freek; Rogers, Alan; Ros, Eduardo; Romero-Canizales, Cristina; Roshanineshat, Arash; Rottmann, Helge; Roy, Alan L.; Ruiz, Ignacio; Ruszczyk, Chet; Rygl, Kazi L. J.; Sanchez, Salvador; Sanchez-Arguelles, David; Sanchez-Portal, Miguel; Sasada, Mahito; Satapathy, Kaushik; Savolainen, Tuomas; Schloerb, F. Peter; Schonfeld, Jonathan; Schuster, Karl-Friedrich; Shao, Lijing; Shen, Zhiqiang; Small, Des; Sohn, Bong Won; SooHoo, Jason; Souccar, Kamal; Sun, He; Tazaki, Fumie; Tetarenko, Alexandra J.; Tiede, Paul; Tilanus, Remo P. J.; Titus, Michael; Torne, Pablo; Traianou, Efthalia; Trent, Tyler; Trippe, Sascha; Turk, Matthew; van Bemmel, Ilse; van Langevelde, Huib Jan; van Rossum, Daniel R.; Vos, Jesse; Wagner, Jan; Ward-Thompson, Derek; Wardle, John; Weintroub, Jonathan; Wex, Norbert; Wharton, Robert; Wielgus, Maciek; Wiik, Kaj; Witzel, Gunther; Wondrak, Michael F.; Wong, George N.; Wu, Qingwen; Yamaguchi, Paul; Yoon, Doosoo; Young, Andre; Young, Ken; Younsi, Ziri; Yuan, Feng; Yuan, Ye-Fei; Zensus, J. Anton; Zhang, Shuo; Zhao, Guang-Yao; Zhao, Shan-Shan; Agurto, Claudio; Araneda, Juan Pablo; Arriagada, Oriel; Bertarini, Alessandra; Berthold, Ryan; Blanchard, Jay; Brown, Ken; Cardenas, Mauricio; Cantzler, Michael; Caro, Patricio; Chuter, Tim C.; Ciechanowicz, Miroslaw; Coulson, Iain M.; Crowley, Joseph; Degenaar, Nathalie; Dornbusch, Sven; Duran, Carlos A.; Forster, Karl; Geertsema, Gertie; Gonzalez, Edouard; Graham, Dave; Gueth, Frederic; Han, Chih-Chiang; Herrera, Cristian; Herrero-Illana, Ruben; Heyminck, Stefan; Hoge, James; Huang, Yau-De; Jiang, Homin; John, David; Klein, Thomas; Kubo, Derek; Kuroda, John; Kwon, Caleb; Laing, Robert; Liu, Ching-Tang; Liu, Kuan-Yu; Mac-Auliffe, Felipe; Martin-Cocher, Pierre; Matulonis, Callie; Messias, Hugo; Meyer-Zhao, Zheng; Montenegro-Montes, Francisco; Montgomerie, William; Muders, Dirk; Nishioka, Hiroaki; Norton, Timothy J.; Olivares, Rodrigo; Perez-Beaupuits, Juan Pablo; Parra, Rodrigo; Poirier, Michael; Pradel, Nicolas; Raffin, Philippe A.; Ramirez, Jorge; Reynolds, Mark; Saez-Madain, Alejandro F.; Santana, Jorge; Silva, Kevin M.; Sousa, Don; Stahm, William; Torstensson, Karl; Venegas, Paulina; Walther, Craig; Wieching, Gundolf; Wijnands, Rudy; Wouterloot, Jan G. 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European Southern Observ, Alonso de Cordova 3107,Casilla 19001, Santiago, Chile; Univ Bonn, Inst Geodesy & Geoinformat, D-53113 Bonn, Germany; Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA; CALTECH, Space Radiat Lab, 1200 East Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA; Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, Res & Dev Weather & Climate Models, Utrechtseweg 297, NL-3731 GA De Bilt, Netherlands; Joint ALMA Observ, Alonso de Cordova 3107, Vitacura 7630355, Santiago De Chi, Chile; SKA Observ, Jodrell Bank, Macclesfield SK11 9FT, Cheshire, England; European Southern Observ, Karl Schwarzschild Str 2, D-85478 Garching, Germany; Univ Space Res Assoc, NASA Ames Res Ctr, SOFIA Sci Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA; Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Ctr Astroingn AIUC, Av Vicuna Mackena 4860, Santiago, Chile; Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, 1085 South Univ Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA; NRAO Technol Ctr, Natl Radio Astron Observ, 1180 Boxwood Estate Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA | ; Koay, Jun Yi/E-4952-2015; Park, Jongho/JFB-2747-2023; 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Barrett, John/K-8867-2014; Kramer, Michael/KLY-3270-2024; Ho, Paul/AAZ-5108-2020; Wagner, Jan/LTZ-8501-2024; Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh/C-8628-2017; Montenegro Montes, Francisco Miguel/GMX-2569-2022; 浅田圭一, Keiichi/ABC-2456-2020; Loinard, Laurent/MCX-8116-2025; Lobanov, Andrei/G-5891-2014; Myserlis, Ioannis/MCY-5944-2025 | 55669706400; 7004247728; 6603338811; 25640916000; 34876318600; 55974067100; 7102181737; 8356678200; 57191172071; 57191854254; 55441118000; 57221919962; 55279774300; 43360904200; 6508166420; 35271380400; 7005148075; 36627851000; 7006319230; 56514949800; 55348923700; 55789158500; 6701852507; 6602806448; 7005699469; 12805385500; 55845982300; 57208321725; 57203026080; 35276941600; 50660994600; 55324722200; 36984595000; 56714950900; 35500782800; 57137032900; 55721215400; 57194012321; 57203071154; 36918061000; 57740566800; 7402605418; 7102087612; 55432044800; 6701566715; 36343331100; 57208319438; 57190763305; 57217298918; 55672037000; 7201652905; 6603366433; 7007145665; 57204917506; 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6602385337; 7403379491; 56514768700; 55062308500; 8549462000; 41261393900; 7501580011; 35177706000; 57220492198; 57213650539; 24474502900; 57208319984; 57741368900; 7101972462; 7409793158; 57203315593; 14822305000; 6506130985; 57208319636; 36602942700; 36468978100; 9334114100; 57208317887; 6602996781; 7102469161; 7102566883; 14822547000; 23394037500; 8417996900; 57204110751; 16507126000; 6602270674; 57741369000; 26427757600; 57208318201; 57193601411; 57208315837; 57208315112; 23487131600; 57194337330; 7101707357; 14822728000; 14049332700; 55950083100; 6505772744 | ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS | ASTROPHYS J LETT | 2041-8205 | 2041-8213 | 930 | 2 | SCIE | ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS | 2022 | 7.9 | 10.9 | 18.27 | 2025-06-25 | 296 | 223 | SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLE; GALACTIC-CENTER MAGNETAR; GHZ VLBI OBSERVATIONS; SCATTER-BROADENED IMAGE; RAY FLARING PROPERTIES; COMPACT RADIO-SOURCE; PARSEC-SCALE JET; X-RAY; INTRINSIC SIZE; ACCRETION FLOW | English | 2022 | 2022-05-01 | 10.3847/2041-8213/ac6675 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | |||||
