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WoS SCOPUS Document Type Document Title Abstract Authors Affiliation ResearcherID (WoS) AuthorsID (SCOPUS) Author Email(s) Journal Name JCR Abbreviation ISSN eISSN Volume Issue WoS Edition WoS Category JCR Year IF JCR (%) FWCI FWCI Update Date WoS Citation SCOPUS Citation Keywords (WoS) KeywordsPlus (WoS) Keywords (SCOPUS) KeywordsPlus (SCOPUS) Language Publication Stage Publication Year Publication Date DOI JCR Link DOI Link WOS Link SCOPUS Link
Article Effect of {10-12} Twins on Precipitation Behavior of Extruded Mg-8Al-0.5Zn Alloy During Low-temperature Aging This study investigates the influence of {10-12} twins on the aging behavior of an extruded Mg- 8Al-0.5Zn (AZ80) alloy during aging at 150 degrees C. The extruded AZ80 alloy is subjected to a compressive strain of 6% along the transverse direction and is subsequently aged at 150 degrees C. The sample with {10-12} twins (referred to as the twinned sample) exhibits a finer grain size and higher internal strain energy compared to the extruded sample. The peak-aging time of the twinned sample is 32 h, which is significantly shorter than that of the extruded sample without twins (200 h). Moreover, the peak-aged hardness of the twinned sample (96.3 Hv) is slightly higher than that of the extruded sample (93.6 Hv), despite the substantially shorter peak-aging time in the former. The high internal strain in the twinned sample, especially within the twins, promotes the formation of continuous precipitates (CPs) during the early stages of aging. As the aging time increases, the number density of fine CPs in the twins increases through additional precipitation. In the extruded sample, the area fraction of discontinuous precipitates (DPs) rapidly increases with increasing aging time. In contrast, the formation and growth of DPs are substantially suppressed in the twinned sample, because CPs predominantly form and twin boundaries act as barriers to DP growth. As a result, the area fraction of the peak-aged twinned sample (5.1%) is significantly lower than that of the peak-aged extruded sample (60.2%). Consequently, the introduction of {10-12} twins in the extruded AZ80 alloy results in the promotion of CP formation, suppression of DP formation, and significant reduction in peak-aging time under the 150 degrees C aging condition. Kim, Hyun Ji; Kim, Ye Jin; Park, Sung Hyuk Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Met Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Grad Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Missile Res Inst, Agcy Def Dev, Daejeon 34060, South Korea Kim, Hyunjin/MDS-5282-2025 59866513600; 59052467200; 54786002500 sh.park@knu.ac.kr; KOREAN JOURNAL OF METALS AND MATERIALS KOREAN J MET MATER 1738-8228 62 8 SCIE MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING 2024 1.4 58.9 0.38 2025-05-07 1 1 AZ80 Mg alloy; twin; aging; precipitate; hardness MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CRYSTAL PLASTICITY; MAGNESIUM; EVOLUTION; MG17AL12; SI aging; AZ80 Mg alloy; hardness; precipitate; twin Brinell Hardness; Grain growth; Hardness; Magnesium alloys; Rockwell hardness; Zinc alloys; 150 ° C; Aging time; Area fraction; Az80 mg alloy; Discontinuous precipitates; Internal strains; Mg alloy; Peak aged; Peak aging; Twin; Precipitates English 2024 2024-08 10.3365/kjmm.2024.62.8.662 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
Article Enhanced Rate Performance of Supercapacitor Electrode Using Hydrophilic Porous Carbon Synthesized from Polyvinylidene Chloride-Resin with CuO and Tetrahydrofuran Carbon materials used as an electrode for aqueous supercapacitors should be synthesized with a porous structure and hydrophilic properties to facilitate the adsorption and desorption of electrolyte ions for charge storage. To enlarge the specific surface area, the porous morphology should contain micropores (diameter < 2 nm). Mesopores (diameter: 2 - 50 nm) should also be present for facile ionic transport. Hydrophilic carbon can be achieved by introducing hydrophilic functional groups on the surface. Here, hydrophilic porous carbon was synthesized by mixing a polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) resin precursor with copper oxide (CuO) and tetrahydrofuran (THF), followed by heat treatment at 750 degrees C. CuO acted as a template during the heat treatment, creating large mesopores. The generated HCl from PVDC combined with CuO to form CuCl2, contributing to the micropore formation. THF played a role in introducing hydrophilic functional groups on the carbon surface, to promote the adsorption of aqueous electrolyte ions. The activated carbon synthesized using CuO and THF exhibited a specific capacitance of 90 F g(-1 )at a scan rate of 5 mV s(-1) in 0.5 M K(2)SO(4 )electrolyte. The synthesized activated carbon demonstrated excellent rate capability, retaining 82% of its capacitance at 10 times faster charging rate (50 vs. 5 mV s(-1)). Hong, Leejin; Chun, Sang-Eun Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Innovat Semicond Educ & Res Ctr Future Mobil, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Res Inst Automot Parts & Mat, 80 Daehak Ro, Daegu, South Korea chun, sang-eun/I-7271-2012 58403142100; 36801080300 sangeun@knu.ac.kr; KOREAN JOURNAL OF METALS AND MATERIALS KOREAN J MET MATER 1738-8228 62 12 SCIE MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING 2024 1.4 58.9 0 2025-05-07 0 0 Aqueous supercapacitor; Hydrophilicity; Functional group; Porous carbon; Template; CuO TEMPLATED MESOPOROUS CARBONS; ACTIVATED CARBON; ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; CUCL2 ACTIVATION; SURFACE; WETTABILITY; PYROLYSIS; GLUCOSE; DESIGN; MESO Aqueous supercapacitor; CuO; Functional group; Hydrophilicity; Porous carbon; Template Carbon capture and storage; Carbon sequestration; Electrolytes; Mesopores; Micropores; Negative ions; Positive ions; Aqueous supercapacitor; Chloride resin; Electrolyte ion; Functionals; Hydrophilics; Porous carbons; Synthesised; Template; Tetra-hydrofuran; Tetrahydrofurans; Supercapacitor Korean 2024 2024-12 10.3365/kjmm.2024.62.12.981 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
