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| ○ | ○ | Review | Carbon cycling in the East Sea (Japan Sea): A review | The East Sea (also known as the Japan Sea; hereafter, EJS) is a semi-enclosed marginal sea surrounded by the Korean Peninsula, Russia, and the Japanese Islands. The EJS is connected to the Pacific through shallow straits. Thus, the EJS has its own thermohaline circulation and the characteristic biogeochemistry. The deep overturning circulation plays a critical role in carbon cycling including absorption of atmospheric CO2 and its sequestration into the interior of the sea. The turnover time of the deep EJS (>1000 m) is similar to hundred years and probably varies depending on physical climate forcing. Thus, the effect of climate change on oceanic processes may be more easily detected in the EJS. In this paper, we summarize the current understanding of carbon cycling in the EJS. We focus especially on the Ulleung Basin in the southwestern EJS, from which more extensive data are available. Notable features of carbon cycling in the EJS include the following: primary productivity and the export/production ratio are higher than in the adjacent Pacific; the EJS is a net sink of atmospheric CO2 and anthropogenic CO2 content is similar to 1% of the dissolved inorganic carbon inventory; dissolved inorganic carbon in the sea interior is mostly supplied by organic matter decomposition rather than CaCO3 dissolution and thus, the deep waters are vulnerable to acidification; N:P molar ratio of the deep waters is similar to 13, lower than the Redfield ratio; concentration of dissolved organic carbon is significantly higher than in the oceans; and sediment resuspension and lateral transport is an important component of sinking particulate organic carbon (POC) flux. Another important feature is the temporal trends observed for the last few decades. For example, pH, calcium carbonate saturation status, and dissolved oxygen concentration in the sea interior have decreased, whereas dissolved inorganic carbon and likely, the inventory of anthropogenic CO2 have increased. These temporal trends have an implication on better understanding of the processes occurring more slowly in the oceans. Brief suggestions for future research that will improve our understanding of carbon cycling and its variability are provided at the end of the paper. | Kim, Minkyoung; Hwang, Jeomshik; Kim, Guebuem; Na, Taehee; Kim, Tae-Hoon; Hyun, Jung-Ho | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Coll Nat Sci, Sch Earth Syst Sci, Daegu, South Korea; Seoul Natl Univ, Res Inst Oceanog, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul, South Korea; Chonnam Natl Univ, Dept Oceanog, Gwangju, South Korea; Hanyang Univ, Dept Marine Sci & Convergence Engn, Ansan, South Korea | Kim, Guebuem/B-3636-2014 | 57212315624; 7403896714; 7403064379; 56471475100; 55763792068; 16039400600 | jeomshik@snu.ac.kr; | FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE | FRONT MAR SCI | 2296-7745 | 9 | SCIE | MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY | 2022 | 3.7 | 7.8 | 0.5 | 2025-06-25 | 12 | 12 | carbon cycling; biological carbon pump; biogeochemistry; climate change; East Sea (Japan Sea) | PARTICULATE ORGANIC-CARBON; STATION KNOT 44-DEGREES-N; BIOLOGICAL HOT-SPOT; SURFACE MIXED-LAYER; ULLEUNG BASIN; EAST/JAPAN SEA; BOTTOM WATER; SINKING PARTICLES; EXPORT PRODUCTION; TIME-SERIES | biogeochemistry; biological carbon pump; carbon cycling; climate change; East Sea (Japan Sea) | English | 2022 | 2022-08-24 | 10.3389/fmars.2022.938935 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Clinical paper International multi-center real world implementation trial to increase out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survival with a dispatcher-assisted cardio-pulmonary resuscitation package (Pan-Asian resuscitation outcomes study phase 2) | Background: Dispatcher-assisted CPR (DA-CPR) has the potential to deliver early bystander CPR (BCPR) and improve out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survival. This study in the Asia-Pacific evaluated the impact of a DA-CPR program on BCPR rates and survival. Methods: This was a three-arm, prospective, multi-national, population-based, community-level, implementation trial. Cases between January 2009 and June 2018 from the Pan-Asian Resuscitation Outcomes Study were included. Sites either implemented a comprehensive (with quality improvement tool) or a basic DA-CPR package, or served as controls. Primary outcome was survival-to-discharge/30th day post-arrest. Secondary outcomes were BCPR and favorable neurological outcome. A before-after comparison was made within each country; this before-after change was then compared across the three groups using logistic regression. Results: 170,687 cases were analyzed. Before-after comparison showed that survival to discharge was higher in the 'implementation' period in all three groups: comprehensive odds ratio (OR) 1.09, 95% confidence interval (CI; [1.0-1.19]); basic OR 1.14, 95% CI (1.08-1.2); and control OR 1.25, 95% CI (1.02-1.53). Comparing between groups, the comprehensive group had significantly higher change in BCPR (comprehensive vs control ratio of OR 1.86, 95% CI [1.66-2.09]; basic vs control ratio of OR 0.94, 95% CI [0.85-1.05]; and comprehensive vs basic ratio of OR 1.97, 95% CI [1.87- 2.08]) and survival with favorable neurological outcome (comprehensive vs basic ratio of OR 1.2, 95% CI [1.04-1.39]). Conclusion: We evaluated the impact of a DA-CPR program across heterogeneous EMS systems and demonstrated that a comprehensive DA CPR program had the most impact on BCPR and favorable neurological outcome. | Ong, Marcus Eng Hock; Shin, Sang Do; Ko, Patrick Chow-In; Lin, Xinyi; Ma, Matthew Huei-Ming; Ryoo, Hyun Wook; Wong, Kwanhathai Darin; Supasaowapak, Jirapong; Lin, Chih-Hao; Kuo, Chan-Wei; Rao, Ramana; Cai, Wenwei; Gaerlan, Faith Joan; Khursheed, Munawar; Do Ngoc Son; Sarah, Karim; El Sayed, Mazen; Al Qahtani, Saad; Tanaka, Hideharu | Duke NUS Med Sch, Prehosp & Emergency Res Ctr, Hlth Serv & Syst Res, Singapore, Singapore; Singapore Gen Hosp, Dept Emergency Med, Outram Rd, Singapore 169608, Singapore; Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Emergency Med, Coll Med, Seoul, South Korea; Seoul Natl Univ Hosp, Lab Emergency Med Serv, Biomed Res Inst, Seoul, South Korea; Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Emergency Med, Natl Taiwan Univ Hosp, Coll Med, Taipei, Taiwan; Singapore Clin Res Inst, Singapore, Singapore; Duke NUS Med Sch, Ctr Quantitat Med, Singapore, Singapore; Natl Taiwan Univ Hosp, Dept Emergency Med, Yunlin Branch, Touliu, Taiwan; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Kyungpook Natl Univ Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Emergency Med, Daegu, South Korea; Hosp Pulau