| ○ | ○ | Article | First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. III. Imaging of the Galactic Center Supermassive Black Hole | We present the first event-horizon-scale images and spatiotemporal analysis of Sgr A* taken with the Event Horizon Telescope in 2017 April at a wavelength of 1.3 mm. Imaging of Sgr A* has been conducted through surveys over a wide range of imaging assumptions using the classical CLEAN algorithm, regularized maximum likelihood methods, and a Bayesian posterior sampling method. Different prescriptions have been used to account for scattering effects by the interstellar medium toward the Galactic center. Mitigation of the rapid intraday variability that characterizes Sgr A* has been carried out through the addition of a "variability noise budget" in the observed visibilities, facilitating the reconstruction of static full-track images. Our static reconstructions of Sgr A* can be clustered into four representative morphologies that correspond to ring images with three different azimuthal brightness distributions and a small cluster that contains diverse nonring morphologies. Based on our extensive analysis of the effects of sparse (u, v)-coverage, source variability, and interstellar scattering, as well as studies of simulated visibility data, we conclude that the Event Horizon Telescope Sgr A* data show compelling evidence for an image that is dominated by a bright ring of emission with a ring diameter of similar to 50 mu as, consistent with the expected "shadow" of a 4 x 10(6) M (circle dot) black hole in the Galactic center located at a distance of 8 kpc. | Akiyama, Kazunori; Alberdi, Antxon; Alef, Walter; Algaba, Juan Carlos; Anantua, Richard; Asada, Keiichi; Azulay, Rebecca; Bach, Uwe; Baczko, Anne-Kathrin; Ball, David; Balokovic, Mislav; Barrett, John; Baubock, Michi; Benson, Bradford A.; Bintley, Dan; Blackburn, Lindy; Blundell, Raymond; Bouman, Katherine L.; Bower, Geoffrey C.; Boyce, Hope; Bremer, Michael; Brinkerink, Christiaan D.; Brissenden, Roger; Britzen, Silke; Broderick, Avery E.; Broguiere, Dominique; Bronzwaer, Thomas; Bustamante, Sandra; Byun, Do-Young; Carlstrom, John E.; Ceccobello, Chiara; Chael, Andrew; Chan, Chi-kwan; Chatterjee, Koushik; Chatterjee, Shami; Chen, Ming-Tang; Chen, Yongjun; Cheng, Xiaopeng; Cho, Ilje; Christian, Pierre; Conroy, Nicholas S.; Conway, John E.; Cordes, James M.; Crawford, Thomas M.; Crew, Geoffrey B.; Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro; Cui, Yuzhu; Davelaar, Jordy; De Laurentis, Mariafelicia; Deane, Roger; Dempsey, Jessica; Desvignes, Gregory; Dexter, Jason; Dhruv, Vedant; Doeleman, Sheperd S.; Dougal, Sean; Dzib, Sergio A.; Eatough, Ralph P.; Emami, Razieh; Falcke, Heino; Farah, Joseph; Fish, Vincent L.; Fomalont, Ed; Ford, H. Alyson; Fraga-Encinas, Raquel; Freeman, William T.; Friberg, Per; Fromm, Christian M.; Fuentes, Antonio; Galison, Peter; Gammie, Charles F.; Garcia, Roberto; Gentaz, Olivier; Georgiev, Boris; Goddi, Ciriaco; Gold, Roman; Gomez-Ruiz, Arturo, I; Gomez, Jose L.; Gu, Minfeng; Gurwell, Mark; Hada, Kazuhiro; Haggard, Daryl; Haworth, Kari; Hecht, Michael H.; Hesper, Ronald; Heumann, Dirk; Ho, Luis C.; Ho, Paul; Honma, Mareki; Huang, Chih-Wei L.; Huang, Lei; Hughes, David H.; Ikeda, Shiro; Impellizzeri, C. M. Violette; Inoue, Makoto; Issaoun, Sara; James, David J.; Jannuzi, Buell T.; Janssen, Michael; Jeter, Britton; Jiang, Wu; Jimenez-Rosales, Alejandra; Johnson, Michael D.; Jorstad, Svetlana; Joshi, Abhishek, V; Jung, Taehyun; Karami, Mansour; Karuppusamy, Ramesh; Kawashima, Tomohisa; Keating, Garrett K.; Kettenis, Mark; Kim, Dong-Jin; Kim, Jae-Young; Kim, Jongsoo; Kim, Junhan; Kino, Motoki; Koay, Jun Yi; Kocherlakota, Prashant; Kofuji, Yutaro; Koch, Patrick M.; Koyama, Shoko; Kramer, Carsten; Kramer, Michael; Krichbaum, Thomas P.; Kuo, Cheng-Yu; La Bella, Noemi; Lauer, Tod R.; Lee, Daeyoung; Lee, Sang-Sung; Leung, Po Kin; Levis, Aviad; Li, Zhiyuan; Lico, Rocco; Lindahl, Greg; Lindqvist, Michael; Lisakov, Mikhail; Liu, Jun; Liu, Kuo; Liuzzo, Elisabetta; Lo, Wen-Ping; Lobanov, Andrei P.; Loinard, Laurent; Lonsdale, Colin J.; Lu, Ru-Sen; Mao, Jirong; Marchili, Nicola; Markoff, Sera; Marrone, Daniel P.; Marscher, Alan P.; Marti-Vidal, Ivan; Matsushita, Satoki; Matthews, Lynn D.; Medeiros, Lia; Menten, Karl M.; Michalik, Daniel; Mizuno, Izumi; Mizuno, Yosuke; Moran, James M.; Moriyama, Kotaro; Moscibrodzka, Monika; Mueller, Cornelia; Mus, Alejandro; Musoke, Gibwa; Myserlis, Ioannis; Nadolski, Andrew; Nagai, Hiroshi; Nagar, Neil M.; Nakamura, Masanori; Narayan, Ramesh; Narayanan, Gopal; Natarajan, Iniyan; Nathanail, Antonios; Fuentes, Santiago Navarro; Neilsen, Joey; Neri, Roberto; Ni, Chunchong; Noutsos, Aristeidis; Nowak, Michael A.; Oh, Junghwan; Okino, Hiroki; Olivares, Hector; Ortiz-Leon, Gisela N.; Oyama, Tomoaki; Ozel, Feryal; Palumbo, Daniel C. M.; Paraschos, Georgios Filippos; Park, Jongho; Parsons, Harriet; Patel, Nimesh; Pen, Ue-Li; Pesce, Dominic W.; Pietu, Vincent; Plambeck, Richard; PopStefanija, Aleksandar; Porth, Oliver; Potzl, Felix M.; Prather, Ben; Preciado-Lopez, Jorge A.; Psaltis, Dimitrios; Pu, Hung-Yi; Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh; Rao, Ramprasad; Rawlings, Mark G.; Raymond, Alexander W.; Rezzolla, Luciano; Ricarte, Angelo; Ripperda, Bart; Roelofs, Freek; Rogers, Alan; Ros, Eduardo; Romero-Canizales, Cristina; Roshanineshat, Arash; Rottmann, Helge; Roy, Alan L.; Ruiz, Ignacio; Ruszczyk, Chet; Rygl, Kazi L. J.; Sanchez, Salvador; Sanchez-Arguelles, David; Sanchez-Portal, Miguel; Sasada, Mahito; Satapathy, Kaushik; Savolainen, Tuomas; Schloerb, F. Peter; Schonfeld, Jonathan; Schuster, Karl-Friedrich; Shao, Lijing; Shen, Zhiqiang; Small, Des; Sohn, Bong Won; SooHoo, Jason; Souccar, Kamal; Tazaki, Fumie; Tetarenko, Alexandra J.; Tiede, Paul; Tilanus, Remo P. J.; Titus, Michael; Torne, Pablo; Traianou, Efthalia; Trent, Tyler; Trippe, Sascha; Turk, Matthew; van Bemmel, Ilse; van Langevelde, Huib Jan; van Rossum, Daniel R.; Vos, Jesse; Wagner, Jan; Ward-Thompson, Derek; Wardle, John; Weintroub, Jonathan; Wex, Norbert; Wharton, Robert; Wielgus, Maciek; Wiik, Kaj; Witzel, Gunther; Wondrak, Michael F.; Wong, George N.; Wu, Qingwen; Yamaguchi, Paul; Yoon, Doosoo; Young, Andre; Young, Ken; Younsi, Ziri; Yuan, Feng; Yuan, Ye-Fei; Zensus, J. 