Article Impact of nsSNPs in human AIM2 and IFI16 gene: a comprehensive in silico analysis AIM2 and IFI16 are the most studied members of AIM2-like receptors (ALRs) in humans and share a common N-Terminal PYD domain and C-terminal HIN domain. The HIN domain binds to dsDNA in response to the invasion of bacterial and viral DNA, and the PYD domain directs apoptosis-associated speck-like protein via protein-protein interactions. Hence, activation of AIM2 and IFI16 is crucial for protection against pathogenic assaults, and any genetic variation in these inflammasomes can dysregulate the human immune system. In this study, different computational tools were used to identify the most deleterious and disease-causing non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) in AIM2 and IFI16 proteins. Molecular dynamic simulation was performed for the top damaging nsSNPs to study single amino acid substitution-induced structural alterations in AIM2 and IFI16. The observed results suggest that the variants G13V, C304R, G266R, and G266D for AIM2, and G13E and C356F are deleterious and affect structural integrity. We hope that the suggested deleterious nsSNPs and structural dynamics of AIM2 and IFI16 variants will guide future research to better understand the function of these variants with large-scale studies and may assist in fresher therapeutics focusing on these polymorphisms.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma Sahoo, Sthitaprajna; Son, Seungwoo; Lee, Hak-Kyo; Lee, Jun-Yeong; Gosu, Vijayakumar; Shin, Donghyun Jeonbuk Natl Univ, Dept Agr Convergence Technol, Jeonju, South Korea; Jeonbuk Natl Univ, Dept Anim Biotechnol, Jeonju, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Life Sci, BK21 FOUR KNU Creat Biores Grp, Daegu, South Korea; Jeonbuk Natl Univ, Dept Anim Biotechnol, Jeonju 54896, South Korea; Jeonbuk Natl Univ, Dept Agr Convergence Technol, Jeonju 54896, South Korea 57224752520; 57207573695; 34968239000; 56428518900; 55484639100; 56591172300 gosu@jbnu.ac.kr;sdh1214@gmail.com; JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE & DYNAMICS J BIOMOL STRUCT DYN 0739-1102 1538-0254 42 5 SCIE BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY;BIOPHYSICS 2024 2.4 58.9 1.9 2025-04-16 5 8 Single nucleotide polymorphism; AIM2; IFI16; SIFT; molecular dynamics; conservation INFLAMMASOME ACTIVATION; ESSENTIAL DYNAMICS; PROTEIN; MUTATION; FAMILY; SERVER; TOOL; DNA; POLYMORPHISMS; MECHANISMS AIM2; conservation; IFI16; molecular dynamics; SIFT; Single nucleotide polymorphism Carrier Proteins; DNA, Viral; DNA-Binding Proteins; Humans; Inflammasomes; Nuclear Proteins; Phosphoproteins; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; amino acid; double stranded DNA; indicator; inflammasome; AIM2 protein, human; carrier protein; DNA binding protein; IFI16 protein, human; inflammasome; nuclear protein; phosphoprotein; virus DNA; absent in melanoma 2; amino acid sequence; amino terminal sequence; Article; bioinformatics; carboxy terminal sequence; computer model; computer simulation; crystal structure; diagnostic procedure; gene; gene mutation; gene sequence; human; immune system; interferon gamma inducible protein 16; macromolecule; missense mutation; molecular dynamics; mutagenesis; Non synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism; phosphorylation; phylogenetic tree; Protein Data Bank; protein degradation; protein function; protein misfolding; protein protein interaction; protein stability; protein structure; sequence alignment; sequence analysis; sequence based prediction tool; single nucleotide polymorphism; structure analysis; support vector machine; ubiquitination; genetics; metabolism; single nucleotide polymorphism English 2024 2024-03-23 10.1080/07391102.2023.2206907 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
Article Investigation of the Calciothermic Reduction of TiO 2 for the Green Production of Ti and TiH 2 Powders To develop an eco-friendly titanium (Ti) production process, the calciothermic reduction of titanium dioxide (TiO2) was investigated. The mechanism involved in the reduction of TiO2 using calcium (Ca) was examined. The influence of a molten salt, calcium chloride (CaCl2), on the calciothermic reduction was investigated by conducting experiments at 1123 - 1223 K in an argon (Ar) atmosphere for the duration of 0.5 - 9 h. When CaCl2 was used as a molten salt, the oxygen (O) concentration in Ti decreased to 0.162 mass% owing to the removal of calcium oxide (CaO) from the surface of the Ti particles. In addition, the use of a CaCl2 - lithium chloride (LiCl) molten salt decreased the reaction temperature to 1073 K and the O concentration in the obtained Ti reached 0.333 mass%. Furthermore, after the calciothermic reduction of TiO2 at 1173 K using a perforated crucible, the residual Ca-containing salt was sufficiently separated in-situ from the crucible, and a mixture of Ti and TiH1.924 was produced via hydrogenation at 1023 K by changing the atmosphere gas from Ar to hydrogen gas (H2). The results of this study demonstrate the feasibility of the calciothermic reduction of TiO2 for the eco-friendly production of Ti and TiH2 powders. Park, Sung -Hun; Kang, Jungshin; Sohn, Ho -Sang Seoul Natl Univ, Res Inst Energy & Resources, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Energy Resources Engn, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea Park, Sung-Hun/JZS-8726-2024 57208205988; 55637737500; 7201426373 sohn@knu.ac.kr; KOREAN JOURNAL OF METALS AND MATERIALS KOREAN J MET MATER 1738-8228 62 3 SCIE MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING 2024 1.4 58.9 0.38 2025-05-07 1 1 titanium dioxide; titanium; calciothermic reduction; calcium chloride; lithium chloride; hydrogen THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; TITANIUM-OXIDE; OXYGEN; DEOXIDATION; ALLOY; DIFFUSION; KINETICS; CACL2; METAL calciothermic reduction; calcium chloride; hydrogen; lithium chloride; titanium; titanium dioxide Argon; Calcium chloride; Conservation; Environmental protection; Fused salts; Lime; Argon atmospheres; Calciothermic reduction; Eco-friendly; Green production; Molten salt; Production process; Titania; Titanium particles; Titanium production; Titanium dioxide English 2024 2024-03 10.3365/kjmm.2024.62.3.190 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
