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| WoS | SCOPUS | Document Type | Document Title | Abstract | Authors | Affiliation | ResearcherID (WoS) | AuthorsID (SCOPUS) | Author Email(s) | Journal Name | JCR Abbreviation | ISSN | eISSN | Volume | Issue | WoS Edition | WoS Category | JCR Year | IF | JCR (%) | FWCI | FWCI Update Date | WoS Citation | SCOPUS Citation | Keywords (WoS) | KeywordsPlus (WoS) | Keywords (SCOPUS) | KeywordsPlus (SCOPUS) | Language | Publication Stage | Publication Year | Publication Date | DOI | JCR Link | DOI Link | WOS Link | SCOPUS Link |
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| ○ | Book chapter | Secondary metabolites of lichens and their application | Secondary metabolites are a class of outwardly directed differentiation products of regular cellular metabolism that can operate as chemical messengers across organisms and species. They are molecules largely engaged in the maintenance/homeostasis of the organism. Secondary metabolites influence health-maintenance functions. Utilizing secondary metabolites has proven to be particularly successful in detecting some of the most prevalent food-spoilage fungus, including Penicillium species, Aspergillus species, and Fusarium species. Secondary products are uncommon, low-molecular-weight molecules that are structurally like primary metabolites but have a more restricted distribution than primary metabolites. Lichens are the natural result of a partnership between fungi (the Mycobionts’ partner) and algae (the host of the association). The stability of the secondary metabolites of lichens separates them from other species. Lichens can be both beneficial and hazardous to humans, depending on the location. They assist humanity in numerous ways, including feed and food, medicine, and industrial applications. In France, several lichens are used to make chocolates and pastries, while others are used medicinally. Curry powder made from Parmelia species can be found in Indian cuisine, while Endocarpon miniatum is used as a vegetable in Japan and Evernia prunastri is used to make bread in Egypt. The presence of lichenin, a polysaccharide, in Ramalina fraxinea, R. fastigiata, Evernia prunastri, and Lobaria pulmonaria lichens enables their use as animal feed. Parmelia saxatilis and Parmelia perlata are employed in the treatment of dyspepsia and epilepsy, respectively. Cladonia pyxidata is used to cure whooping cough, Xanthoria parietina is used to treat jaundice, and Pertusaria, Cladonia, and Cetraria are used to treat a variety of conditions. Ochrolechia androgyna and Ochrolechia tartaria are two plants that yield red and purple colors, respectively. Species of Ramalina and Evernia are used to extract the essential oils used to produce cosmetic soap. Some lichens, such as Amphiloma and Cladonia, parasitize mosses and, if left unchecked, can entirely decimate moss colonies. Some secondary compounds produced by lichens, such as anthraquinone pigments, are commonly present in both lichens and free-living fungi. The low levels of bacterial production allow for rapid mutation, selection of resistant strains, and horizontal transmission of resistance genes. Extracts of Usnea ghattensis, Parmotrem pseudotinctorum, Hypogymnia physodes, Lasallia pustulosa, and Parmelia caperata exhibited antioxidant activity. The majority of lichen species are terrestrial, whereas only a handful are found in the ocean. © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. | Shah, Adnan Ali; Badshah, Lal; Muhammad, Murad; Basit, Abdul; Ullah, Izhar; Mohamed, Heba I.; Khan, Ayesha | Phyto-Ecology Lab, Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Peshawar, Pakistan; Phyto-Ecology Lab, Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Peshawar, Pakistan; Phyto-Ecology Lab, Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Peshawar, Pakistan, State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Science, Xinjiang, Urumqi, China; Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Crop Production Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan, Department of Horticultural Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Horticulture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey; Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Crop Production Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan | 57223328953; 35726690400; 57223331609; 57218918852; 57211559793; 37102371200; 57199716425 | Fungal Secondary Metabolites: Synthesis and Applications in Agroecosystem | 3.89 | 2025-06-25 | 5 | Algae; Classification; Fungi; Industrial applications; Medicine; Secondary metabolites | English | Final | 2023 | 10.1016/b978-0-323-95241-5.00013-7 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| ○ | Book chapter | Sectional Shape Functions for a Box Beam Under Extension | In this chapter, we will derive the sectional shape functions for a box beam subjected to an extensional (or axial) load using a recursive and hierarchical method similar to that used to derive sectional shape functions for a box beam under torsion, as presented in Chaps. 