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55663305800; 57192669640; 55952822800; 25652194300; 7403324447; 57208321653; 25628978700; 44561693800; 6602795601; 57192429990; 43361892500; 56658751100; 56657947900; 6701628482; 7007019201; 57190767230; 57204824800; 57208316147; 8559107900; 24077308500; 6602323834; 6603776865; 36057630500; 57220895149; 55236056100; 7004002583; 36613480200; 23487579300; 6603048295; 55262937300; 52164611300; 7004299975; 24833754300; 57189852229; 57208320165; 57207446777; 56721395200; 54384535700; 56221262400; 7402601128; 55347813900; 57203725419; 35185850600; 7004929291; 55767566800; 55478882500; 55877039000 | ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS | ASTROPHYS J LETT | 2041-8205 | 2041-8213 | 930 | 2 | SCIE | ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS | 2022 | 7.9 | 10.9 | 21.88 | 2025-06-25 | 340 | 265 | MAGNETIC-FIELD STRUCTURE; SCATTER-BROADENED IMAGE; VLBI OBSERVATIONS; RADIO-SOURCE; ASYMMETRIC STRUCTURE; SCALE STRUCTURE; INTRINSIC SIZE; PROPER-MOTION; LIGHT CURVES; STAR S2 | English | 2022 | 2022-05-01 | 10.3847/2041-8213/ac6429 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | |||||
| ○ | ○ | Article | First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. IV. Variability, Morphology, and Black Hole Mass | In this paper we quantify the temporal variability and image morphology of the horizon-scale emission from Sgr A*, as observed by the EHT in 2017 April at a wavelength of 1.3 mm. We find that the Sgr A* data exhibit variability that exceeds what can be explained by the uncertainties in the data or by the effects of interstellar scattering. The magnitude of this variability can be a substantial fraction of the correlated flux density, reaching similar to 100% on some baselines. Through an exploration of simple geometric source models, we demonstrate that ring-like morphologies provide better fits to the Sgr A* data than do other morphologies with comparable complexity. We develop two strategies for fitting static geometric ring models to the time-variable Sgr A* data; one strategy fits models to short segments of data over which the source is static and averages these independent fits, while the other fits models to the full data set using a parametric model for the structural variability power spectrum around the average source structure. Both geometric modeling and image-domain feature extraction techniques determine the ring diameter to be 51.8 +/- 2.3 mu as (68% credible intervals), with the ring thickness constrained to have an FWHM between similar to 30% and 50% of the ring diameter. To bring the diameter measurements to a common physical scale, we calibrate them using synthetic data generated from GRMHD simulations. This calibration constrains the angular size of the gravitational radius to be 4.8(-0.7)(+1.4) mu as, which we combine with an independent distance measurement from maser parallaxes to determine the mass of Sgr A* to be 4.0(-0.6)(+1.1) x 10(6) M-circle dot. | Akiyama, Kazunori; Alberdi, Antxon; Alef, Walter; Algaba, Juan Carlos; Anantua, Richard; Asada, Keiichi; Azulay, Rebecca; Bach, Uwe; Baczko, Anne-Kathrin; Ball, David; Balokovic, Mislav; Barrett, John; Baubock, Michi; Benson, Bradford A.; Bintley, Dan; Blackburn, Lindy; Blundell, Raymond; Bouman, Katherine L.; Bower, Geoffrey C.; Boyce, Hope; Bremer, Michael; Brinkerink, Christiaan D.; Brissenden, Roger; Britzen, Silke; Broderick, Avery E.; Broguiere, Dominique; Bronzwaer, Thomas; Bustamante, Sandra; Byun, Do-Young; Carlstrom, John E.; Ceccobello, Chiara; Chael, Andrew; Chan, Chi-kwan; Chatterjee, Koushik; Chatterjee, Shami; Chen, Ming-Tang; Chen, Yongjun; Cheng, Xiaopeng; Cho, Ilje; Christian, Pierre; Conroy, Nicholas S.; Conway, John E.; Cordes, James M.; Crawford, Thomas M.; Crew, Geoffrey B.; Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro; Cui, Yuzhu; Davelaar, Jordy; De Laurentis, Mariafelicia; Deane, Roger; Dempsey, Jessica; Desvignes, Gregory; Dexter, Jason; Dhruv, Vedant; Doeleman, Sheperd S.; Dougal, Sean; Dzib, Sergio A.; Eatough, Ralph P.; Emami, Razieh; Falcke, Heino; Farah, Joseph; Fish, Vincent L.; Fomalont, Ed; Ford, H. Alyson; Fraga-Encinas, Raquel; Freeman, William T.; Friberg, Per; Fromm, Christian M.; Fuentes, Antonio; Galison, Peter; Gammie, Charles F.; Garcia, Roberto; Gentaz, Olivier; Georgiev, Boris; Goddi, Ciriaco; Gold, Roman; Gomez-Ruiz, Arturo, I; Gomez, Jose L.; Gu, Minfeng; Gurwell, Mark; Hada, Kazuhiro; Haggard, Daryl; Haworth, Kari; Hecht, Michael H.; Hesper, Ronald; Heumann, Dirk; Ho, Luis C.; Ho, Paul; Honma, Mareki; Huang, Chih-Wei L.; Huang, Lei; Hughes, David H.; Ikeda, Shiro; Impellizzeri, C. M. Violette; Inoue, Makoto; Issaoun, Sara; James, David J.; Jannuzi, Buell T.; Janssen, Michael; Jeter, Britton; Jiang, Wu; Jimenez-Rosales, Alejandra; Johnson, Michael D.; Jorstad, Svetlana; Joshi, Abhishek, V; Jung, Taehyun; Karami, Mansour; Karuppusamy, Ramesh; Kawashima, Tomohisa; Keating, Garrett K.; Kettenis, Mark; Kim, Dong-Jin; Kim, Jae-Young; Kim, Jongsoo; Kim, Junhan; Kino, Motoki; Koay, Jun Yi; Kocherlakota, Prashant; Kofuji, Yutaro; Koch, Patrick M.; Koyama, Shoko; Kramer, Carsten; Kramer, Michael; Krichbaum, Thomas P.; Kuo, Cheng-Yu; La Bella, Noemi; Lauer, Tod R.; Lee, Daeyoung; Lee, Sang-Sung; Leung, Po Kin; Levis, Aviad; Li, Zhiyuan; Lico, Rocco; Lindahl, Greg; Lindqvist, Michael; Lisakov, Mikhail; Liu, Jun; Liu, Kuo; Liuzzo, Elisabetta; Lo, Wen-Ping; Lobanov, Andrei P.; Loinard, Laurent; Lonsdale, Colin J.; Lu, Ru-Sen; Mao, Jirong; Marchili, Nicola; Markoff, Sera; Marrone, Daniel P.; Marscher, Alan P.; Marti-Vidal, Ivan; Matsushita, Satoki; Matthews, Lynn D.; Medeiros, Lia; Menten, Karl M.; Michalik, Daniel; Mizuno, Izumi; Mizuno, Yosuke; Moran, James M.; Moriyama, Kotaro; Moscibrodzka, Monika; Muller, Cornelia; Mus, Alejandro; Musoke, Gibwa; Myserlis, Ioannis; Nadolski, Andrew; Nagai, Hiroshi; Nagar, Neil M.; Nakamura, Masanori; Narayan, Ramesh; Narayanan, Gopal; Natarajan, Iniyan; Nathanail, Antonios; Fuentes, Santiago Navarro; Neilsen, Joey; Neri, Roberto; Ni, Chunchong; Noutsos, Aristeidis; Nowak, Michael A.; Oh, Junghwan; Okino, Hiroki; Olivares, Hector; Ortiz-Leon, Gisela N.; Oyama, Tomoaki; Palumbo, Daniel C. M.; Paraschos, Georgios Filippos; Park, Jongho; Parsons, Harriet; Patel, Nimesh; Pen, Ue-Li; Pesce, Dominic