Article Surface Defect Generation on SnO2 Nanoparticles Using High-Energy Ball Milling for H2S Gas Sensor Applications Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a highly toxic and dangerous gas with a flammable and corrosive nature, making the development of reliable gas sensors for its detection vital. This study investigated the enhancement in H2S gas sensing performance of commercial SnO2 powders after high-energy milling. SnO2 powders were subjected to high-energy milling for 30, 60, and 90 min and then were characterized using advanced techniques to evaluate their morphology, chemical composition, and crystallinity. The response of a pristine SnO2 gas sensor, and ones where the SnO2 was milled for 30, 60 and 90 min, were 2.46, 2.27, 3.01, and 1.98, respectively, to 10 ppm H2S at 300 degrees C. Thus, the H2S gas sensing results revealed that the SnO2 powders milled for 60 min exhibited the highest sensing performance. This improvement in H2S sensing performance was attributable to the reduced particle sizes achieved through the high-energy milling process, which increased the surface area and created defects on the surface of the SnO2 particles, thereby enhancing the interaction between the gas molecules and sensor material. The smaller morphological size of the particles and surface defects subsequently promoted the resistance modulation crucial for H2S gas detection. This study demonstrates that high-energy ball milling can effectively boost the gas-sensing features of SnO2 powders. The findings can provide guidance for enhancing the gas-sensing capabilities of other resistive sensors. Kim, Changyu; Ye, Sung Wook; Shin, Jiyeon; Park, Jimyeong; Lee, Se Hun; Huh, Jeung-Soo; Mirzaei, Ali; Roh, Jong Wook; Choi, Myung Sik Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Energy Mat & Chem Engn, Sangju 37224, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Hydrogen & Renewable Energy, Daegu 41556, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Nano & Adv Mat Sci & Engn, Sangju 37224, South Korea; Seoul Natl Univ, Adv Inst Convergence Technol, Suwon 16229, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Energy Convergence & Climate Change, Daegu 41556, South Korea; Shiraz Univ Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Shiraz 7155713876, Iran Choi, Myung-Sik/J-5687-2012; Mirzaei, Ali/J-8849-2019 59125659400; 57343753300; 57994575600; 59125311500; 57194053310; 7102258915; 57196467909; 25638796100; 57190737942 jw.roh@knu.ac.kr;ms.choi@knu.ac.kr; KOREAN JOURNAL OF METALS AND MATERIALS KOREAN J MET MATER 1738-8228 62 12 SCIE MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING 2024 1.4 58.9 0 2025-05-07 0 0 SnO2; High-energy ball milling; Gas sensor; H2S gas; Sensing mechanism OXIDE SEMICONDUCTORS; TEMPERATURE; NANOSTRUCTURES Gas sensor; H<sub>2</sub>S gas; High-energy ball milling; Sensing mechanism; SnO<sub>2</sub> Chemical sensors; Gallium compounds; Germanium compounds; Indicators (chemical); Layered semiconductors; Milling (machining); Milling machines; Photodissociation; Photoionization; Photolysis; Defect generation; Energy milling; Gas sensing; Gas-sensors; H2S gas; High-energy ball milling; Sensing mechanism; Sensing performance; SnO 2; SnO 2 nanoparticles; Hydrogen sulfide English 2024 2024-12 10.3365/kjmm.2024.62.12.963 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
Article Synthesis of Mesoporous CuOx Using Inverse Micelle Sol-gel Process for NO2 Gas Sensing Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) 2 ) is a highly dangerous gas, mostly emitting emitted from fossil fuels, and a major contributor to air pollution. It has negatively effects affects on the human health as well asand contributes to environmental issues like acid rain. In this study, mesoporous CuOX X nanoparticles (NPs) were successfully synthesized using a low-temperature inverse micelle sol-gel method. Subsequently, the synthesized NPs were annealed at temperatures of 250, 350, and 450 degrees C. Advanced characterization of the synthesized samples revealed that upon with increasing the annealing temperature, the sizes of the NPs increased, whileereas their surface areas decreased. The sample annealed at 250 degrees C showed a remarkably higher surface area (161.85 m2/g) 2 /g) compared with the samples annealed at 350 degrees C (39.88 m2/g) 2 /g) and 450 degrees C (22.52 m2/g) 2 /g) thanks to finer particle sizes and a mesoporous nature. Resistive gas sensors incorporating these samples were successfully fabricated and tested for sensitivity towards both NO2 2 (oxidizing gas) and H2S 2 S (reducing gas) at 200 degrees C. The sensor with the mesoporous CuOX X NPs annealed at the lowest temperature (250 degrees C) exhibited an enhanced response to NO2 2 gas but no response to H2S. 2 S. The strong response to NO2 2 gas is considered to be due to the high surface area of the sensing layer which provides plenty of adsorption sites for gas molecules and the oxidizing nature of NO2 2 gas with high affinity to electrons. These findings highlight the effectiveness of the inverse