Pinang, Emergency Dept, George Town, Malaysia; Rajavithi Hosp, Dept Emergency Med, Bangkok, Thailand; Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Natl Cheng Kung Univ Hosp, Coll Med, Dept Emergency Med, Tainan, Taiwan; Chang Gung Mem Hosp, Dept Emergency Med, Taoyuan, Taiwan; GVK Emergency Management & Res Inst GVK EMRI, Secunderabad, Telangana, India; Zhejiang Prov Peoples Hosp, Dept Emergency Med, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China; Southern Philippines Med Ctr, Davao, Philippines; Natl Inst Cardiovasc Dis, Emergency Dept, Karachi, Pakistan; Bach Mai Hosp, Ctr Emergency Med, Hanoi, Vietnam; Hosp Sungai Buloh, Dept Emergency Med, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia; American Univ, Dept Emergency Med, Beirut Med Ctr, Beirut, Lebanon; American Univ, Emergency Med Serv & Prehosp Care Program, Beirut Med Ctr, Beirut, Lebanon; Natl Ambulance, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates; Saudi Elect Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Kokushikan Univ, Grad Sch, Dept EMS Syst, Tokyo, Japan | Do Shin, Sang/D-6020-2012; Ong, Marcus/LNP-4888-2024 | 7006449334; 57049712400; 27171826600; 56898302600; 26039292700; 55350557500; 56446054400; 57414500100; 56181886400; 55633025300; 57414812100; 24491700200; 57213185633; 37665175000; 35081909100; 57414812200; 52363425700; 57414968800; 7406594639 | marcus.ong@duke-nus.edu.sg; | RESUSCITATION | RESUSCITATION | 0300-9572 | 1873-1570 | 171 | SCIE | CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE;EMERGENCY MEDICINE | 2022 | 6.5 | 7.8 | 4.4 | 2025-06-25 | 21 | 22 | Telephone CPR; Cardiopulmonary resuscitation; Dispatcher-assisted CPR; Bystander CPR; Emergency medical services; dispatch; Registry; Asia-Pacific; Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest | METHODOLOGY; RATIONALE; AWARENESS | Asia-Pacific; Bystander CPR; Cardiopulmonary resuscitation; Dispatcher-assisted CPR; Emergency medical services, dispatch; Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest; Registry; Telephone CPR | Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; Emergency Medical Services; Humans; Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest; Patient Discharge; Prospective Studies; Quality Improvement; aged; Article; Asia; clinical outcome; comparative study; controlled study; dispatcher assisted cardio pulmonary resuscitation; female; heart arrest; human; major clinical study; male; multicenter study; out of hospital cardiac arrest; population research; prospective study; reaction time; resuscitation; return of spontaneous circulation; survival; total quality management; clinical trial; emergency health service; hospital discharge; phase 2 clinical trial | English | 2022 | 2022-02 | 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.12.032 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Disordered development of gut microbiome interferes with the establishment of the gut ecosystem during early childhood with atopic dermatitis | The gut microbiome influences the development of allergic diseases during early childhood. However, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding of microbiome-host crosstalk. Here, we analyzed the influence of gut microbiome dynamics in early childhood on atopic dermatitis (AD) and the potential interactions between host and microbiome that control this homeostasis. We analyzed the gut microbiome in 346 fecal samples (6-36 months; 112 non-AD, 110 mild AD, and 124 moderate to severe AD) from the Longitudinal Cohort for Childhood Origin of Asthma and Allergic Disease birth cohort. The microbiome-host interactions were analyzed in animal and in vitro cell assays. Although the gut microbiome maturated with age in both AD and non-AD groups, its development was disordered in the AD group. Disordered colonization of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) producers along with age led to abnormal SCFA production and increased IgE levels. A butyrate deficiency and downregulation of GPR109A and PPAR-gamma genes were detected in AD-induced mice. Insufficient butyrate decreases the oxygen consumption rate of host cells, which can release oxygen to the gut and perturb the gut microbiome. The disordered gut microbiome development could aggravate balanced microbiome-host interactions, including immune responses during early childhood with AD. | Lee, Min-Jung; Park, Yoon Mee; Kim, Byunghyun; Tae, In Hwan; Kim, Nam-Eun; Pranata, Marina; Kim, Taewon; Won, Sungho; Kang, Nam Joo; Lee, Yun Kyung; Lee, Dong-Woo; Nam, Myung Hee; Hong, Soo-Jong; Kim, Bong-Soo | Hallym Univ, Multidisciplinary Genome Inst, Dept Life Sci, Chunchon 24252, South Korea; Asan Med Ctr, Asan Inst Life Sci, Seoul, South Korea; Korea Basic Sci Inst, Seoul Ctr, Seoul, South Korea; Seoul Natl Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Seoul, South Korea; Soonchunhyang Univ, Soonchunhyang Inst Medi Biosci, Dept Integrated Biomed Sci, Cheonan, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Food Sci & Biotechnol, Daegu, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Integrat Biol, Daegu, South Korea; Yonsei Univ, Dept Biotechnol, Seoul, South Korea; Univ Ulsan, Childhood Asthma Atopy Ctr, Humidifier Disinfectant Hlth Ctr, Dept Pediat,Coll Med, Seoul 05505, South Korea; Hallym Univ, Korean Inst Nutr, Chunchon, South Korea | ; Hong, Soo-Jong/AAR-1788-2020; Kim, Nam-Eun/MSY-1740-2025; Kim, Bong-Soo/L-4779-2013; Lee, Jeong-Hoon/Q-1055-2018 | 57204735619; 57202733725; 57303811300; 57656088100; 57220797167; 57656727600; 57658010600; 57207796874; 8315288500; 56095315500; 57195068659; 35821543000; 24465175900; 55513635200 | sjhong@amc.seoul.kr;bkim79@hallym.ac.kr; | GUT MICROBES | GUT MICROBES | 1949-0976 | 1949-0984 | 14 | 1 | SCIE | GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY;MICROBIOLOGY | 2022 | 12.2 | 7.8 | 4.13 | 2025-06-25 | 39 | 39 | Gut; microbiome; atopic dermatitis; development; homeostasis | CHAIN FATTY-ACIDS; INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA; BUTYRATE; DIVERSITY; ACTIVATION; DYSBIOSIS; RECEPTOR; PROTECT; INFANCY; HEALTH | atopic dermatitis; development; Gut; homeostasis; microbiome | Animals; Butyrates; Dermatitis, Atopic; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Mice; Microbiota; peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma; short chain fatty acid; butyric acid derivative; volatile fatty acid; adolescent; adult; animal cell; animal experiment; Article; atopic dermatitis; Bacteroides fragilis; Bifidobacterium longum; cell viability; cesarean section; child; childhood; cohort analysis; controlled study; disease severity; DNA extraction; down regulation; Faecalibacterium; feces; female; Firmicutes; homeostasis; host microbe interaction; human; immune response; infant; intestine flora; Lactobacillus; major clinical study; male; mass spectrometry; microbial community; microbial diversity; mitochondrial respiration; mouse; nonhuman; oxygen consumption rate; prevalence; Prevotella; random forest; real time polymerase chain reaction; Ruminococcus; animal; genetics; microflora | English | 2022 | 2022-12-31 | 10.1080/19490976.2022.2068366 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | |
| ○ | ○ | Article | Enhancing the oxidative desulfurization efficiency of cobalt-loaded-porous carbon catalyst via nitrogen doping on carbon support | Melamine (M)-incorporated bimetallic (Zn/Co)-azolate framework-6s (M(x)@BM6s) (with wide M-contents) composites were firstly synthesized via an in-situ method and used as a precursor to derive Co/N-enriched porous carbon (M(x)@BMC6s) via pyrolysis. Very small Co-nanoparticles (4-10 nm) uniformly distributed on highly porous carbon with much N-doping were obtained from M(x)@BM6s. The developed Co-based materials with high N-content were used as catalysts for heterogeneous oxidative desulfurization (ODS) of liquid model fuel, critical for the environment and the petroleum industry. M(x)@BMC6s (with various N-contents), especially the M(10)@BMC6 (obtained from M(10)@BM6 with 10% M), were more competitive in ODS than orther tested Cobased catalysts (without or with less N-sites) and comparable to the reported catalysts to date. For example, the turnover frequency of M(10)@BMC6 was 61.1 h-1 and ~10 times that of Co/activated carbon. Additionally, the good reactivity of M(10)@BMC6 with adequate reusability might be understood by the good dispersion of small Co-nanoparticles. Importantly, dominant role of the doped N-species on carbon, by enhancing the synergy between Co- and N-species, was firstly suggested in this study. Finally, incorporation of N-sites in the carbon support for Co-nanoparticles can enhance the ODS performance, thus being suggested as an effective way to develop oxidation catalysts with outstanding performance. | Bhadra, Biswa Nath; Jhung, Sung Hwa | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Chem, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Green Nano Mat Res Ctr, Daegu 41566, South Korea | Jhung, Sung/AAO-6683-2021; Bhadra, Biswa Nath/ABG-6935-2021; Bhadra, Biswa/ABG-6935-2021 | 56982844300; 6701659467 | sung@knu.ac.kr; | JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION | J CLEAN PROD | 0959-6526 | 1879-1786 | 360 | SCIE | ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL;ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES;GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY | 2022 | 11.1 | 7.8 | 1.39 | 2025-06-25 | 21 | 23 | N-enriched carbon; Oxidative desulfurization; Co-nanoparticles; Metal-organic framework; Pyrolysis | METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; N-DOPED CARBON; HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS; NANOPARTICLES; PERFORMANCE; OXYGEN; HYDRODESULFURIZATION; NANOSHEETS; GRAPHENE; MIL-125 | Co-nanoparticles; Metal-organic framework; N-enriched carbon; Oxidative desulfurization; Pyrolysis | Catalysts; Cobalt; Desulfurization; Metal nanoparticles; Nitrogen; Organometallics; Petroleum industry; Porous materials; Pyrolysis; Reusability; Carbon support; Co Nanoparticles; Metalorganic frameworks (MOFs); N content; N species; N-enriched carbon; Oxidative desulfurization; Performance; Porous carbons; ]+ catalyst; Carbon | English | 2022 | 2022-08-01 | 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132168 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Healthy lifestyle factors, cardiovascular comorbidities, and the risk of sudden cardiac arrest: A case-control study in Korea | Aims: We investigated the impact of healthy lifestyle factors and cardiovascular comorbidities for sudden cardiac arrest. Methods: A case-control study, including patients with sudden cardiac arrest aged 20-79 years and community-based 1:2 matched controls, was conducted from September 2017 to December 2020. All participants completed a structured questionnaire. Using multivariable logistic regression, we assessed cardiovascular comorbidities (diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, arrhythmia, and stroke) and healthy lifestyle factors (low red meat consumption, low fish consumption, high fruit consumption, high vegetable consumption, current non-smoking, regular exercise, and adequate sleep duration) as sudden cardiac arrest risk factors. Results: Among 3027 eligible cases, informed consent was obtained from 949 (31.3%) cases. A total of 1731 controls were enrolled. Cardiovascular comorbidities, except dyslipidaemia, were associated with an increased risk of sudden cardiac arrest, whereas all heatthy lifestyle factors were associated with a decreased risk. Relative to patients in the 0-2 healthy lifestyle factors group, the adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for sudden cardiac arrest was 0.25 (0.16-0.40) in patients with 3 healthy lifestyle factors, 0.08 (0.05-0.13) in patients with 4 healthy lifestyle factors, and 0.04 (0.03-0.06) in patients with over 5 healthy lifestyle factors. When the number of healthy lifestyle factors was analysed as a continuous variable, each additional factor was associated with a significant decrease in the likelihood of sudden cardiac arrest (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 0.41 [0.36-0.461). Conclusion: The increased risk of sudden cardiac arrest by cardiovascular comorbidities could be significantly reduced with healthy lifestyle factors. | Park, Jeong Ho; Cha, Kyoung-Chul; Ro, Young Sun; Song, Kyoung Jun; Do Shin, Sang; Jung, Woo Jin; Roh, Young-Il; Kim, Sang-Chul; Shin, Jonghwan; You, Yeonho; Hong, Ju-young; Ryu, Hyun Ho; Park, Ju Ok; Park, Seung Min; Kim, Su Jin; Lee, Mi Jin; Kim, Won Young; Lee, Gun Tak; Oh, Sung Bum; Kim, So Young; Hwang, Sung Oh | Yonsei Univ, Dept Emergency Med, Wonju Coll Med, 20 Ilsanro, Wonju 26427, South Korea; Seoul Natl Univ Hosp, Dept Emergency Med, Seoul, South Korea; Seoul Natl Univ Hosp, Lab Emergency Med Serv, Biomed Res Inst, Seoul, South Korea; Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Emergency Med, Boramae Med Ctr, Seoul, South Korea; Chungbuk Natl Univ, Dept Emergency Med, Coll Med, Cheongju, South Korea; Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Emergency Med, Coll Med, Daejeon, South Korea; Yonsei Univ, Dept Emergency Med, Coll Med, Seoul, South Korea; Chonnam Natl Univ, Dept Emergency Med, Coll Med, Gwangju, South Korea; Hallym Univ, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hosp, Dept Emergency Med, Coll Med, Chunchon, South Korea; Seoul Natl Univ, Bundang Hosp, Dept Emergency Med, Coll Med, Seoul, South Korea; Korea Univ, Dept Emergency Med, Coll Med, Seoul, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Emergency Med, Coll Med, Daegu, South Korea; Univ Ulsan, Asan Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Coll