W.; Pietu, Vincent; Plambeck, Richard; PopStefanija, Aleksandar; Porth, Oliver; Potzl, Felix M.; Prather, Ben; Preciado-Lopez, Jorge A.; Pu, Hung-Yi; Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh; Rao, Ramprasad; Rawlings, Mark G.; Raymond, Alexander W.; Rezzolla, Luciano; Ricarte, Angelo; Ripperda, Bart; Roelofs, Freek; Rogers, Alan; Ros, Eduardo; Romero-Canizales, Cristina; Roshanineshat, Arash; Rottmann, Helge; Roy, Alan L.; Ruiz, Ignacio; Ruszczyk, Chet; Rygl, Kazi L. J.; Sanchez, Salvador; Sanchez-Arguelles, David; Sanchez-Portal, Miguel; Sasada, Mahito; Satapathy, Kaushik; Savolainen, Tuomas; Schloerb, F. Peter; Schonfeld, Jonathan; Schuster, Karl-Friedrich; Shao, Lijing; Shen, Zhiqiang; Small, Des; Sohn, Bong Won; SooHoo, Jason; Souccar, Kamal; Sun, He; Tazaki, Fumie; Tetarenko, Alexandra J.; Tiede, Paul; Tilanus, Remo P. J.; Titus, Michael; Torne, Pablo; Traianou, Efthalia; Trent, Tyler; Trippe, Sascha; Turk, Matthew; van Bemmel, Ilse; van Langevelde, Huib Jan; van Rossum, Daniel R.; Vos, Jesse; Wagner, Jan; Ward-Thompson, Derek; Wardle, John; Weintroub, Jonathan; Wex, Norbert; Wharton, Robert; Wielgus, Maciek; Wiik, Kaj; Witzel, Gunther; Wondrak, Michael F.; Wong, George N.; Wu, Qingwen; Yamaguchi, Paul; Yoon, Doosoo; Young, Andre; Young, Ken; Younsi, Ziri; Yuan, Feng; Yuan, Ye-Fei; Zensus, J. 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Aalto Univ, Dept Elect & Nanoengn, PL 15500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland; Yonsei Univ, Dept Astron, Yonsei Ro 50, Seoul 03722, South Korea; Texas Tech Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA; Netherlands Org Sci Res NWO, Postbus 93138, NL-2509 AC The Hague, Netherlands; Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA; Univ Cent Lancashire, Jeremiah Horrocks Inst, Preston PR1 2HE, Lancs, England; Brandeis Univ, Phys Dept, 415 South St, Waltham, MA 02453 USA; Univ Turku, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuorla Observ, Turku, Finland; Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Princeton Univ, Princeton Grav Initiat, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA; Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Phys, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, Peoples R China; Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England; Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Sch Astron & Space Sci, 19A Yuquan Rd, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China; Univ Sci & Technol China, Astron Dept, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China; Bard Coll, 30 Campus Rd, Annandale On Hudson, NY 12504 USA | ; Pen, Ue-Li/AAX-6083-2021; Algaba, Juan Carlos/AAB-4526-2022; Jorstad, Svetlana/AAM-3279-2021; Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh/C-8628-2017; Goddi, Ciriaco/AAN-4033-2021; Myserlis, Ioannis/MCY-5944-2025; Lobanov, Andrei/G-5891-2014; Cheng, Xiaopeng/ABX-5356-2022; Shao, Lijing/GRO-6046-2022; Ceccobello, Chiara/AAD-4283-2022; Koay, Jun Yi/E-4952-2015; Barrett, John/K-8867-2014; Moriyama, Kotaro/NGQ-8643-2025; Kim, Junhan/LTZ-1683-2024; ALBERDI, ANTONIO/H-6432-2015; Schuster, Karling/JMP-9441-2023; Cui, Yuzhu/MBG-4427-2025; Johnson, Matthew/B-6276-2015; Lisakov, Mikhail/JAX-3277-2023; Kawashima, Tomohisa/GYD-8953-2022; Lee, Dae-Young/AAI-6981-2020; Ros, Eduardo/B-1014-2015; nagar, neil/AAG-4543-2020; Bach, Udo/F-3880-2012; Bower, Geoffrey/ABC-8386-2020; Kramer, Michael/KLY-3270-2024; Liu, Kuo/AAM-1431-2021; Sanchez-Portal, Miguel/AAB-5014-2019; Kino, Motoki/LQK-9129-2024; Bloch, Michael/O-7845-2017; Park, Jongho/JFB-2747-2023; Wielgus, Maciek/JEF-6647-2023; Mellon, Michael/C-3456-2016; Fuentes, Antonio/R-3900-2019; shuo, zhang/KGM-7804-2024; Zhao, Guang-Yao/AAA-7324-2019; Pesce, Dominic/AAX-6358-2021; Falcke, Heino/H-5262-2012; Matsushita, Satoki/ABD-5562-2020; 浅田圭一, Keiichi/ABC-2456-2020; Baczko, Anne-Kathrin/AAW-2724-2020; Sanchez, David/KIH-3142-2024; Gold, Roman/AAX-5851-2021; li, zhiyuan/HGD-9581-2022; Ho, Paul/AAZ-5108-2020; Cruz Osorio, Alejandro/GQQ-8823-2022; Chen, Ming-Tang/ABC-7461-2020; Azulay, Rebecca/U-2560-2017; Koay, Jun/E-4952-2015; Loinard, Laurent/MCX-8116-2025; Li, Juanjuan/J-3914-2017; Ikeda, Shiro/E-1736-2016; Zamorano, Jose/ABU-6635-2022; Wagner, Jan/LTZ-8501-2024; Wong, George/AAL-1016-2021; Asada, Keiichi/ABC-2456-2020; ho, paul/AAZ-5108-2020; Rezzolla, Luciano/JPK-1036-2023; Impellizzeri, Violette/JQW-3813-2023; Lico, Rocco/L-8308-2019; Lee, Sang-Sung/AFS-2722-2022; Turk, Matthew/GXV-9589-2022; Chatterjee, Shami/AAE-8374-2022; Torne, Pablo/MIP-4319-2025; Olivares Sanchez, Hector Raul/KWU-1646-2024; Sasada, Mahito/ABD-5766-2020; huang, lei/GQP-8739-2022; Koch, Patrick/AAV-3373-2021; Rao, Ramprasad/L-2115-2017; Olivares, Hector/KWU-1646-2024; 韓之強, Chih/AAZ-8498-2020; Cho, Ilje/LSL-5339-2024; Kim, Jae-Young/IUO-6466-2023 | 55669706400; 7004247728; 6603338811; 25640916000; 34876318600; 7102181737; 55974067100; 8356678200; 57191172071; 57191854254; 55441118000; 57221919962; 55279774300; 43360904200; 6508166420; 35271380400; 7005148075; 36627851000; 7006319230; 56514949800; 55348923700; 55789158500; 6701852507; 6602806448; 7005699469; 12805385500; 55845982300; 57208321725; 57203026080; 35276941600; 50660994600; 55324722200; 36984595000; 56714950900; 35500782800; 57137032900; 55721215400; 57194012321; 57203071154; 36918061000; 57740566800; 7402605418; 7102087612; 55432044800; 6701566715; 36343331100; 57208319438; 57190763305; 57217298918; 55672037000; 7201652905; 6603366433; 7007145665; 57204917506; 6602389278; 57741208200; 36069153100; 26029120300; 36052830400; 7006807059; 57208317480; 6701500929; 7003593226; 25640790700; 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57192669640; 55952822800; 25652194300; 7403324447; 57208321653; 25628978700; 44561693800; 6602795601; 57192429990; 43361892500; 56658751100; 56657947900; 6701628482; 7007019201; 57190767230; 57204824800; 57208316147; 8559107900; 24077308500; 6602323834; 6603776865; 36057630500; 57220895149; 55236056100; 7004002583; 36613480200; 23487579300; 6603048295; 55262937300; 52164611300; 7004299975; 24833754300; 57189852229; 57208320165; 57207446777; 56721395200; 54384535700; 56221262400; 7402601128; 55347813900; 57203725419; 35185850600; 7004929291; 55767566800; 55478882500; 55877039000; 57223840952 | DWard-Thompson@uclan.ac.uk; | ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS | ASTROPHYS J LETT | 2041-8205 | 2041-8213 | 930 | 2 | SCIE | ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS | 2022 | 7.9 | 10.9 | 17.52 | 2025-06-25 | 293 | 212 | MAGNETIC-FIELD STRUCTURE; GALACTIC-CENTER; M87; SHADOW; POLARIZATION; IMAGE; VLBI; INTERFEROMETRY; DISTRIBUTIONS; EMISSION | English | 2022 | 2022-05-01 | 10.3847/2041-8213/ac6736 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||||