4 and 5. In this chapter, the shape functions (ψzW, ψsχ) corresponding to the wall-membrane field and those (ψnχ, ψnη¯, ψnη^ ) corresponding to the wall-bending field will be derived altogether. Although the applied load type considered in this chapter differs from the torsional loads considered in Chaps. 4 and 5, the characteristics of the sectional shape functions derived for extensional loads are identical to those derived for torsional loads. Therefore, the derivation procedures for both sets of shape functions are nearly identical. Accordingly, we will not present the details of the procedure used to derive the shape functions needed to deal with extensional loads. © 2023, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. | Kim, Yoon Young; Jang, Gang-Won; Choi, Soomin | Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea; School of Mechanical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea | 36062771200; 7102646127; 56124305600 | yykim@snu.ac.kr; | Solid Mechanics and its Applications | 0925-0042 | 257 | 0 | 2025-06-25 | 0 | Applied loads; Box beam; Extensional loads; Hierarchical method; Load type; Recursive methods; Shape functions; Torsional loads; Torsional stress | English | Final | 2023 | 10.1007/978-981-19-7772-5_6 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | |||||||||||||||||
| ○ | Book chapter | Sectional Shape Functions for a Box Beam Under Flexure | The sectional shape functions of a box beam subjected to a flexural load are derived in this chapter using a procedure similar to that presented in Chaps. 4–6. (Other approaches may be found in Ferradi and Cespedes (2014) and Bebiano et al. (2015)). As in the cases for torsional or extensional loads, three types of deformable section modes are considered in addition to rigid-body section modes: (1) warping modes {Wk}k=1,2,…, (2) unconstrained distortion modes {χk}k=1,2,…, and (3) constrained distortion modes {η¯k,ηk}k=1,2,…. The warping mode Wk has the z-directional shape function ψzWk(s) only, which depicts the wall-membrane deformations of a beam section. On the other hand, the unconstrained distortion mode χk has both the s-directional shape function ψsχk(s) representing wall-membrane deformation and the n-directional shape function ψnχk(s) representing wall-bending deformation. The constrained distortional modes η¯k and ηk have only the n-directional shape functions ψnη¯k(s) and ψnηk(s), respectively, representing wall-bending deformations. The shape functions ψsχk(s) and ψzWk(s) representing wall-membrane deformations are derived in Sect. 7.2 while ψnχk(s), ψnη¯k(s) and ψnηk(s) representing wall-bending deformations are derived in Sects. 7.3–7.5. Section 7.6 presents numerical results using the derived modes. © 2023, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. | Kim, Yoon Young; Jang, Gang-Won; Choi, Soomin | Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea; School of Mechanical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea | 36062771200; 7102646127; 56124305600 | yykim@snu.ac.kr; | Solid Mechanics and its Applications | 0925-0042 | 257 | 0 | 2025-06-25 | 0 | Beam sections; Body sections; Box beam; Extensional loads; Flexural loads; Numerical results; Rigid body; Shape functions; Torsional loads; Warping modes; Bending (deformation) | English | Final | 2023 | 10.1007/978-981-19-7772-5_7 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | |||||||||||||||||
| ○ | Book chapter | Sectional Shape Functions for a Box Beam Under Torsion: Membrane Field | The higher-order sectional deformations of a box beam differ depending on the type of an applied load (see Vlasov (1961), Schardt (1994), Cesnik and Hodges (1997), Kim and Kim (1999), Carrera et al. (2011), Genoese et al. (2014), Bebiano et al. (2018)). Different section deformation modes, which may be classified as torsional, extensional, and bending modes, are needed to deal with a thin-walled beam subjected to different load types. This chapter and Chap. 5 are devoted to detailed derivations of higher-order sectional shape functions corresponding to torsional modes (Table 4.1). © 2023, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. | Kim, Yoon Young; Jang, Gang-Won; Choi, Soomin | Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea; School of Mechanical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea | 36062771200; 7102646127; 56124305600 | yykim@snu.ac.kr; | Solid Mechanics and its Applications | 0925-0042 | 257 | 0 | 2025-06-25 | 0 | Torsional stress; Applied loads; Bending modes; Box beam; Classifieds; Deformation modes; High-order; Higher-order; Section deformations; Shape functions; Torsional modes; Thin walled structures | English | Final | 2023 | 10.1007/978-981-19-7772-5_4 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | |||||||||||||||||