Med, Ulsan, South Korea; Sungkyunkwan Univ, Samsung Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Coll Med, Seoul, South Korea; Dankook Univ, Dept Emergency Med, Coll Med, Yongin, South Korea | Shin, Sang/J-5523-2012; Hwang, Sung Oh/AAO-5838-2021; Park, Ju Ok/GWQ-9476-2022 | 57222635486; 39860962000; 37665990400; 57037616400; 57049712400; 57198480370; 57194449263; 7601581324; 57049712300; 35077217100; 57206782991; 26325849500; 57196406548; 54411205900; 57196044127; 55507282600; 55661654200; 57200128091; 57428640900; 57822771100; 57202063517 | shwang@yonsei.ac.kr; | RESUSCITATION | RESUSCITATION | 0300-9572 | 1873-1570 | 175 | SCIE | CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE;EMERGENCY MEDICINE | 2022 | 6.5 | 7.8 | 2.8 | 2025-06-25 | 10 | 14 | Cardiac arrest; Risk factors; Primary prevention; Case-control studies | FISH CONSUMPTION; JAPANESE MEN; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; SMOKING-CESSATION; SLEEP DURATION; DEATH; MORTALITY; PREVENTION; PREDICTION; EXERCISE | Cardiac arrest; Case-control studies; Primary prevention; Risk factors | Case-Control Studies; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Healthy Lifestyle; Heart Arrest; Humans; Republic of Korea; Risk Factors; adult; age; aged; Article; cardiovascular risk; case control study; cerebrovascular accident; comorbidity; congestive cardiomyopathy; congestive heart failure; controlled study; diabetes mellitus; disease association; dyslipidemia; exercise; family history; female; fish consumption; fruit consumption; health impact assessment; healthy lifestyle; heart arrhythmia; heart infarction; human; hypertension; incidence; insurance; interview; Korea; logistic regression analysis; major clinical study; male; red meat; resuscitation; sex; sleep quality; smoking; socioeconomics; structured questionnaire; sudden cardiac death; urbanization; vegetable consumption; complication; healthy lifestyle; heart arrest; risk factor; South Korea; sudden cardiac death | English | 2022 | 2022-06 | 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2022.03.030 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Long-Term Variability of the East Sea Intermediate Water Thickness: Regime Shift of Intermediate Layer in the Mid-1990s | The shipboard measurements over approximately 55 years in the southwestern part of the East Sea (Sea of Japan) demonstrate a remarkable basin-wide, interannual-interdecadal variability in the temperature-based thickness of the East Sea Intermediate Water (ESIW) whose temporal variability shows strong correlation with the density-based thickness (r = 0.97). Relevant to the long-term variability of the ESIW thickness, clear changes in horizonal and vertical features have been observed at the intermediate layer in the mid-1990s, such as 1) increases in vertical temperature gradient in the thermocline by shoaling of 2 degrees C-5 degrees C isotherms, 2) relatively high correlations among isotherms in the interdecadal timescale, 3) appearance of zonal phase difference in the ESIW thickness variability after the mid-1990s, and 4) correlation phase change between the Arctic Oscillation Index and the ESIW thickness. The ESIW thickness could be smaller when its formation is weaker and when the formation of deep-water mass below it becomes stronger. Based on the features observed, we hypothesized on the regime shift concerning the East Sea meridional overturning circulation; before the mid-1990s, active deep-water formation mainly controlled the ESIW layer variability, but after the mid-1990s, the ESIW formation rate predominantly affected its own thickness variability. | Park, JongJin | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Kyungpook Inst Oceanog, Sch Earth Syst Sci, Daegu, South Korea | Park, Jongjin/AAL-3484-2021 | 55717016100 | jjpark@knu.ac.kr; | FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE | FRONT MAR SCI | 2296-7745 | 9 | SCIE | MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY | 2022 | 3.7 | 7.8 | 0.45 | 2025-06-25 | 4 | 4 | East Sea Intermediate Water; regime shift; thermocline water; thickness variability; Arctic Oscillation; long-term variation; ship-board measurements; Argo float | EAST/JAPAN SEA; MARGINAL-SEA; PROPER WATER; CIRCULATION; VENTILATION; MASSES; KOREA; OCEAN; BASIN | Arctic Oscillation; Argo float; East Sea Intermediate Water; long-term variation; regime shift; ship-board measurements; thermocline water; thickness variability | English | 2022 | 2022-07-11 | 10.3389/fmars.2022.923093 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Methods for assessing asbestos-containing roofing slate distribution in an area with poor dwelling conditions | In South Korea, asbestos has been used in large quantities for manufacturing asbestos cement roofing slates (ACRS) and the production and use of all types of asbestos were completely banned in 2009. Asbestos containing materials in buildings and ACRS are linked to environmental and human health problems. An area with poor dwelling conditions was selected as the study area, and all buildings (76) were examined for ACRS. Three survey methods were compared, namely, field investigation, building registers, and data collection using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The field investigation results reported 2785.3 m2 of ACRS in a total of 38 buildings. The results were significantly different from those of the building register survey (1255.8 m2 for 11 buildings) and the UAV survey (1043.7 m2 for 18 buildings). The building register and UAV survey methods were limited by incomplete data or data unavailability, when compared with the data associated with the field investigation. However, the former approaches require less labor and time, with decreased exposure of the investigators to asbestos. Therefore, the organic combination and proper application of such methods can reduce labor and time required to conduct surveys and yield sufficient accuracy. | Zhang, Yuan-Long; Hong, Won-Hwa; Kim, Young-Chan | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Architecture Civil Environm & Energy Engn, 80 Daehak ro, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Dongguk Univ Gyeongju, Div Smart Safety Engn, 123 Dongdae ro, Gyeongju 38066, South Korea | zhang, yuanlong/JEZ-4373-2023 | 56464271500; 7401527968; 56463201400 | yyoungchani@gmail.com; | JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION | J CLEAN PROD | 0959-6526 | 1879-1786 | 358 | SCIE | ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL;ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES;GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY | 2022 | 11.1 | 7.8 | 0.25 | 2025-06-25 | 3 | 4 | Asbestos; Asbestos containing materials (ACM); Asbestos cement roofing slates (ACRS); Poor dwelling conditions | RISK-ASSESSMENT; LUNG-CANCER; CEMENT; MESOTHELIOMA; DEMOLITION; DISEASES; MODEL | Asbestos; Asbestos cement roofing slates (ACRS); Asbestos containing materials (ACM); Poor dwelling conditions | Antennas; Asbestos cement; Housing; Manufacture; Roofs; Surveys; Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV); Asbestos cement roofing slate; Asbestos containing material; Asbestos containing materials; Condition; Field investigation; In-buildings; Poor dwelling condition; Roofing slates; South Korea; Survey methods; Asbestos | English | 2022 | 2022-07-15 | 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132032 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Sargassum wightii Aqueous Extract Improved Salt Stress Tolerance in Abelmoschus esculentus by Mediating Metabolic and Ionic Rebalance | Salinity stress has hindered the growth and yield of crops globally. The demands for inducing salt stress tolerance by natural and biological sources with potent antioxidants and growth-promoting metabolites have been the main focus of the recent era. Therefore, the current research was conducted to extract salt stress tolerance-ameliorating metabolites and growth-promoting hormones from the marine brown macroalgae Sargassum wightii Greville ex J. Agardh with maximum antioxidant potential used as a liquid fertilizer for okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.). In the current study, the biochemical analysis showed that Sargassum aqueous extract (SAE) was rich in growth-promoting metabolites, antioxidants, and hormones. Meanwhile, overaccumulation of glycine betaine attracted the focus of the current research dealing with salt stress tolerance amelioration in A. esculentus. The plants supplemented with SAE (2% and 4%) and 0.04% ascorbic acid (AsA) alone and in combinations were subjected to sodium salt stress (NaCl; 75 mM). Results revealed that SAE efficiently promoted the vegetative and reproductive growth of plants by elevating the growth-promoting metabolites and hormones in comparison to control plants. Ionic contents (Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+) and ratios (K+/Na+, Mg2+/Na+, and Ca2+/Na+) were modulated in SAE-treated plants. SAE also increased the level of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, carotenoids, and proline and decreased the level of hydrogen peroxide and abscisic acid in salt-treated plants compared with the control groups. Enzymatic activities of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and guaiacol peroxidase were also enhanced by SAE treatment upon salt stress. The SAE-mediated stress tolerance amelioration and the positive growth response of A. esculentus were further accelerated by AsA (0.04%) supplementation used in combination with SAE (2% and 4%). The current study revealed a novel report of the antioxidant and metabolite-rich algal extract (S. wightii) formulation along with AsA that induced salt stress tolerance and promoted the overall growth performance of A. esculentus by rebalancing the ionic and metabolic status. | Khan, Zawar; Gul, Humaira; Rauf, Mamoona; Arif, Muhammad; Hamayun, Muhammad; Ud-Din, Aziz; Sajid, Zahoor Ahmad; Khilji, Sheza Ayaz; Rehman, Aliya; Tabassum, Asma; Parveen, Zahida; Lee, In-Jung | Abdul Wali Khan Univ, Dept Bot, Mardan, Pakistan; Abdul Wali Khan Univ, Dept Biotechnol, Mardan, Pakistan; Hazara Univ, Dept Biotechnol & Genet Engn, Mansehra, Pakistan; Univ Punjab, Inst Bot, Lahore, Pakistan; Univ Educ, Dept Bot, Lahore, Pakistan; Univ Karachi, Dept Bot, Karachi, Pakistan; Abdul Wali Khan Univ, Dept Biochem, Mardan, Pakistan; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Appl Biosci, Daegu, South Korea | rauf, mamoona/AAC-3246-2019; Lee, In-Jung/GLS-0432-2022; Tabassum, Asma/JWO-1872-2024; Hamayun, Muhammad/B-1694-2010; sajid, zahoor/AAR-1875-2020; Arif, Muhammad/GNM-5831-2022; khilji, sheza/ABA-6861-2021; Rauf, Mamoona/AAC-3246-2019 | 57763907900; 7003592765; 55609311400; 57202654530; 59297330100; 57188860666; 34880788800; 25031532000; 57125588000; 36089206000; 57196995491; 16425830900 | mamoona@awkum.edu.pk;hamayun@awkum.edu.pk;ijlee@knu.ac.kr; | FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE | FRONT MAR SCI | 2296-7745 | 9 | SCIE | MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY | 2022 | 3.7 | 7.8 | 2.37 | 2025-06-25 | 20 | 24 | marine macroalgae; seaweed; Abelmoschus esculentus; ion homeostasis; antioxidants; salt stress tolerance; bioactive metabolites; biostimulant | PHYSIOLOGICAL-CHARACTERISTICS; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; ASCOPHYLLUM-NODOSUM; RAPID-DETERMINATION; SEAWEED EXTRACTS; SALINITY STRESS; ASCORBIC-ACID; FOLIAR SPRAY; HUMIC-ACID; GROWTH | Abelmoschus esculentus; antioxidants; bioactive metabolites; biostimulant; ion homeostasis; marine macroalgae; salt stress tolerance; seaweed | English | 2022 | 2022-06-02 | 10.3389/fmars.2022.853272 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Vertical structural variability of diurnal internal tides inside a mesoscale anticyclonic eddy based on single virtual-moored Slocum glider observations | The vertical structural variability of the diurnal internal tide (DIT) with a mode-1 wavelength of similar to 420 km inside a mesoscale baroclinic anticyclonic eddy was examined based on observations by a single virtual-moored (VM) Slocum glider. During the glider observational period from 10 to 19 September 2018, the eddy traveled northward at approximately 50 km, allowing the glider to scan a cross section of 50 km wide and 800 m deep inside the eddy. VM observations showed that DIT experienced a noticeable vertical structural variability near the eddy center. In a range of 30 km horizontally from the eddy center (inner center), DIT's vertical displacements were significantly intensified in the 400-800-m depth below the eddy. In the range of 30-50 km from the eddy center (outer center), DIT was almost uniformly distributed from the surface to 800-m depth. Owing to the spatiotemporally restricted dataset by the glider, the significance of DIT's modulation observed inside the eddy can be questionable. As a result of comparing DIT's vertical structural variability in two domains in terms of available potential energy (APE) and horizontal kinetic energy (HKE) using CTDs inside the eddy and ADCPs outside the eddy, DIT's vertical structure inside the eddy was significantly distinguished from that outside the eddy. The relative vorticity inside the eddy was estimated based on the satellite dataset; it was negatively great in the inner center (approximately 0.35 - 0.25f) and small in the outer center (approximately 0.2 - 0.1f). These observational behaviors indicate a close relationship between them; the vorticity-dependent modulation of the DIT seems to be observationally confirmed inside the eddy. Further, in order to examine the energy