| ○ | ○ | Article | First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. V. Testing Astrophysical Models of the Galactic Center Black Hole | In this paper we provide a first physical interpretation for the Event Horizon Telescope's (EHT) 2017 observations of Sgr A*. Our main approach is to compare resolved EHT data at 230 GHz and unresolved non-EHT observations from radio to X-ray wavelengths to predictions from a library of models based on time-dependent general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics simulations, including aligned, tilted, and stellar-wind-fed simulations; radiative transfer is performed assuming both thermal and nonthermal electron distribution functions. We test the models against 11 constraints drawn from EHT 230 GHz data and observations at 86 GHz, 2.2 mu m, and in the X-ray. All models fail at least one constraint. Light-curve variability provides a particularly severe constraint, failing nearly all strongly magnetized (magnetically arrested disk (MAD)) models and a large fraction of weakly magnetized models. A number of models fail only the variability constraints. We identify a promising cluster of these models, which are MAD and have inclination i = 70 degrees fail at least two constraints, as do all models with equal ion and electron temperature; exploratory, nonthermal model sets tend to have higher 2.2 mu m flux density; and the population of cold electrons is limited by X-ray constraints due to the risk of bremsstrahlung overproduction. Finally, we discuss physical and numerical limitations of the models, highlighting the possible importance of kinetic effects and duration of the simulations. | Akiyama, Kazunori; Alberdi, Antxon; Alef, Walter; Algaba, Juan Carlos; Anantua, Richard; Asada, Keiichi; Azulay, Rebecca; Bach, Uwe; Baczko, Anne-Kathrin; Ball, David; Balokovic, Mislav; Barrett, John; Baubock, Michi; Benson, Bradford A.; Bintley, Dan; Blackburn, Lindy; Blundell, Raymond; Bouman, Katherine L.; Bower, Geoffrey C.; Boyce, Hope; Bremer, Michael; Brinkerink, Christiaan D.; Brissenden, Roger; Britzen, Silke; Broderick, Avery E.; Broguiere, Dominique; Bronzwaer, Thomas; Bustamante, Sandra; Byun, Do-Young; Carlstrom, John E.; Ceccobello, Chiara; Chael, Andrew; Chan, Chi-kwan; Chatterjee, Koushik; Chatterjee, Shami; Chen, Ming-Tang; Chen, Yongjun; Cheng, Xiaopeng; Cho, Ilje; Christian, Pierre; Conroy, Nicholas S.; Conway, John E.; Cordes, James M.; Crawford, Thomas M.; Crew, Geoffrey B.; Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro; Cui, Yuzhu; Davelaar, Jordy; De Laurentis, Mariafelicia; Deane, Roger; Dempsey, Jessica; Desvignes, Gregory; Dexter, Jason; Dhruv, Vedant; Doeleman, Sheperd S.; Dougal, Sean; Dzib, Sergio A.; Eatough, Ralph P.; Emami, Razieh; Falcke, Heino; Farah, Joseph; Fish, Vincent L.; Fomalont, Ed; Ford, H. Alyson; Fraga-Encinas, Raquel; Freeman, William T.; Friberg, Per; Fromm, Christian M.; Fuentes, Antonio; Galison, Peter; Gammie, Charles F.; Garcia, Roberto; Gentaz, Olivier; Georgiev, Boris; Goddi, Ciriaco; Gold, Roman; Gomez-Ruiz, Arturo, I; Gomez, Jose L.; Gu, Minfeng; Gurwell, Mark; Hada, Kazuhiro; Haggard, Daryl; Haworth, Kari; Hecht, Michael H.; Hesper, Ronald; Heumann, Dirk; Ho, Luis C.; Ho, Paul; Honma, Mareki; Huang, Chih-Wei L.; Huang, Lei; Hughes, David H.; Ikeda, Shiro; Impellizzeri, C. M. Violette; Inoue, Makoto; Issaoun, Sara; James, David J.; Jannuzi, Buell T.; Janssen, Michael; Jeter, Britton; Jiang, Wu; Jimenez-Rosales, Alejandra; Johnson, Michael D.; Jorstad, Svetlana; Joshi, Abhishek, V; Jung, Taehyun; Karami, Mansour; Karuppusamy, Ramesh; Kawashima, Tomohisa; Keating, Garrett K.; Kettenis, Mark; Kim, Dong-Jin; Kim, Jae-Young; Kim, Jongsoo; Kim, Junhan; Kino, Motoki; Koay, Jun Yi; Kocherlakota, Prashant; Kofuji, Yutaro; Koch, Patrick M.; Koyama, Shoko; Kramer, Carsten; Kramer, Michael; Krichbaum, Thomas P.; Kuo, Cheng-Yu; La Bella, Noemi; Lauer, Tod R.; Lee, Daeyoung; Lee, Sang-Sung; Leung, Po Kin; Levis, Aviad; Li, Zhiyuan; Lico, Rocco; Lindahl, Greg; Lindqvist, Michael; Lisakov, Mikhail; Liu, Jun; Liu, Kuo; Liuzzo, Elisabetta; Lo, Wen-Ping; Lobanov, Andrei P.; Loinard, Laurent; Lonsdale, Colin J.; Lu, Ru-Sen; Mao, Jirong; Marchili, Nicola; Markoff, Sera; Marrone, Daniel P.; Marscher, Alan P.; Marti-Vidal, Ivan; Matsushita, Satoki; Matthews, Lynn D.; Medeiros, Lia; Menten, Karl M.; Michalik, Daniel; Mizuno, Izumi; Mizuno, Yosuke; Moran, James M.; Moriyama, Kotaro; Moscibrodzka, Monika; Mueller, Cornelia; Mus, Alejandro; Musoke, Gibwa; Myserlis, Ioannis; Nadolski, Andrew; Nagai, Hiroshi; Nagar, Neil M.; Nakamura, Masanori; Narayan, Ramesh; Narayanan, Gopal; Natarajan, Iniyan; Nathanail, Antonios; Fuentes, Santiago Navarro; Neilsen, Joey; Neri, Roberto; Ni, Chunchong; Noutsos, Aristeidis; Nowak, Michael A.; Oh, Junghwan; Okino, Hiroki; Olivares, Hector; Ortiz-Leon, Gisela N.; Oyama, Tomoaki; Ozel, Feryal; Palumbo, Daniel C. M.; Paraschos, Georgios Filippos; Park, Jongho; Parsons, Harriet; Patel, Nimesh; Pen, Ue-Li; Pesce, Dominic W.; Pietu, Vincent; Plambeck, Richard; PopStefanija, Aleksandar; Porth, Oliver; Potzl, Felix M.; Ben Prather; Preciado-Lopez, Jorge A.; Psaltis, Dimitrios; Pu, Hung-Yi; Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh; Rao, Ramprasad; Rawlings, Mark G.; Raymond, Alexander W.; Rezzolla, Luciano; Ricarte, Angelo; Ripperda, Bart; Roelofs, Freek; Rogers, Alan; Ros, Eduardo; Romero-Canizales, Cristina; Roshanineshat, Arash; Rottmann, Helge; Roy, Alan