| ○ | Book chapter | Sectional Shape Functions for a Box Beam Under Torsion: Wall-Bending Field | In Chap. 4, the sectional shape functions (ψzW, ψsχ) for a box beam under torsion, which correspond to the wall-membrane field, were derived. This section is devoted to the derivation of the sectional shape functions (ψnχ, ψnη¯, ψnη⁾ corresponding to the wall-bending field. (See Ferradi and Cespedes (2014), Bebiano et al. (2015), and Choi et al. (2017) for earlier developments.) To argue for the co-existence of ψnχ with ψsχ, we observe that if the distortion mode χ has a non-zero ψsχ (the s-directional displacement component) only (see Fig. 5.1a) without its n-directional counterpart, ψnχ, two adjacent sectional edges cannot remain connected at the corners. Therefore, ψnχ cannot be zero. It was shown in Chap. 2 that the zeroth-order distortion mode χ0 has a non-zero ψnχ0, as given by Eq. (2.50). If ψnχ(z,s) does not vanish, it will induce a non-zero u~s(z, n, s) for n≠ 0, as expressed by Eq. (3.3c) and thus causes the bending of cross-sectional walls. The sectional shape functions ψnχk for k≥ 1 will be derived in Sect. 5.3 identically to how ψsχk was derived in Chap. 4; ψnχk can be obtained as the secondary deformation of the axial stress through Poisson’s effect. © 2023, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. | Kim, Yoon Young; Jang, Gang-Won; Choi, Soomin | Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea; School of Mechanical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea | 36062771200; 7102646127; 56124305600 | yykim@snu.ac.kr; | Solid Mechanics and its Applications | 0925-0042 | 257 | 0 | 2025-06-25 | 0 | Axial stress; Box beam; Co-existence; Displacement components; S effect; Shape functions; Torsional stress | English | Final | 2023 | 10.1007/978-981-19-7772-5_5 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | |||||||||||||||||
| ○ | Book chapter | Sectional Shape Functions of Thin-Walled Beams with General Cross-Section Shapes | In Chaps. 4, 5, 6, 7, the shape functions of the deformable section modes of a box beam were derived in an approach with three key steps. Recursive equations derived in a differential form were integrated edgewise to find sectional shape functions. To determine the unknown coefficients and integration constants of the sectional shape functions, the geometric symmetry of a rectangular cross-section, continuity of field quantities at every corner of the section, and orthogonality conditions were used. However, as the conditions of geometric symmetry are mostly not available for a cross-section with a general shape, we need to find new conditions to determine the unknowns. © 2023, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. | Kim, Yoon Young; Jang, Gang-Won; Choi, Soomin | Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea; School of Mechanical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea | 36062771200; 7102646127; 56124305600 | yykim@snu.ac.kr; | Solid Mechanics and its Applications | 0925-0042 | 257 | 0 | 2025-06-25 | 0 | Box beam; Condition; Cross section shape; Differential forms; Geometric symmetry; Integration constants; Recursive equations; Shape functions; Thin-walled beam; Unknown coefficients; Thin walled structures | English | Final | 2023 | 10.1007/978-981-19-7772-5_9 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | |||||||||||||||||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Secure and Privacy-Preserving Authentication Scheme Using Decentralized Identifier in Metaverse Environment | The metaverse provides a virtual world with many social activities that parallel the real world. As the metaverse attracts more attention, the importance of security and privacy preservation is increasing significantly. In the metaverse, users have the capability to create various avatars, which can be exploited to deceive or threaten others, leading to internal security issues. Additionally, users attempting to access the metaverse