transferring behavior in low vertical modes, a wavenumber spectral analysis was performed on the DIT displacements and the lowest four wavenumbers, K-z (1) through K-z (4), showed a similar behavior to those observed in DIT's vertical structural variability inside of the eddy; the relative power of the sum of K-z (2) similar to K-z (4) with respect to K-z (1) was strong in the inner center and weakened in the outer center. These results seem to support that the wave-eddy interaction is non-uniform inside the eddy and partially depends on the relative vorticity. | Lim, Gyuchang; Park, JongJin | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Kyungpook Inst Oceanog, Daegu, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Earth Syst Sci, Daegu, South Korea | Park, Jongjin/AAL-3484-2021 | 59883551700; 55717016100 | jjpark@knu.ac.kr; | FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE | FRONT MAR SCI | 2296-7745 | 9 | SCIE | MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY | 2022 | 3.7 | 7.8 | 0.45 | 2025-06-25 | 4 | 4 | mesoscale eddy; diurnal internal tide; virtual mooring; Slocum glider; relative vorticity; wavenumber spectral analysis | ENERGY; PROPAGATION; WAVES; CIRCULATION; RADIATION | diurnal internal tide; mesoscale eddy; relative vorticity; Slocum glider; virtual mooring; wavenumber spectral analysis | English | 2022 | 2022-08-16 | 10.3389/fmars.2022.920049 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Warm bias of cold sea surface temperatures in the East Sea (Japan Sea) | The East/Japan Sea (ES) is regarded as a natural laboratory for predicting future changes in the global Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC) under warming climates, as the ES MOC (EMOC) changes rapidly in comparison with the global MOC. Specifically, intermediate and deep-water masses of the ES are formed in its northern reaches via wind-driven subduction of surface water, and convection from the surface to deep layers during the winter. Accordingly, it is important to investigate the variation of winter sea surface temperatures (SSTs) for characterizing and predicting the EMOC; however, global SST products must be corrected and optimized for the ES, as they fail to incorporate the local marginal sea conditions. Here, a warm bias in cold SST was identified for three SST products, such as optimally interpolated sea surface temperatures (OISSTs), microwave SSTs, and operational SST and sea ice analysis products, suggesting the potential usefulness of a correction method incorporating Argo float data. When comparing OISSTs with 5 m temperature estimates from Argo float data during 2000-2020, under the assumption that the mixed layer depth is deeper than 8 m, a nearly normalized histogram of biases was produced, and the robust warm bias (mean = 0.9 degrees C) was detected in the range of relatively cold SSTs (-2 degrees C to 10 degrees C), yet no significant bias in warm SSTs (> 10 degrees C) was found. To minimize the warm bias in cold SSTs, OISSTs were corrected with an inverse 4(th)-order polynomial fitting method. Subsequently, the mean bias between the corrected SSTs and top depth temperatures of Argo float data was significantly reduced to less than 0.1 degrees C. Moreover, the warm bias of cold SSTs resulted in severe underestimations of the outcropping area colder than 1 degrees C over the northern region, as well as the occurrence period of 1 degrees C to 5 degrees C SSTs in the north-western ES. These results highlight the importance of local bias correction for SST products, and it is expected that the newly suggested correction method will improve model predictions of EMOC change by enhancing SST data quality in the northern ES. | Yoon, Seung-Tae; Park, JongJin | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Earth Syst Sci, Daegu, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Kyungpook Inst Oceanog, Daegu, South Korea | Park, Jongjin/AAL-3484-2021; Yoon, Seung-Tae/GXV-4573-2022 | 37015068400; 55717016100 | jjpark@knu.ac.kr; | FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE | FRONT MAR SCI | 2296-7745 | 9 | SCIE | MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY | 2022 | 3.7 | 7.8 | 0.11 | 2025-06-25 | 1 | 1 | sea surface temperature; argo float data; satellite data; east sea; bias correction; outcropping | BOTTOM WATER; SST | argo float data; bias correction; east sea; outcropping; satellite data; sea surface temperature | English | 2022 | 2022-08-17 | 10.3389/fmars.2022.965346 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||||
| ○ | ○ | Article | A dual-population and multi-stage based constrained multi-objective evolutionary | The existence of constrained multi-objective optimization problems (CMOPs) in real-world applications motivate researchers to focus more on developing constrained multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (CMOEAs). Due to the presence of constraints, an efficient constraint handling technique (CHT) is required in CMOEA to balance the constraint satisfaction and optimization of objective functions. Recently, different fitness based, ranking based, multi-population and multi-staged evolutionary approaches are proposed to handle CMOPs. However, most of the approaches still struggle while handling CMOPs with discontinuous feasible regions or whose feasible regions consist infeasible barriers. To overcome these issues, we propose a novel Dual-Population and Multi-Stage based Constrained Multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithm which is termed as CMOEA-DPMS. In CMOEADPMS, two populations are used to explore the search space and feasible regions. Along with two populations, an archive is also employed to store feasible, well converged and distributed solutions. To employ appropriate mating selection and environmental selection strategies according to the evolution of the populations, evolutionary process is divided into several stages. A strategy decider mechanism is proposed to determine the appropriate mating and environmental selections depending on the status of the population. In addition, a novel CHT named decomposition based constraint non-dominating sorting (DCDSort) is proposed by combining decomposition based selection with traditional constraint non-dominating sorting to maintain feasibility, convergence and diversity. The proposed algorithm is evaluated on five recent and popular test suites along with 36 realworld constrained multi-objective optimization problems against eight state-of-the-art algorithms. The empirical results suggests that CMOEA-DPMS is significantly superior or comparable to the considered algorithms and can tackle all kinds of CMOPs.