micelle sol-gel method forin synthesizing mesoporous CuOX X NPs for gas sensing, as well as the need for to optimizing optimize the annealing temperature to maximize the sensor response. Heo, Sung Gue; Kim, Sangwoo; Seo, Seok-Jun; Sim, Jae Jin; Shin, Jiyeon; Mirzaei, Ali; Choi, Myung Sik Korea Natl Inst Rare Met, Korea Inst Ind Technol, Incheon 21655, South Korea; Korea Inst Ind Technol, Mat Supply Chain R&D Dept, Incheon 21999, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Nano & Adv Mat Sci & Engn, Sangju 37224, South Korea; Shiraz Univ Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Shiraz 7155713876, Iran Mirzaei, Ali/J-8849-2019; Sim, JaeJin/MBH-2209-2025; Choi, Myung-Sik/J-5687-2012 57200148734; 57197763381; 57225664552; 57191752208; 57994575600; 57196467909; 57190737942 Mirzaei@sutech.ac.ir;ms.choi@knu.ac.kr; KOREAN JOURNAL OF METALS AND MATERIALS KOREAN J MET MATER 1738-8228 62 8 SCIE MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING 2024 1.4 58.9 0.38 2025-05-07 0 1 mesoporous CuOx; x; inverse micelle; gas sensor; NO2 2 gas; sensing mechanism COPPER-OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; SENSORS gas sensor; inverse micelle; mesoporous CuO<sub>x</sub>; NO<sub>2</sub> gas; sensing mechanism Acid rain; Chemical sensors; Gas sensing electrodes; Kyoto Protocol; Mesopores; Nitrogen oxides; Syngas production; Gas sensing; Gas-sensors; Inverse micelles; Lows-temperatures; Mesoporous; Mesoporous CuOx; NO 2; NO2 gas; Sensing mechanism; Synthesised; Annealing English 2024 2024-08 10.3365/kjmm.2024.62.8.631 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
Article Impact of diabetes mellitus and hypertension on renal function during first-line targeted therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a retrospective multicenter study Background: Renal function deterioration during systemic therapy in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) is a long-term concern in treatment planning. Although hypertension (HTN) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are the most common factors that affect chronic kidney disease (CKD) development and progression, their impact on renal function during targeted therapy is unclear. This study investigated whether DM and HTN were associated with a decline in renal function during first-line targeted therapy for mRCC. Methods: This retrospective multicenter study analyzed patients receiving first-line targeted therapy for mRCC. They were classified as follows: group 1: HTN-, DM-; group 2: HTN+, DM-; group 3: HTN-, DM+; and group 4: HTN+, DM+. Changes in renal function and factors affecting progression to stage 4 CKD after targeted therapy were analyzed. Results: Among the 424 enrolled patients, 303 (71.5%) and 121 (28.5%) were treated with sunitinib and pazopanib, respectively [median duration: 10.3 months, interquartile range (IQR), 3.1-37.0 months]. Although all groups showed a decreased mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) after treatment (P<0.001 for group 1, group 2, and group 4, P=0.02 for group 3, respectively), there were no significant differences in changes in eGFR (triangle eGFR) between groups (P=0.10). However, actual renal function change calculated using percent triangle eGFR (%triangle eGFR) showed differences between groups (P=0.02); the %triangle eGFR of group 4 was significantly lower compared with group 1 (P=0.008). The mean progression time to stage 4 CKD in group 4 (38.6 months) was significantly shorter compared to the other groups (P<0.001). Multivariate analysis identified increased age (P=0.008), increased number of metastatic sites (P=0.047), and DM and HTN coexistence (P<0.001) as predictors of progression to stage 4 CKD. Conclusions: Patients with DM and HTN experienced further decline in renal function and had a higher risk of progression to stage 4 CKD after targeted therapy compared to patients without these risk factors. Recognition and proactive management of DM and HTN are necessary to facilitate the proper administration of life-prolonging oncological treatments. Gu, Hui Mo; Sou, Sung Jun; Ku, Ja Yoon; Kim, Kyung Hwan; Park, Young Joo; Choi, Seock Hwan; Ha, Hong Koo; Hwang, Eu Chang; Lee, Chan Ho Chonnam Natl Univ, Hwasun Hosp, Dept Urol, Med Sch, Hwasun, South Korea; Inje Univ, Busan Paik Hosp, Coll Med, Dept Urol, 75 Bokji Ro, Pusan 47392, South Korea; Dongnam Inst Radiol & Med Sci, Dept Urol, Canc Ctr, Pusan, South Korea; Pusan Natl Univ, Pusan Natl Univ Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Urol, Pusan, South Korea; Pusan Natl Univ, Pusan Natl Univ Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Pusan, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Kyungpook Natl Univ Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Urol, Daegu, South Korea Hwang, Eu/K-3680-2019; Ha, Hong/W-1873-2019 58290889500; 59347623100; 55373044600; 57215819741; 56697660800; 9742645500; 36854637400; 8441681300; 55855972900 leechanho@naver.com; TRANSLATIONAL ANDROLOGY AND UROLOGY TRANSL ANDROL UROL 2223-4683 2223-4691 13 9 SCIE ANDROLOGY;UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY 2024 1.7 59.0 0 2025-05-07 1 0 Targeted therapy; renal function; chronic kidney disease (CKD); diabetes mellitus (DM); hypertension KIDNEY-FUNCTION; NEPHROPATHY; MANAGEMENT; GUIDELINE; SUNITINIB; DISEASE; RISK; VEGF chronic kidney disease (CKD); diabetes mellitus (DM); hypertension (HTN); renal function; Targeted therapy pazopanib; sunitinib; adult; aged; Article; chronic kidney failure; diabetes mellitus; estimated glomerular filtration rate; female; first-line treatment; follow up; hemodialysis; human; hypertension; kidney function; major clinical study; male; metastatic renal cell carcinoma; multicenter study; observational study; retrospective study; risk factor English 2024 2024-09-30 10.21037/tau-24-231 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