are susceptible to various external security threats since they communicate with service providers through public channels. To address these challenges, we propose an authentication scheme using blockchain, a decentralized identifier, and a verifiable credential to enable metaverse users to perform secure identity verification and authentication without disclosing sensitive information to service providers. Furthermore, the proposed approach mitigates privacy concerns associated with the management of personal information by enabling users to prove the necessary identity information independently without relying on service providers. We demonstrate that the proposed scheme is resistant to malicious security attacks and provides privacy preservation by performing security analyses, such as AVISPA simulation, BAN logic, and the real-or-random (ROR) model. We also show that the performance of our proposed scheme is better suited for the metaverse environment by providing greater security and efficiency when compared to competing schemes. | Kim, Myeonghyun; Oh, Jihyeon; Son, Seunghwan; Park, Yohan; Kim, Jungjoon; Park, Youngho | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Keimyung Univ, Sch Comp Engn, Daegu 42601, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea | oh, jihyeon/JMQ-9587-2023 | 57210278739; 57222066296; 57221744477; 55660095600; 56830135000; 56962990300 | kimmyeong123@knu.ac.kr;chldlstnr071@knu.ac.kr;sonshawn@knu.ac.kr;yhpark@kmu.ac.kr;jungkim7@ee.knu.ac.kr;parkyh@knu.ac.kr; | ELECTRONICS | 2079-9292 | 12 | 19 | 3.63 | 2025-06-25 | 20 | 31 | metaverse; authentication; blockchain; decentralized identifier | MUTUAL AUTHENTICATION; HEALTH-CARE; KEY; PROTOCOL; DESIGN | authentication; blockchain; decentralized identifier; metaverse | English | 2023 | 2023-10 | 10.3390/electronics12194073 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||||||||||
| ○ | Article | Selection of Soybean Accessions with Seed Storability Test Under Accelerated Aging Conditions | Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] seed has poor storability under high temperature and high humidity. It loses viability in a relatively short time. Seed aging of stored soybeans leads to poor germination and a decrease in yield. The accelerated aging vigor test, which provides useful information for determining seed storability as well as field emergence potential, is a rapid aging experiment and could be used to determine soybean seed quality. This study was conducted to determine the seed viability of Korean soybean cultivars and soybean lines with altered fatty acid compositions under accelerated aging conditions. Results demonstrated that Songhagkong, a Korean soybean cultivar, was the most stable at 3, 4, and 5 days of accelerated aging conditions. Furthermore, two soybean lines with high stearic acid content exhibited >70.0% reduction rate, whereas three soybean lines with high oleic acid content exhibited 7.4%-11.8% reduction rates. Soybean lines with mid-oleic acid and elevated linolenic acid contents exhibited various reduction rates depending on genotypes. Therefore, these soybean lines can be used as breeding material for developing a new soybean cultivar with strong seed vigor and better storability under unfavorable conditions. Therefore, a genetic study on this soybean cultivar is warranted. © 2023 by the Korean Society of Breeding Science. All Rights Reserved. | Jo, Hyun; Noy, Noy; Song, Jong Tae; Lee, Jeong-Dong | Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea; Department of Food Security and Agriculture Development, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea; Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea; Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea, Department of Integrative Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea | 57194539358; 58866152400; 57797134000; 40462075100 | jdlee@knu.ac.kr; | Plant Breeding and Biotechnology | 2287-9358 | 11 | 4 | 0.16 | 2025-06-25 | 1 | Accelerated aging; Fatty acids; Germination; Seed vigor; Soybean | English | Final | 2023 | 10.9787/pbb.2023.11.4.263 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||||||||||||||||