(c) 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. | Raju, M. Sri Srinivasa; Dutta, Saykat; Mallipeddi, Rammohan; Das, Kedar Nath | Natl Inst Technol Silchar, Dept Math, Silchar, India; Brainware Univ, Sch Computat & Appl Sci, Dept Math, Kolkata, India; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Dept Artificial Intelligence, Daegu, South Korea | Mallipeddi, Rammohan/AAL-5306-2020; M, Sri Srinivasa Raju/GNH-4935-2022; dutta, saykat/ABE-3044-2021; Dutta, Saykat/ABE-3044-2021 | 57426625700; 57204580655; 25639919900; 55220472200 | mallipeddi.ram@gmail.com; | INFORMATION SCIENCES | INFORM SCIENCES | 0020-0255 | 1872-6291 | 615 | SCIE | COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS | 2022 | 8.1 | 7.9 | 2.48 | 2025-06-25 | 30 | 33 | Constraint Handling; Multi -objective evolutionary algorithm; Optimization; Decomposition; Dual population | ALGORITHM; MOEA/D | Constraint Handling; Decomposition; Dual population; Multi-objective evolutionary algorithm; Optimization | Constrained optimization; Constraint satisfaction problems; Evolutionary algorithms; Multiobjective optimization; Constrained multi-objective optimizations; Constraint handling; Constraint-handling techniques; Dual population; Feasible regions; Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm; Multi-objective optimization problem; Multi-stages; Optimisations; Real-world; Constraint handling | English | 2022 | 2022-11 | 10.1016/j.ins.2022.10.046 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||
| ○ | ○ | Article | An adaptive neighborhood based evolutionary algorithm with pivot- solution based selection for multi- and many-objective optimization | Pareto dominance-based multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (PDMOEAs) encounter scalability issues due to the lack of selection pressure as the dimensionality of objective space increases. In addition, PDMOEAs combat difficulties in achieving the proper balance between convergence and diversity. To overcome this issue, recently, additional convergence-related metrics have been proposed for PDMOEAs to improve their performance by enhancing the selection pressure towards the true Pareto front; however, these approaches have limitations. To address the drawbacks of the previous approaches, in this paper, we propose an adaptive neighborhood based evolutionary algorithm with pivot solution based selection (Pi-MOEA) to tackle multi-and many-objective optimization problems. The proposed Pi-MOEA approach identifies a set of pivot-solutions to improve the convergence performance. An adaptive neighborhood is designed among the individuals, and the average ranking method is employed to identify the pivot-solutions within the neighborhood. In addition, to preserve the population diversity, density estimation based on Euclidean distance is adopted in Pi-MOEA. The performance of the Pi-MOEA is investigated extensively on 26 test problems from three popular benchmark problem suites by comparing them with seven state-of-the-art algorithms. The experimental results show that the Pi-MOEA algorithm performs considerably better when compared with state-ofthe-art algorithms.(c) 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. | Palakonda, Vikas; Kang, Jae-Mo; Jung, Heechul | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Artificial Intelligence, Daegu 41566, South Korea | Jung, Heechul/HTL-7199-2023 | 57193028485; 56024930400; 55652175200 | vikas.11475@gmail.com;jmkang@knu.ac.kr;heechul@knu.ac.kr; | INFORMATION SCIENCES | INFORM SCIENCES | 0020-0255 | 1872-6291 | 607 | SCIE | COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS | 2022 | 8.1 | 7.9 | 1.28 | 2025-06-25 | 17 | 17 | Evolutionary computation; Multi-objective optimization; Pivot-solutions; Average rank; Density estimation | DIVERSITY; MOEA/D | Average rank; Density estimation; Evolutionary computation; Multi-objective optimization; Pivot-solutions | Benchmarking; Evolutionary algorithms; Adaptive neighborhood; Average rank; Density estimation; Many-objective optimizations; Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm; Multi-objectives optimization; Pareto dominance; Performance; Pivot-solution; Selection pressures; Multiobjective optimization | English | 2022 | 2022-08 | 10.1016/j.ins.2022.05.119 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Design and implementation of robust corrective control systems with permanent sensor faults | This paper presents fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant corrective control for a class of asynchronous sequential machines (ASMs). In the considered problem setting, a permanent fault may occur to the sensor in the feedback channel so that the distorted state feedback is forced to be generated after a fault occurrence. We propose a scheme of identifying the permanent sensor fault only by observing the feedback value measured in the form of state bursts. Based on the diagnosis method, we address a novel design algorithm for a state feedback corrective controller that matches the stable-state behavior of the closed-loop system to that of a reference model, while accommodating the permanent damage to the sensor. Hardware experiments on the field-programmable gate array (FPGA) circuit are provided to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed fault diagnosis and fault tolerant corrective control methodology.(c) 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. | Yang, Jung-Min; Kwak, Seong Woo | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Elect Engn, 80 Daehakro, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Pukyong Natl Univ, Dept Control & Instrumentat Engn, 45 Yongsoro, Busan 48513, South Korea | 57208450551; 59816855300 | jmyang@ee.knu.ac.kr;ksw@pknu.ac.kr; | INFORMATION SCIENCES | INFORM SCIENCES | 0020-0255 | 1872-6291 | 607 | SCIE | COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS | 2022 | 8.1 | 7.9 | 0 | 2025-06-25 | 0 | 0 | Asynchronous sequential machines (ASMs); Corrective control; Fault diagnosis and fault tolerance; Permanent sensor fault; Field-programmable gate array (FPGA) | ASYNCHRONOUS SEQUENTIAL-MACHINES; INPUT/OUTPUT CONTROL; SUPERVISORY CONTROL; TOLERANT CONTROL; DIAGNOSIS; ACTUATOR | Asynchronous sequential machines (ASMs); Corrective control; Fault diagnosis and fault tolerance; Field-programmable gate array (FPGA); Permanent sensor fault | Closed loop systems; Failure analysis; Fault detection; Fault tolerance; Integrated circuit design; Logic gates; Sequential machines; State feedback; Asynchronoi sequential machine; Asynchronous sequential machines; Corrective control; Design and implementations; Fault diagnose and fault tolerance; Fault-tolerant; Faults diagnosis; Field-programmable gate array; Permanent sensor fault; Sensors faults; Field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) | English | 2022 | 2022-08 | 10.1016/j.ins.2022.05.102 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | |||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Evaluation