Article Coastal vulnerability differentiated according to geospatial quartiles method: Rasulpur to Subarnarekha estuary, east coast of India The coastal stretch of Rasulpur to Subarnarekha estuary approx. length of 70.42 km is potentially exposed and vulnerable due to coastal erosion along Bay of Bengal. The research strives to assess the vulnerability degree using composite index by geospatial quartiles system. Six triggering parameters (elevation, distance to river estuaries, land use/land cover, coastal slope, distance to coastline and historical shoreline change rate) are combined for Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI). The resulting values have been classified with 4 CVI classes (very high, high, moderate and low vulnerability) according to quartiles statistics. The research demarked that half of the shoreline fell under moderate (CVI rank 2) to very highly vulnerable class (CVI rank 4). The degree of vulnerability along study area varies between 0.57 and 33.54 by CVI calculation. The shoreline of Old Digha, Rasulpur estuary, Digha estuary, Mandarmani estuary and Mandarmani has been fallen under rank 4. Rank of 3 is identified Udaipur, New Digha, Beguran Jalpai, Junput, Bankiput and Talsari. A few important beaches are identified under moderate vulnerable rank (Chandpur and Subarnarekha estuary). Only in three shorelines are found as low vulnerable index i.e., Shankarpur, Tajpur and Dadanpatrabar. The outcomes of vulnerability also provide valuable insightful information to coastal planners and decision makers for formulating the new strategies that are suitable for the study area and that also helpful for sustainable coastal management. Nath, Anindita; Koley, Bappaditya; Choudhury, Tanupriya; Saraswati, Subhajit; Um, Jung-Sup Jadavpur Univ, Dept Construct Engn, Kolkata 700106, West Bengal, India; Bankim Sardar Coll, Dept Geog, South 24 Parganas, Halapara 743329, West Bengal, India; Graph Era Hill Univ, CSE Dept, Dehra Dun 248002, Uttarakhand, India; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Coll Social Sci, Dept Geog, 80 Univ Rd, Daegu 702701, South Korea; Symbiosis Int Deemed Univ, Symbiosis Inst Technol, CSE Dept, Pune 412115, Maharashtra, India; Univ Petr & Energy Studies UPES, SoCS, Dehra Dun 248007, Uttarakhand, India ; Koley, Bappaditya/ABD-2038-2021; Choudhury, Tanupriya/AAB-8947-2020; Nath, Anindita/ADD-4573-2022; Um, Jung-Sup/F-5351-2018 57219157935; 57219158700; 57193140084; 12809435400; 35173565000 aninditan286@gmail.com;bappadityakoley2012@gmail.com;tanupriya1986@gmail.com;jsaeom@knu.ac.kr; SPATIAL INFORMATION RESEARCH SPAT INF RES 2366-3286 2366-3294 32 4 ESCI REMOTE SENSING 2024 2 59.2 1.09 2025-05-07 4 5 Composite index; Coastal vulnerability index; Shoreline change; Erosion and accretion, geospatial SEA-LEVEL RISE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; INDEX; PEOPLE; GIS; GOA Coastal vulnerability index; Composite index; Erosion and accretion, geospatial; Shoreline change Bay of Bengal; India; Indian Ocean; Decision making; Estuaries; Land use; Bay of Bengal; Coastal erosion; Coastal vulnerability indices; Composite index; East coast of india; Erosion and accretion, geospatial; Geo-spatial; Shoreline change; Study areas; Vulnerability degree; coastal erosion; index method; shoreline change; vulnerability; Erosion English 2024 2024-08 10.1007/s41324-023-00554-w 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
Article Genetic Variation and Association Analysis of Elite Waxy Maize Inbred Lines in South Korea This study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity (GD) and association analysis for 100-kernel weight (100KW) and understand the population structure and genetic distance among Korean waxy maize inbred lines collected in South Korea. The average value of 100KW was 19.8 & PLUSMN; 4.7 g, with statistically significant differences between low and high groups based on the average value. GD analysis using 150 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci showed an average of 3.94 alleles and 4.32 genotypes per locus. The average GD was 0.581, and the average polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.522. Pairwise genetic similarity coefficients ranged from 0.229 to 0.893 with an average of 0.385. A distance-based unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrogram showed all the inbred lines dividing into five subgroups at a genetic similarity of 35.1%. Group I consisted of 16 inbred lines, with nine low inbred lines and seven high inbred lines. Group II included 20 inbred lines, composed of 10 low and 10 high 100KW inbred lines. Groups III and V each had two high or low inbred lines, respectively. Group IV had only one high inbred line. The model-based population structure classified K = 2 and K = 4 based on delta K. Association analysis between 100KW and SSR markers identified five marker-trait associations (MTAs) involving four SSR markers. The information from this study may support opportunities for selecting inbred lines with desirable traits and for developing new waxy maize varieties in South Korea. This could enable maize breeders to improve crop yield and quality through marker-assisted selection (MAS). Sa, Kyu Jin; Park, Hyeon; Jang, So Jung; Ryu, Si-Hwan; Choi, Jae-Keun; Lee, Ju Kyong Kangwon Natl Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Dept Bioresource Sci, Chunchon 24341, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Coll Ecol & Environm Sci, Dept Crop Sci, Sangju 37224, South Korea; Kangwon Natl Univ, Interdisciplinary Program Smart Agr, Chunchon 24341, South Korea; Maize Res Inst, Gangwon Do Agr Res & Extens Serv, Hongcheon 25160, South Korea 36698953300; 57211708685; 57799681100; 58613671400; 58614264200; 7601470590 jukyonglee@kangwon.ac.kr; PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTER PLANT MOL BIOL REP 0735-9640 1572-9818 42 1 SCIE BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS;PLANT SCIENCES 2024 1.4 59.2 0 2025-05-07 0 0 Waxy maize; Association analysis; Genetic diversity; 100-kernel weight; SSR marker LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; DIVERSITY; TRAITS; WEIGHT; RFLPS; PERFORMANCE; PREDICTION; SOFTWARE; NUMBER 100-kernel weight; Association analysis; Genetic diversity; SSR marker; Waxy maize English 2024 2024-03 10.1007/s11105-023-01405-6 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