| ○ | Conference paper | Semantic segmentation of urban areas using relabeled heterogeneous unmanned aerial datasets and combined deep learning network | Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can overcome several limitations of satellite and aerial platforms using their multiple visit ability. However, UAVs usually collect images of small and simple regions from a large image scene and obtain high-resolution images from various viewing angles and altitudes. Multiple datasets created in various regions and conditions can be helpful considering data expansion to improve the usability of the UAV datasets with deep learning. The combined segmentation network (CSN), which can train two datasets simultaneously by sharing encoding blocks, was used to segment heterogeneous UAV datasets, such as UAVid and semantic drone dataset. CSN shared encoding blocks to learn general features from two datasets and decoding blocks trained separately on each dataset. For the preprocessing step, classes of each dataset were adjusted to minimize the difference between the two datasets. Experiment results show that CSN can segment more accurately for specific classes, such as background and vegetation, which have low ratios in the single dataset. This study presented the potential application of integrated heterogeneous UAV imagery datasets by learning shared layers. Thus, surface inspection would be effectively conducted using UAV datasets. © 2023 SPIE · 0277-786X · | Song, A. | Kyungpook National University, 2559 Gyeongsang-daero, Sangju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 37224, South Korea | 56496312900 | ars@knu.ac.kr; | Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering | 0277-786X | 12607 | 0 | 2025-06-25 | 0 | deep learning; high spatial resolution image; remote sensing; semantic segmentation; UAV | Antennas; Deep learning; Encoding (symbols); Learning systems; Remote sensing; Semantics; Signal encoding; Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV); Aerial vehicle; Combined segmentations; Deep learning; Encodings; High spatial resolution images; Learning network; Remote-sensing; Semantic segmentation; Unmanned aerial vehicle; Urban areas; Semantic Segmentation | English | Final | 2023 | 10.1117/12.3005536 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||||||||||||||||
| ○ | ○ | Proceedings Paper | Semantically Enabled Content Convergence System for Large Scale RDF Big Data | The growing number of large scale RDF Big Data raises a challenging data management problem; how should RDF Big Data be stored, queried and integrated. We propose a novel semantic-based content convergence system which consists of acquisition, RDF storage, ontology learning and mashup subsystems. This system serves as a basis for implementing other more sophisticated applications required in the area of Linked Big Data. | Lee, Yongju; Duan, Hongzhou; Sun, Yuxiang | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Comp Sci & Engn, Daegu, South Korea | 57207015176; 58551469200; 57202927837 | yongju@knu.ac.kr;caixiuming1984@163.com;syx921120@gmaii.com; | 2023 IEEE 47TH ANNUAL COMPUTERS, SOFTWARE, AND APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE, COMPSAC | 0730-3157 | 0.32 | 2025-06-25 | 0 | 1 | convergence system; storage system; ontology learning; mashup; entity matching; Big Data | Big Data; convergence system; entity matching; mashup; ontology learning; storage system | Digital storage; Information management; Learning systems; Ontology; Resource Description Framework (RDF); Semantics; Convergence system; Data management problems; Entity matching; Large-scales; Mash up; Ontology learning; RDF storage; Storage systems; Big data | English | 2023 | 2023 | 10.1109/compsac57700.2023.00155 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | |||||||||||||
| ○ | ○ | Proceedings Paper | Sequence-based System Call Filtering for Enhanced Container Security, is it beneficial? | One critical attack that exploits kernel vulnerabilities through system call invocations is the privilege escalation followed by the infamous container escape. The seccomp provides the first line of defense against it. However, it is known to be brittle since it operates at the granularity of the individual system call. Inadvertent filtering of necessary system calls may inhibit the correct execution while overly generous rules allow the attacks. We believe that, by looking at the sequence of system calls, we can achieve more accurate and effective blocking of attacks in containers. To this end, we analyzed the expected defensive power from applying the sequence-based filtering mechanisms by thoroughly analyzing a large set of collected kernel vulnerabilities to assess the feasibility. | Song, Somin; Suneja, Sahil; Le, Michael V.; Tak, Byungchul | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Daegu, South Korea; IBM TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY USA | song, soming/HJZ-2029-2023 | 57943710100; 55813198500; 57190177825; 6506911621 | sominsong@knu.ac.kr;suneja@us.ibm.com;mvle@us.ibm.com;bctak@knu.ac.kr; | 2023 IEEE/ACM 23RD INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CLUSTER, CLOUD AND INTERNET COMPUTING WORKSHOPS, CCGRIDW | 0.49 | 2025-06-25 | 1 | 1 | container security; seccomp; Linux kernel vulnerability; system call sequence pattern | container security; Linux kernel vulnerability; seccomp; system call sequence pattern | Linux; Blockings; Container security; Individual systems; Linux kernel; Linux kernel vulnerability; Seccomp; Sequence patterns; System call sequence pattern; System calls; System-call sequence; Containers | English | 2023 | 2023 | 10.1109/ccgridw59191.2023.00057 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | |||||||||||||