L.; Ruiz, Ignacio; Ruszczyk, Chet; Rygl, Kazi L. J.; Sanchez, Salvador; Sanchez-Arguelles, David; Sanchez-Portal, Miguel; Sasada, Mahito; Satapathy, Kaushik; Savolainen, Tuomas; Schloerb, F. Peter; Schonfeld, Jonathan; Schuster, Karl-Friedrich; Shao, Lijing; Shen, Zhiqiang; Des Small; Sohn, Bong Won; SooHoo, Jason; Souccar, Kamal; Sun, He; Tazaki, Fumie; Tetarenko, Alexandra J.; Tiede, Paul; Tilanus, Remo P. J.; Titus, Michael; Torne, Pablo; Traianou, Efthalia; Trent, Tyler; Trippe, Sascha; Turk, Matthew; van Bemmel, Ilse; van Langevelde, Huib Jan; van Rossum, Daniel R.; Vos, Jesse; Wagner, Jan; Ward-Thompson, Derek; Wardle, John; Weintroub, Jonathan; Wex, Norbert; Wharton, Robert; Wielgus, Maciek; Wiik, Kaj; Witzel, Gunther; Wondrak, Michael F.; Wong, George N.; Wu, Qingwen; Yamaguchi, Paul; Yoon, Doosoo; Young, Andre; Young, Ken; Younsi, Ziri; Yuan, Feng; Yuan, Ye-Fei; Zensus, J. Anton; Zhang, Shuo; Zhao, Guang-Yao; Zhao, Shan-Shan; Chan, Tin Lok; Qiu, Richard; Ressler, Sean; White, Chris | MIT, Haystack Observ, 99 Millstone Rd, Westford, MA 01886 USA; Natl Astron Observ Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan; Harvard Univ, Black Hole Initiat, 20 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA; CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, Glorieta Astron S-N, E-18008 Granada, Spain; Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Hugel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany; Univ Malaya, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; Ctr Astrophys Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA; Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Phys & Astron, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA; Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, 11F Astron Math Bldg,AS NTU 1,Sec 4,Roosevelt Rd, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; Univ Valencia, Dept Astron & Astrofis, C Dr Moliner 50, E-46100 Valencia, Spain; Univ Valencia, Observ Astron, C Catedrat Jose Beltran 2, E-46980 Valencia, Spain; Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA; Univ Arizona, Dept Astron, 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA; Yale Univ, Yale Ctr Astron & Astrophys, 52 Hillhouse Ave, New Haven, CT 06511 USA; Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, 1110 West Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA; Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, MS209,POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA; Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 5640 South Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA; East Asian Observ, 660 N Aohoku Pl, Hilo, HI 96720 USA; James Clerk Maxwell Telescope JCMT, 660 N Aohoku Pl, Hilo, HI 96720 USA; CALTECH, 1200 East Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA; Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, 645 N Aohoku Pl, Hilo, HI 96720 USA; Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Phys & Astron, 2505 Correa Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA; McGill Univ, Dept Phys, 3600 Rue Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada; McGill Univ, McGill Space Inst, 3550 Rue Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2A7, Canada; Inst Radioastron Millimetr IRAM, 300 Rue Piscine, F-38406 St Martin Dheres, France; Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Inst Math Astrophys & Particle Phys IMAPP, Dept Astrophys, POB 9010, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands; Perimeter Inst Theoret Phys, 31 Caroline St N, Waterloo, ON N2L 2Y5, Canada; Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys & Astron, 200 Univ Ave, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; Univ Waterloo, Waterloo Ctr Astrophys, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA; Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst, Daedeok Daero 776, Daejeon 34055, South Korea; Univ Sci & Technol, Gajeong Ro 217, Daejeon 34113, South Korea; Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, 5640 South Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA; Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, 5720 South Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA; Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, 5640 South Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA; Chalmers Univ Technol, Dept Space Earth & Environm, Onsala Space Observ, SE-43992 Onsala, Sweden; Princeton Univ, Princeton Ctr Theoret Sci, Jadwin Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA; NASA Hubble Fellowship Program, Washington, DC USA; Univ Arizona, Data Sci Inst, 1230 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA; Univ Arizona, Program Appl Math, 617 N Santa Rita, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA; Cornell Univ, Cornell Ctr Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA; Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Astron Observ, 80 Nandan Rd, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China; Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Radio Astron, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China; Fairfield Univ, Phys Dept, 1073 North Benson Rd, Fairfield, CT 06824 USA; Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, 1002 West Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA; Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Theoret Phys, Max von Laue Str 1, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany; Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Tsung Dao Lee Inst, Shengrong Rd 520, Shanghai 201210, Peoples R China; Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mizusawa VLBI Observ, 2-12 Hoshigaoka, Oshu, Iwate 0230861, Japan; Grad Univ Adv Studies SOKENDAI, Dept Astron Sci, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan; Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, 550 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA; Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, 550 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA; Flatiron Inst, Ctr Computat Astrophys, 162 