Article How does ChatGPT evaluate the value of spatial information in the 4th industrial revolution? Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT), developed by OpenAI, is a prominent AI model capable of understanding and generating human-like text based on input. Since terms and concepts of spatial information are contextual, the applications of ChatGPT on spatial information disciplines can be biased by the perceptions and perspectives of ChatGPT towards spatial information. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the real magnitude and level of comprehension of spatial information by ChatGPT is essential before exploring its potential applications in spatial information disciplines. This article aims to investigate how ChatGPT evaluates spatial information and its potential contributions to 4th Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0). ChatGPT has summarized a notable perspective on evaluating and utilizing spatial information in the context of the Industry 4.0. The result of this study shows that ChatGPT has a good understanding on contextual concepts related to spatial information. However, it exhibits potential biases and challenges, as its responses lean towards the technological and analytical aspects. The results provide a crucial understanding on how to leverage ChatGPT's benefits to the fullest while recognizing its constraints, with the aim to enhance the efficacy from the perspective of applications linked to spatial information. Hwang, Young-Seok; Um, Jung-Sup; Pradhan, Biswajeet; Choudhury, Tanupriya; Schlueter, Stephan Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Spatial Informat Sci, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Geog, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Univ Technol Sydney, Ctr Adv Modelling & Geospatial Informat Syst CAMGI, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Univ Kebangsaan Malaysia, Inst Climate Change, Earth Observat Ctr, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; Symbiosis Int, Symbiosis Inst Technol, CSE Dept, Pune 412115, Maharashtra, India; Ulm Univ Appl Sci, Dept Math, Nat & Econ Sci, D-89075 Ulm, Germany Choudhury, Tanupriya/AAB-8947-2020; Um, Jung-Sup/F-5351-2018 57218585482; 35173565000; 12753037900; 57193140084; 55258366500 youngseokhwang@knu.ac.kr;jsaeom@knu.ac.kr;biswajeet.pradhan@uts.edu.au;tanupriya.choudhury@sitpune.edu.in;Stephan.Schlueter@thu.de; SPATIAL INFORMATION RESEARCH SPAT INF RES 2366-3286 2366-3294 32 2 ESCI REMOTE SENSING 2024 2 59.2 1.28 2025-05-07 6 7 ChatGPT; Spatial information; Perception; 4th Industrial Revolution 4th Industrial Revolution; ChatGPT; Perception; Spatial information 4th industrial revolution; Chat generative pre-trained transformer; Human like; Industrial revolutions; Spatial informations; artificial intelligence; aspect; information processing; perception; public attitude; software; technology adoption; Industry 4.0 English 2024 2024-04 10.1007/s41324-023-00567-5 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
Article Inundation extend mapping for multi-temporal SAR using automatic thresholding and change detection: a case study on Kosi river of India The flood occurrence frequency has increased over the years due to climate change, and various state-of-the-art methods have been proposed for flood mapping using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data. However, whenever there are similarities in the radar backscatter values of permanent water bodies and sand areas, the riverine floods are generally ignored due to high computational complexity. This paper proposes a multi-source data fusion-based model for mapping the Kosi river floodplain areas in the Supaul district of Bihar, India, using both VV and VH bands of Sentinel-1 SAR imagery. The proposed model involves image pre-processing, classification, and post-processing of results to obtain the flood map. The combination of Otsu automatic threshold detection and change detection methods is used for reducing the overestimation of flooded pixels while identifying flood-prone areas. The post-processing involves the identification of high and low-confidence flood regions, riverine floods, generation of flood maps, and estimation of flooded areas. The impact of the flood on the nearby area is captured using multi-temporal images of the Supaul district. The pre-processing, visualizing, processing, and analysis of the results are carried out in Google Earth Engine. The proposed method is suitable for identifying flooding in both non-permanent and permanently low backscattering areas. Kindly check and confirm the inserted city name is correct for affiliation 3. All author's details are updated through e-proofing; kindly assign *Aditya Raj, *Tanupriya Choudhury, *Greetta Pinheiro and *Jung-Sup Um as Corresponding author(s). Pinheiro, Greetta; Raj, Aditya; Minz, Sonajharia; Choudhury, Tanupriya; Um, Jung-Sup Jawaharlal Nehru Univ, Sch Comp & Syst Sci, New Delhi, India; Univ Petr & Energy Studies UPES, SoCS, Dehra Dun 248007, India; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Coll Social Sci, Dept Geog, Daegu, South Korea; Symbiosis Int Deemed Univ, Symbiosis Inst Technol, Pune, Maharashtra, India Raj, Aditya/HGB-3111-2022; Um, Jung-Sup/F-5351-2018; Choudhury, Tanupriya/AAB-8947-2020 