| ○ | ○ | Proceedings Paper | Sequential Rasterized Image-based Trajectory Prediction Deep-Learning Model | In this paper, we design an ambient vehicle path prediction model based on deep learning. The most important goal of the autonomous driving system is to ensure the safety of passengers. Therefore, it is essential to predict changes in the surrounding environment of vehicles. We generate raster images to take into account road conditions and vehicles, which are moving objects in driving environments. And we use a pair of sequential images rather than a single image as input to the deep learning model. In addition, speed, acceleration, and change of heading rate are used together as input to a deep learning model to provide status information on the vehicle of interest to infer routes. Through this study, it was confirmed that providing sequential information on the road environment contributes to improving the performance of the trajectory prediction by using sequential images as input data for the deep learning model. | Lee, Chaehyun; Han, Dong Seog | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Grad Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Daegu, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Daegu, South Korea | 57563453700; 7403219442 | hyeu330@knu.ac.kr;dshan@knu.ac.kr; | 2023 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION, ICAIIC | 2831-6991 | 0.48 | 2025-06-25 | 0 | 1 | autonomous vehicle; trajectory forecasting; trajectory prediction | autonomous vehicle; trajectory forecasting; trajectory prediction | Automobile drivers; Autonomous vehicles; Deep learning; Image enhancement; Learning systems; Rasterization; Roads and streets; Trajectories; Ambients; Autonomous Vehicles; Image-based; Learning models; Model-based OPC; Path prediction; Prediction modelling; Sequential images; Trajectory forecasting; Trajectory prediction; Forecasting | English | 2023 | 2023 | 10.1109/icaiic57133.2023.10067033 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | |||||||||||||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Shallow Clock Tree Pre-Estimation for Designing Clock Tree Synthesizable Verilog RTLs | Clock tree synthesis (CTS) is an important process in determining overall chip timing and power consumption. The CTS is also a time-consuming process for checking the clock tree. If the chip design and specification do not match, the CTS result will be wrong. Many users use licensed electronic design automation (EDA) tools like Synopsys, and Cadence to carry out accurate chip verification. However, when using a licensed EDA tool, it is difficult to change the function and confirm the overall process in detail. If the design is wrong, the expected cost is doubled, as it will be necessary to modify the design and check all processes for verification. Currently, it cannot check the synthesizability of the clock tree on the placement and route process using only RTL. The main purpose of this study is to predict the CTS result of pre-estimation roughly using an RTL source placing temporary logics using random buffer insertion before the route process: then the incorrectly designed part can be freely modified because the CTS result can be known in advance. Experimental results showed that this research achieves an increase in inserted buffer area by about 10%, the standard deviation of clock skew achieves zero clock skew after shallow CTS, and clock frequency increases by about 10%. This paper contributes to optimizing clock tree implementation by conducting the pre-route process before using the CTS tool. Also, our approach not only minimizes resource usage but also optimizes CTS for the RTL structure. It holds considerable value in enhancing the efficiency and performance of integrated circuits. | Kwon, Nayoung; Park, Daejin | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea | 57638935700; 55463943600 | rnjsskdud999@knu.ac.kr;boltanut@knu.ac.kr; | ELECTRONICS | 2079-9292 | 12 | 20 | 0 | 2025-06-25 | 0 | 0 | chip design; clock tree synthesis (CTS); place and route (P&R); licensed electronic design automation tool (EDA); buffer insertion; clock skew | buffer insertion; chip design; clock skew; clock tree synthesis (CTS); licensed electronic design automation tool (EDA); place and route (P&R) | English | 2023 | 2023-10 | 10.3390/electronics12204340 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||||||||||||