Fifth Ave, New York, NY 10010 USA; Univ Napoli Federico II, Compl Univ Monte S Angelo, Dipartimento Fis E Pancini, Edificio G,Via Cinthia, I-80126 Naples, Italy; Compl Univ Monte S Angelo, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Napoli, Edificio G,Via Cinthia, I-80126 Naples, Italy; Univ Witwatersrand, Wits Ctr Astrophys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa; Univ Pretoria, Dept Phys, ZA-0028 Pretoria, South Africa; Rhodes Univ, Ctr Radio Astron Tech & Technol, Dept Phys & Elect, ZA-6140 Makhanda, South Africa; ASTRON, Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4, NL-7991 PD Dwingeloo, Netherlands; Univ Paris, Observ Paris, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,LESIA,Univ PSL, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France; Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observ, 20A Datun Rd, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China; Cumbres Observ, 6740 Cortona Dr,Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117 USA; Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA; Natl Radio Astron Observ, 520 Edgemont Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA; MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, 32-D476,77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA; Google Res, 355 Main St, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA; Univ Wurzburg, Inst Theoret Phys & Astrophys, Emil Fischer Str 31, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany; Harvard Univ, Dept Hist Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA; Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA; Univ Illinois, NCSA, 1205 W Clark St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA; Univ Cagliari, Dipartimento Fis, SP Monserrato Sestu Km 0-7, I-09042 Monserrato, Italy; INAF Osservatorio Astron Cagliari, Via Sci 5, I-09047 Selargius, CA, Italy; Univ Southern Denmark, CP3 Origins, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark; Inst Nacl Astrofis Opt & Electr, Apartado Postal 51 & 216, Puebla 72000, Pue, Mexico; Consejo Nacl Ciencia & Technol, Av Insurgentes Sur 1582, Ciudad De Mexico 03940, Mexico; Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Res Galaxies & Cosmol, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China; Univ Groningen, Kapteyn Astron Inst, NOVA Sub Mm Instrumentat Grp, Landleven 12, NL-9747 AD Groningen, Netherlands; Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Dept Astron, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China; Peking Univ, Kavli Inst Astron & Astrophys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China; Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Astron, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan; Inst Stat Math, 10-3 Midori Cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 1908562, Japan; Grad Univ Adv Studies SOKENDAI, Dept Stat Sci, 10-3 Midori Cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 1908562, Japan; Univ Tokyo, Kavli Inst Phys & Math Universe, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778583, Japan; Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, Postbus 2300, NL-9513 RA Leiden, Netherlands; ASTRAVEO LLC, POB 1668, Gloucester, MA 01931 USA; Boston Univ, Inst Astrophys Res, 725 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA; Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan; Joint Inst VLBI ERIC JIVE, Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4, NL-7991 PD Dwingeloo, Netherlands; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Astron & Atmospher Sci, Daegu 702701, South Korea; Kogakuin Univ Technol & Engn, Acad Support Ctr, 2665-1 Nakano, Hachioji, Tokyo 1920015, Japan; Niigata Univ, Nishi Ku, 8050 Ikarashi Nino Cho, Niigata 9502181, Japan; Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Phys Dept, 70 Lien Hai Rd, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; Natl Opt Astron Observ, 950 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA; Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Phys, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China; Nanjing Univ, Sch Astron & Space Sci, Nanjing 210023, Peoples R China; Nanjing Univ, Key Lab Modern Astron & Astrophys, Nanjing 210023, Peoples R China; INAF Ist Radioastron, Via P Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy; Italian ALMA Reg Ctr, Via P Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy; Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Phys, 1,Sec 4,Roosevelt Rd, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Radioastron & Astrofis, Morelia 58089, Michoacan, Mexico; Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Apdo Postal 70-264, Ciudad De Mexico, Mexico; Chinese Acad Sci, Yunnan Observ, Kunming 650011, Yunnan, Peoples R China; Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Astron Megasci, 20A Datun Rd, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China; Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Struct & Evolut Celestial Objects, Kunming 650011, Yunnan, Peoples R China; Univ Amsterdam, Anton Pannekoek Inst Astron, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands; Univ Amsterdam, Gravitat & Astroparticle Phys Amsterdam GRAPPA In, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands; Inst Adv Study, Sch Nat Sci, 1 Einstein Dr, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA; European Space Res & Technol Ctr ESA ESTEC, Directorate Sci, Sci Support Off, Keplerlaan 1, NL-2201 AZ Noordwijk, Netherlands; Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China; Inst Radioastron Millimetr IRAM, Ave Divina Pastora 7,Local 20, E-18012 Granada, Spain; Univ Concepcion, Astron Dept, Casilla 160-C, Concepcion, Chile; Hachinohe Coll, Natl Inst Technol, 16-1 Uwanotai, Hachinohe, Aomori 0391192, Japan; South African Radio Astron Observ, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa; Natl & Kapodistrian Univ Athens, Dept Phys, GR-15783 Zografos, Greece; Villanova Univ, Dept Phys, 800 Lancaster Ave, Villanova, PA 19085 USA; Washington Univ, Phys Dept, CB 1105, St Louis, MO 63130 USA; Sejong Univ, 209 Neungdong