58130552100; 58823508600; 17435286600; 57193140084; 35173565000 greett17_scs@jnu.ac.in;raj05aditya@gmail.com;sona.minz@gmail.com;tanupriya1986@gmail.com;jsaeom@knu.ac.kr; SPATIAL INFORMATION RESEARCH SPAT INF RES 2366-3286 2366-3294 32 3 ESCI REMOTE SENSING 2024 2 59.2 1.45 2025-05-07 5 4 Sentinel-1; Flood mapping; Automatic thresholding; Change detection; Google Earth Engine FLOOD INUNDATION Automatic thresholding; Change detection; Flood mapping; Google Earth Engine; Sentinel-1 Kosi River; Backscattering; Change detection; Climate change; Data fusion; Engines; Mapping; Radar imaging; Synthetic aperture radar; Automatic thresholding; Change detection; Flood mapping; Flood maps; Google earth engine; Google earths; Multi-temporal; Post-processing; Riverine floods; Sentinel-1; backscatter; flooding; floodplain; mapping method; radar imagery; Sentinel; synthetic aperture radar; Floods English 2024 2024-06 10.1007/s41324-023-00555-9 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
Article Landslide hazard zones differentiated according to thematic weighting: Road alignment in North Sikkim Himalayas, India Geospatial analysis is a powerful tool for assessing landslide frequency distribution and hazard potential zones along road alignment in North Sikkim Himalayas, India. The thematic weightings used for road alignment include slope angle, slope aspect, lithology or rock types, hydrological characteristics (drainage lines), fault and thrust present, road alignment, and surface cover type. Each parameter can be assigned a numerical value based on its potential contribution towards increasing landslide susceptibility; higher values indicate greater risks while lower ones suggest less danger from these events occurring along that stretch of roadway or landform feature. Thematic weighted method has determined the weight values of various preparatory factors based on their vulnerability and estimated the landslide hazard index (LHI) by classifying the study area into four distinct hazard zones: very high (12.12%), high (40%), moderate (37.20%) and low-hazard zone (10.68%). The result reveals that 65.3% of landslides occurred in the very high-hazard zone. About 24.7% and 7.6% of the landslides were found in high and moderate-hazard zones. Only 2.4% of landslides contribute to a low-hazard zone. It has been found that the landslide frequency percentage gradually increases from low (2.4%) to very high hazard zone (65.3%). This mapping also helps planners decide where construction activities should not be performed if they are located within these hazardous zones thus helping reduce future losses due to such calamities are significant. Koley, Bappaditya; Nath, Anindita; Saraswati, Subhajit; Bhattacharya, Srabanti; Ray, Bidhan Chandra; Choudhury, Tanupriya; Um, Jung-Sup Jadavpur Univ, Sch Oceanog Studies, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India; Bankim Sardar Coll, Dept Geog, South 24, Parganas 743329, West Bengal, India; Jadavpur Univ, Dept Construction Engn, Kolkata 700106, West Bengal, India; Rani Birla GirlsCollege, Dept Geog, Kolkata 700017, West Bengal, India; Jadavpur Univ, Dept Chem, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India; Graphic Era Hill Univ, CSE Dept, Dehra Dun 248002, Uttaranchal, India; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Coll Social Sci, Dept Geog, Daegu 702701, South Korea; Univ Petr & Energy Studies, Sch Comp Sci, Dehra Dun 248007, Uttaranchal, India; Graphic Era Deemed be Univ, Dehra Dun 248002, Uttarakhand, India ; Choudhury, Tanupriya/AAB-8947-2020; Koley, Bappaditya/ABD-2038-2021; Um, Jung-Sup/F-5351-2018; Nath, Anindita/ADD-4573-2022 57219158700; 57219157935; 12809435400; 57343584700; 15837829900; 57193140084; 35173565000 bappadityakoley2012@gmail.com;aninditan286@gmail.com;tanupriyachoudhury@gehu.ac.in;jsaeom@knu.ac.kr; SPATIAL INFORMATION RESEARCH SPAT INF RES 2366-3286 2366-3294 32 1 ESCI REMOTE SENSING 2024 2 59.2 1.45 2025-05-07 5 4 Thematic weighting; Road alignment; Event controlling factors; Potential hazard zones; Geo-hazards; North Sikkim Himalayas FREQUENCY RATIO METHOD; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; RIVER-BASIN; SUSCEPTIBILITY; GIS; ZONATION; PAKISTAN; IMPACT; SOUTH; AREA Event controlling factors; Geo-hazards; North Sikkim Himalayas; Potential hazard zones; Road alignment; Thematic weighting Himalayas; India; Sikkim; Sikkim Himalayas; Construction industry; Hazards; Lithology; Roads and streets; Controlling factors; Event controling factor; Geohazards; Hazard zones; Himalayas; North sikkim himalayas; Potential hazard zone; Potential hazards; Road alignments; Thematic weighting; hazard assessment; hazard management; hydrological feature; landform; landslide; lithology; road construction; slope angle; slope stability; vulnerability; Landslides English 2024 2024-02 10.1007/s41324-023-00533-1 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
Meeting Abstract PHARMACOKINETICS OF GINSENOSIDES AND EFFECT OF THE LACTIC ACID BACTERIA ON PHARMACOKINETICS OF GINSENOSIDES IN MICE AND HUMAN Jeon, Ji-Hyeon; Park, Jin-Hyang; Jeon, So Yeon; Choi, Min-Koo; Song, Im-Sook Kyungpook Natl Univ, Coll Pharm, BK21 FOUR CommunityBased Intelligent Novel Drug D, Vessel Organ Interact Res Ctr VOICE,Res Inst Phar, Daegu, South Korea; Dankook Univ, Coll Pharm, Cheonan, South Korea DRUG METABOLISM AND PHARMACOKINETICS DRUG METAB PHARMACOK 1347-4367 1880-0920 55 SCIE PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY 2024 2.2 59.2 0 English 2024 2024-04 바로가기 바로가기