| ○ | ○ | Proceedings Paper | Shear Strength of Poorly Graded Granular Material in Multi-Stage Direct Shear Test | Shear strength of soils plays an important role in geotechnical stability design. A growing number of studies have been carried out on the assessment of the shear strength of granular material using direct shear tests. However, for the same soil sample, different testing procedures may create different shear strengths causing difficulties in selecting the suitable design parameters. In this study, single-stage and multi-stage reversal direct shear tests on granular material were investigated under the drained condition as the dried sample state. Tested samples were glass beads. The drained shear strength of granular material was investigated under various normal stresses of 50, 100, and 150 kPa and three shearing rates of 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 mm/min corresponding to slow, intermediate, and rapid speeds. The study results indicated that the shear stress of samples obtained from the different testing approaches tended to increase as the reversals increased in both the single-stage method and the multi-stage method. The strength envelopes revealed a good agreement between the fourth reversal in the single-stage test and the multi-stage direct shear test. In addition, the friction angle of glass beads was independent of shear rates under drained conditions. | Park, Sung-Sik; Tan-No Nguyen; Dong-Kiem-Lam Tran; Hwang, Keum-Bee; Sung, Hee-Young | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Civil Engn, 80 Buk Gu, Daegu 41566, South Korea | ; Tran, Dong-Kiem-Lam/KLY-3827-2024 | 36241850300; 57862912800; 57217738208; 57347017900; 58161037600 | sungpark@knu.ac.kr;tannonguyen.ce@gmail.com;lam.trandongkiem@uah.edu.vn; | ADVANCES IN GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGY IN MINING AND EARTH SCIENCES | 1863-5520 | 1863-5539 | 1.04 | 2025-06-25 | 0 | 1 | Multi-stage method; Direct shear test; Granular material; Shear rate | BEHAVIOR | Direct shear test; Granular material; Multi-stage method; Shear rate | Glass; Shear deformation; Shear strength; Shear stress; Soil testing; Condition; Direct shear test; Geotechnical stability; Glass bead; Multi-stage methods; Multi-stages; Shear-rate; Shears strength; Single stage; Stability design; Granular materials | English | 2023 | 2023 | 10.1007/978-3-031-20463-0_20 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||||||||||
| ○ | Article | Shear Strengthening by Externally Post-tensioning Steel Rod in Fire-Damaged Reinforced Concrete (RC) Beam | The purpose of this study is to discuss the applicability, strengthening effect and improvements when an externally post-tensioned steel rod system is applied to a fire-damaged reinforced concrete (RC) beam. A total of twelve specimens were prepared in three groups and tested to fail. Group one was not heated, and group two and group three were heated to 700C and 1,000C, respectively. In each group, one beam without externally post-tensioned steel rods was designated as a control beam and three beams had the externally post-tensioned steel rods of 18 mm, 22 mm or 28 mm in diameter. The initial effective tension of about 2,000 was applied to the steel rods. Test results indicated that this can be applied to fire-damaged RC because externally post-tensioning increased the load-carrying capacity by more than 67%. However, additional reinforcement is required in the part where the deviator and anchorage are installed since the concrete surface is weakened by moisture evaporation at high temperatures. © 2023, Architectural Institute of Korea. All rights reserved. | Lee, Swoo-Heon | Department of Convergence and Fusion System Engineering, Kyungpook National University, South Korea | 34869937600 | finksnow@knu.ac.kr; | Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea | 2733-6239 | 39 | 1 | 0 | 2025-06-25 | 0 | Externally Post-tensioning; Fire-damaged; Reinforced Concrete (RC); Steel Rod; Strengthening | Korean | Final | 2023 | 10.5659/jaik.2023.39.1.253 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 |
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