of bulk microphysics parameterizations for simulating the vertical structure of heavy rainfall between Korea and the United States | The Korean Peninsula and the United States (US) have many contrasting precipitation characteristics that are part of the oceanic monsoon and continental convection. This study evaluated 11 microphysics schemes in the Weather Research and Forecasting model in terms of vertical reflectivity structure for heavy rainfall during the summer in Korea and the US. Compared to satellite radar observation, the correlation coefficients for the reflectivity structure for 11 microphysics schemes were 0.581-0.906 and 0.745-0.918 for the Korean and US domains, respectively. We observed that a simple scheme (such as the use of single moment and limited ice categories) does not always fail, and complex methods do not always succeed. The relatively low correlation over Korea versus the US was assumed because many microphysics parameterizations were developed and tuned over the US. Consequently, some microphysics schemes exhibited a severe overestimation of reflectivity in both the upper and lower levels over the Korean Peninsula. In contrast, a microphysics scheme that was evaluated and improved for both continental and maritime convection regions, showed the best performance on the Korean Peninsula too. This highlights the importance of evaluation for various regions with different precipitation characteristics to improve parameterization of cloud microphysics. Because Korean and US domains are repre-sentative areas of oceanic monsoon and continental convection, we expect that this study can serve as a con-ceptual guide to suggest which microphysics parameterizations should be used for a realistic simulation in continental and oceanic monsoon precipitation regimes. | Song, Hwan-Jin; Lim, Kyo-Sun Sunny | Korea Meteorol Adm, Natl Inst Meteorol Sci, Seogwipo, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr Atmospher Remote Sensing CARE, Dept Atmospher Sci, Daegu, South Korea; Natl Inst Meteorol Sci, Seogwipo 63568, Jeju, South Korea | Song, Hwan-Jin/M-1641-2018; Lim, Kyo-Sun/I-3811-2012 | 55331697200; 57211926026 | hwanjinsong@gmail.com; | WEATHER AND CLIMATE EXTREMES | WEATHER CLIM EXTREME | 2212-0947 | 37 | SCIE | METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES | 2022 | 8 | 8.0 | 0.55 | 2025-06-25 | 7 | 6 | GPM; WRF; Microphysics; Heavy rainfall; Korea; United States | CLOUD MICROPHYSICS; PART I; STRATIFORM PRECIPITATION; RADAR REFLECTIVITIES; EXPLICIT FORECASTS; CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS; SCHEME; PENINSULA; MODEL; MECHANISMS | GPM; Heavy rainfall; Korea; Microphysics; United States; WRF | Korea; United States; parameterization; precipitation (climatology); rainfall; reflectivity; simulation | English | 2022 | 2022-09 | 10.1016/j.wace.2022.100490 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | |||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Evolution, Transmission, and Pathogenicity of High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus A (H5N8) Clade 2.3.4.4, South Korea, 2014-2016 | During 2014-2016, clade 2.3.4.4 H5N8 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus (HPAIV) caused the largest known avian influenza epidemic in South Korea. Based on data from earlier H5N8 outbreaks, primitive H5N8 virus in South Korea was classified into five subgroups: C1, C2, C3, C4, and C5. The present study investigated the pathogenic and molecular epidemiologic characteristics of H5N8 viruses obtained from 388 cases of poultry farms and 85 cases of wild bird infections in South Korea during 2014-2016. Representative viruses of subgroups C1, C2, and C4 showed significant pathobiological differences in specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens, with the H1731 (C1) virus showing substantially lower infectivity, transmissibility, and pathogenicity than the H2102 (C2) and H1924 (C4) viruses. Full genome sequence analysis showed the number of mutations that significantly increased in domestic duck-origin H5N8 HPAIVs compared to the viruses from gallinaceous poultry. These differences may have been due to the long-term circulation of viruses in domestic duck farms. The same mutations, at positions 219 and 757 of PB1, independently evolving in the C0, C1, and C2 subgroups may have been positively selected, resulting in convergent evolution at the amino acid level. Bayesian discrete trait phylodynamic analysis (DTA) indicated multiple introductions of H5N8 HPAIV from wild birds into domestic poultry in various regions in South Korea. Following initial viral introduction into domestic duck farms in the western part of Korea, domestic ducks played a major role in viral transmission and maintenance. These findings highlight the need for continued genomic surveillance and pathobiological characterization of HPAIV in birds. Enhanced biosecurity in poultry farms should be implemented to prevent the introduction, maintenance, and spread of HPAIV. | Baek, Yoon-Gi; Lee, Yu-Na; Park, Yu-Ri; Chung, David H.; Kwon, Jung-Hoon; Si, Young-Jae; Heo, Gyeong-Beom; Lee, Youn-Jeong; Lee, Dong-Hun; Lee, Eun-Kyoung | Anim & Plant Quarantine Agcy, Avian Influenza Res & Diagnost Div, Gimcheon Si, South Korea; Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol & Vet Sci, Storrs, CT USA; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Coll Vet Med, Daegu, South Korea; Konkuk Univ, Coll Vet Med, Seoul, South Korea | Lee, Dong-hun/H-5082-2019 | 57211667015; 59858247700; 57190841028; 57220078849; 55559800200; 56596215900; 57189089623; 55533095600; 57776535400; 25938359000 | donghunlee@konkuk.ac.kr;ensenble@korea.kr; | FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE | FRONT VET SCI | 2297-1769 | 9 | SCIE | VETERINARY SCIENCES | 2022 | 3.2 | 8.0 | 0.87 | 2025-06-25 | 4 | 4 | HPAI; pathogenesis; selection pressure; phylodynamic analysis | WILD BIRDS; A(H5N8) VIRUSES; DOMESTIC DUCKS; CHICKENS; REASSORTANTS; GENERATION; WATERFOWL; POULTRY; SPREAD | H5N8; HPAI; pathogenesis; phylodynamic analysis; selection pressure | amino acid; complementary DNA; virus RNA; Anas platyrhynchos; animal experiment; Article; Bayesian learning; bird; controlled study; convergent evolution; gene mutation; genome analysis; germfree chicken; hemagglutination inhibition test; highly pathogenic avian influenza virus; host; influenza A; Influenza A virus (H5N8); Leghorn chicken; molecular epidemiology; nonhuman; nucleotide sequence; phylodynamics; phylogenetic tree; poultry; sequence analysis; South Korea; TCID50; tissue homogenate; tissue tropism; virus genome; virus load; virus mutation; virus transmission; virus virulence | English | 2022 | 2022-06-21 | 10.3389/fvets.2022.906944 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 |
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