Article Performance and Physician Experience of INGEVITY plus Active Fixation Leads: Prospective INGEVITY plus Lead Clinical Study in Korea Background. Boston Scientific INGEVITY+ pacing lead (Boston Scientific, Marlborough, MA, USA) has been upgraded to INGEVITY. The performance of the INGEVITY+ pacing lead has not yet been reported. This study aimed to evaluate the short- and long-term safety, effectiveness, and handling experience of INGEVITY+ leads. Methods. Consecutive patients were included from 9 institutions in Korea, where 400 leads (200 right ventricular active fixation leads and 200 right atrial active fixation leads) were implanted or attempted in 200 subjects. Results. During the implantation, only one patient required a lead change because of lead screw failure. The handling questionnaires of the lead received very positive feedback with 88% of operators agreeing that it is easy for leads to pass through small vessels or vessels with multiple leads. At the 3-month follow-up, 95.7% of RA leads and 99.5% of RV leads had pacing thresholds less than 1.5 V. A total of 92.4% of atrial leads had amplitudes greater than 1.5 mV, and 96.5% of ventricular leads had sensing amplitudes greater than 5 mV at 3 months. A total of 99.8% had impedances between 300 and 1,300 ohms. The lead-related complication-free rate for all leads during follow-up was 100%, and the overall rates of lead dislodgment, perforation, and pericardial effusion were all 0.0%. Conclusions. The INGEVITY+ pacing lead exhibited exceptional clinical performance, with a high complication-free rate throughout the 3-month follow-up period. In addition, the lead displayed excellent electrical characteristics, and the lead-handling experience was reported to be very good. Joung, Boyoung; Bae, Myung Hwan; Oh, Il-Young; Park, Hyung-Seob; Shim, Jaemin; Cho, Min Soo; Lee, Jung Myung; Choi, Eue-Keun; Lee, Young Soo Yonsei Univ Hlth Syst, Seoul, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ Hosp, Daegu, South Korea; Seoul Natl Univ, Bundang Hosp, Soengnam Si, South Korea; Keimyung Univ Hosp, Daegu, South Korea; Korea Univ Hosp, Ansan, Seoul, South Korea; Univ Ulsan, Coll Med, Seoul, South Korea; Kyung Hee Univ Hosp, Seoul, South Korea; Seoul Natl Univ Hosp, Seoul, South Korea; Daegu Catholic Univ, Med Ctr, Daegu, South Korea Oh, Il-Young/ACC-0418-2022; Choi, Eue-Keun/K-3752-2019; Lee, Jung Myung/ABZ-8907-2022 6508263919; 36607356800; 8724022000; 36175197800; 12759857000; 54796425300; 37960934700; 35558194200; 56368143800 cby6908@yuhs.ac;bmh0325@knu.ac.kr;dr.ilyoung.oh@gmail.com;drparkgyver@dsmc.or.kr;jaemins@korea.ac.kr;d070294@gmail.com;cardioljm@gmail.com;choiek417@gmail.com;mdleeys@cu.ac.kr; CARDIOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE CARDIOL RES PRACT 2090-8016 2090-0597 2024 SCIE CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS 2024 1.8 59.3 0 2025-04-16 0 0 MRI CONDITIONAL PACEMAKER; PACING LEAD; 1.5 TESLA; SAFETY; PERFORATION; SYSTEM aged; Article; clinical effectiveness; controlled study; device safety; experience; female; follow up; heart right atrium; heart right ventricle; human; impedance; Korea; major clinical study; male; nuclear magnetic resonance imaging; performance; pericardial effusion; physician; positive feedback; therapy effect English 2024 2024-01-11 10.1155/2024/2172306 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
Article Designing access control security protocol for Industry 4.0 using Blockchain-as-a-Service Industry 4.0 is a revolution of the operations in the industrial manufacturing for increased productivity, trade and commerce. It is heavily reliant on the automation of the processes and equipment along with complex interconnectivity and insightful analysis using machine learning. The interconnectivity of the manufacturing devices from various industrial sites brings with it several security issues related to communication. This article focuses on solving the security issue of access control between such devices and enable seamless secure communication for the proper functioning of the industry. An access control scheme has been proposed that achieves the necessary security features of anonymity, traceability, and forward secrecy. It is also shown that the proposed scheme takes less communication and computational costs, and is strongly resilient against various attacks such as impersonation attack, replay attack, and denial-of-service attack as compared to other relevant schemes. Vangala, Anusha; Das, Ashok Kumar; Kumar, Neeraj; Vijayakumar, Pandi; Karuppiah, Marimuthu; Park, Youngho Int Inst Informat Technol, Ctr Secur Theory & Algorithm Res, Hyderabad, India; Thapar Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Patiala, India; Univ Coll Engn Tindivanam, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Villupuram, India; Presidency Univ, Sch Comp Sci & Engn & Informat Sci, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Daegu, South Korea; Int Inst Informat Technol, Ctr Secur Theory & Algorithm Res, Hyderabad 500032, India Das, Ashok/K-7202-2017; Vangala, Anusha/AAF-8154-2021; Karuppiah, Marimuthu/B-2653-2018; Pandi, Vijayakumar/Y-4636-2019; Kumar, Neeraj/L-3500-2016 iitkgp.akdas@gmail.com; SECURITY AND PRIVACY SECUR PRIVACY 2475-6725 7 2 ESCI TELECOMMUNICATIONS;COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2024 2.1 59.5 1 access control; blockchain; Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT); Industry 4.0; security INTERNET; SCHEME English 2024 2024-03 10.1002/spy2.362 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
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SCOPUS Citation SCOPUS에서 집계된 해당 논문의 총 인용 횟수입니다.
Keywords (WoS) 저자가 논문에서 직접 지정한 키워드입니다. Web of Science에 등록된 저자 키워드 목록입니다.
KeywordsPlus (WoS) Web of Science에서 자동으로 추출한 추가 키워드입니다. 논문의 참고문헌 제목에서 자주 등장하는 단어들로 생성됩니다.
Keywords (SCOPUS) 저자가 논문에서 직접 지정한 키워드입니다. SCOPUS에 등록된 저자 키워드 목록입니다.
KeywordsPlus (SCOPUS) SCOPUS에서 자동으로 추출하거나 추가한 색인 키워드입니다.
Language 논문이 작성된 언어입니다. 대부분 English이며, 그 외 다양한 언어로 작성된 논문이 포함될 수 있습니다.
Publication Year 논문이 출판된 연도입니다.
Publication Date 논문의 정확한 출판 날짜입니다 (년-월-일 형식).
DOI Digital Object Identifier. 디지털 객체 식별자로, 논문을 고유하게 식별하는 영구적인 식별번호입니다. 이를 통해 논문의 온라인 위치를 찾을 수 있습니다.