Ro, Seoul, South Korea; Univ Toronto, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, 60 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada; Univ Toronto, Dunlap Inst Astron & Astrophys, 50 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada; Canadian Inst Adv Res, 180 Dundas St W, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada; Univ Calif Berkeley, Radio Astron Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA; Univ Coll Cork, Dept Phys, Kane Bldg,Coll Rd, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland; Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Dept Phys, 88,Sec 4,Tingzhou Rd, Taipei 116, Taiwan; Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Ctr Astron & Gravitat, 88,Sec 4,Tingzhou Rd, Taipei 116, Taiwan; Univ Turku, Finnish Ctr Astron, ESO, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; Aalto Univ, Metsahovi Radio Observ, Metsahovintie 114, FI-02540 Kylmala, Finland; Gemini Observ NSF NOIRLab, 670 N Aohoku Pl, Hilo, HI 96720 USA; Frankfurt Inst Adv Studies, Ruth Moufang Str 1, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany; Trinity Coll Dublin, Sch Math, Dublin 2, Ireland; Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA; Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro Ku, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Tokyo 1528551, Japan; Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan; Aalto Univ, Dept Elect & Nanoengn, PL 15500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland; Yonsei Univ, Dept Astron, Yonsei Ro 50, Seoul 03722, South Korea; Texas Tech Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA; Netherlands Org Sci Res NWO, Postbus 93138, NL-2509 AC The Hague, Netherlands; Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA; Univ Cent Lancashire, Jeremiah Horrocks Inst, Preston PR1 2HE, Lancs, England; Brandeis Univ, Phys Dept, 415 South St, Waltham, MA 02453 USA; Univ Turku, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuorla Observ, Turku, Finland; Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Princeton Univ, Princeton Grav Initiat, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA; Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Phys, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, Peoples R China; Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England; Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Sch Astron & Space Sci, 19A Yuquan Rd, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China; Univ Sci & Technol China, Astron Dept, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China; Bard Coll, 30 Campus Rd, Annandale On Hudson, NY 12504 USA; Harvard Univ, John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci, 29 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA; Kavli Inst Theoret Phys, 2411 Kohn Hall, Santa Barbara, CA 93111 USA | ; Johnson, Matthew/B-6276-2015; Fuentes, Antonio/R-3900-2019; Gold, Roman/AAX-5851-2021; Bloch, Michael/O-7845-2017; Cheng, Xiaopeng/ABX-5356-2022; Lee, Dae-Young/AAI-6981-2020; Lisakov, Mikhail/JAX-3277-2023; Loinard, Laurent/MCX-8116-2025; Cho, Ilje/LSL-5339-2024; Sasada, Mahito/ABD-5766-2020; Matsushita, Satoki/ABD-5562-2020; 韓之強, Chih/AAZ-8498-2020; Zhao, Guang-Yao/AAA-7324-2019; Kim, Jae-Young/IUO-6466-2023; Kino, Motoki/LQK-9129-2024; Lobanov, Andrei/G-5891-2014; Kramer, Michael/KLY-3270-2024; Sanchez, David/KIH-3142-2024; shuo, zhang/KGM-7804-2024; Sanchez-Portal, Miguel/AAB-5014-2019; Algaba, Juan Carlos/AAB-4526-2022; nagar, neil/AAG-4543-2020; ALBERDI, ANTONIO/H-6432-2015; Shao, Lijing/GRO-6046-2022; Wong, George/AAL-1016-2021; Koay, Jun/E-4952-2015; Liu, Kuo/AAM-1431-2021; Olivares, Hector/KWU-1646-2024; Ceccobello, Chiara/AAD-4283-2022; Chen, Ming-Tang/ABC-7461-2020; Ikeda, Shiro/E-1736-2016; Jorstad, Svetlana/AAM-3279-2021; Olivares Sanchez, Hector Raul/KWU-1646-2024; Pen, Ue-Li/AAX-6083-2021; 浅田圭一, Keiichi/ABC-2456-2020; Goddi, Ciriaco/AAN-4033-2021; li, zhiyuan/HGD-9581-2022; Bower, Geoffrey/ABC-8386-2020; Pesce, Dominic/AAX-6358-2021; Lico, Rocco/L-8308-2019; Mellon, Michael/C-3456-2016; Barrett, John/K-8867-2014; Torne, Pablo/MIP-4319-2025; Azulay, Rebecca/U-2560-2017; Lee, Sang-Sung/AFS-2722-2022; Rao, Ramprasad/L-2115-2017; Impellizzeri, Violette/JQW-3813-2023; Cruz Osorio, Alejandro/GQQ-8823-2022; ho, paul/AAZ-5108-2020; Lisakov, Mikhail/M-6034-2013; Turk, Matthew/GXV-9589-2022; Ho, Paul/AAZ-5108-2020; Zamorano, Jose/ABU-6635-2022; Baczko, Anne-Kathrin/AAW-2724-2020; Chatterjee, Shami/AAE-8374-2022; Ros, Eduardo/B-1014-2015; Falcke, Heino/H-5262-2012; Asada, Keiichi/ABC-2456-2020; Koay, Jun Yi/E-4952-2015; Moriyama, Kotaro/NGQ-8643-2025; Wagner, Jan/LTZ-8501-2024; Wielgus, Maciek/JEF-6647-2023; Koch, Patrick/AAV-3373-2021; Bach, Udo/F-3880-2012; Kim, Junhan/LTZ-1683-2024; Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh/C-8628-2017; Schuster, Karling/JMP-9441-2023; huang, lei/GQP-8739-2022; Park, Jongho/JFB-2747-2023; Myserlis, Ioannis/MCY-5944-2025; Kawashima, Tomohisa/GYD-8953-2022; Rezzolla, Luciano/JPK-1036-2023; Cui, Yuzhu/MBG-4427-2025 | 55669706400; 7004247728; 6603338811; 25640916000; 34876318600; 7102181737; 55974067100; 8356678200; 57191172071; 57191854254; 55441118000; 57221919962; 55279774300; 43360904200; 6508166420; 35271380400; 7005148075; 36627851000; 7006319230; 56514949800; 55348923700; 55789158500; 6701852507; 6602806448; 7005699469; 12805385500; 55845982300; 57208321725; 57203026080; 35276941600; 50660994600; 55324722200; 36984595000; 56714950900; 35500782800; 57137032900; 55721215400; 57194012321; 57203071154; 36918061000; 57740566800; 7402605418; 7102087612; 55432044800; 6701566715; 36343331100; 57208319438; 57190763305; 57217298918; 55672037000; 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MAGNETICALLY ARRESTED ACCRETION; OPTICALLY THICK ACCRETION; ADAPTIVE MESH REFINEMENT; 3D GRMHD SIMULATIONS; IN-CELL SIMULATIONS; PAIR PRODUCING GAPS; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION | English | 2022 | 2022-05-01 | 10.3847/2041-8213/ac6672 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 |
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