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WoS SCOPUS Document Type Document Title Abstract Authors Affiliation ResearcherID (WoS) AuthorsID (SCOPUS) Author Email(s) Journal Name JCR Abbreviation ISSN eISSN Volume Issue WoS Edition WoS Category JCR Year IF JCR (%) FWCI FWCI Update Date WoS Citation SCOPUS Citation Keywords (WoS) KeywordsPlus (WoS) Keywords (SCOPUS) KeywordsPlus (SCOPUS) Language Publication Stage Publication Year Publication Date DOI JCR Link DOI Link WOS Link SCOPUS Link
Article Genetic Variants in One-Carbon Metabolism Pathway Predict Survival Outcomes of Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Background: This study was conducted to investigate the association between genetic variants in one-carbon metabolism and survival outcomes of surgically resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: We genotyped 41 potentially functional variants of 19 key genes in the one-carbon metabolism pathway among 750 NSCLC patients who underwent curative surgery. The association between genetic variants and overall survival (OS)/disease-free survival (DFS) were analyzed. Results: Among the 41 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) analyzed, 4 SNPs (MTHFD1L rs6919680T>G and rs3849794T>C, MTR rs2853523C>A, and MTHFR rs4846049G>T) were significantly associated with survival outcomes. MTHFD1L rs6919680T>G and MTR rs2853523C>A were significantly associated with better OS (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 0.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.54-0.99, p = 0.04) and worse OS (aHR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.13-4.07, p = 0.02), respectively. MTHFD1L rs3849794T>C and MTHFR rs4846049G>T were significantly associated with worse DFS (aHR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.08-1.83, p = 0.01; and aHR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.10-3.53, p = 0.02, respectively). When the patients were divided according to histology, the associations were significant only in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), but not in adenocarcinoma (AC). In SCC, MTHFD1L rs6919680T>G and MTR rs2853523C>A were significantly associated with better OS (aHR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.41-1.00, p = 0.05) and worse OS (aHR = 2.77, 95% CI = 1.11-6.91, p = 0.03), respectively, and MTHFD1L rs3849794T>C and MTHFR rs4846049G>T were significantly associated with worse DFS (aHR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.17-2.56, p = 0.01; and aHR = 2.78, 95% CI = 1.12-6.88, p = 0.03, respectively). Conclusions: Our results suggest that the genetic variants in the one-carbon metabolism pathway could be used as biomarkers for predicting the clinical outcomes of patients with early-stage NSCLC. Kyung, Sook; Choi, Sun Ha; Lee, Shin Yup; Choi, Jin Eun; Kang, Hyo-Gyoung; Hong, Mi Jeong; Kim, Ji Hyun; Ah, Sun K.; Lee, Jang Hyuck; Lee, Won Kee; Woo, Young; Lee, Eung; Shin, Kyung Min; Jeong, Ji Yun; Lee, Yong Hoon; Seo, Hyewon; Yoo, Seung Soo; Lee, Jaehee; Cha, Seung Ick; Kim, Chang Ho; Seok, Yangki; Cho, Sukki; Jheon, Sanghoon; Park, Jae Yong Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Cell Biol, Daegu, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Tumor Heterogene & Network THEN Res Ctr, Sch Med, Daegu, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Daegu, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Kung Canc Ctr, Chilgok Hosp, Daegu, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Med, Cell & Matrix Res Inst, Daegu, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, BK21 Plus KNU Biomed Convergence Program, Daegu, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ Hosp, Med Res Collaborat Ctr, Daegu, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Med, Daegu, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Med, Dept Thorac Surg, Daegu, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Daegu, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Daegu, South Korea; Soonchunhyang Univ, Dept Thorac Surg, Gumi Hosp, Gumi, South Korea; Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Thorac & Cardiovasc Surg, Sch Med, Seoul, South Korea Park, Jin-Young/HDN-0483-2022; Lee, Jaehee/S-1697-2018; Lee, Yoojin/AAB-9799-2022; Choi, Sun Ha/HPD-7234-2023 56333658000; 57199723585; 49863712700; 37107028100; 8573181300; 55613917100; 57865598600; 57162067900; 57161223200; 22953484700; 57189600352; 55664096100; 7402410737; 57205472984; 57199022948; 55612130200; 56479781600; 13805476000; 35227126400; 7409873555; 37052883000; 23993782100; 35588946900; 58360293800 shinyup@knu.ac.kr;jaeyong@knu.ac.kr; ONCOLOGY ONCOLOGY-BASEL 0030-2414 1423-0232 98 12 SCIE ONCOLOGY 2020 2.935 77.5 0.07 2025-06-25 3 2 Non-small cell lung cancer; Surgery; Survival; One-carbon metabolism; Polymorphism FOLATE; MTHFD1L; GLYCINE Aged; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Disease-Free Survival; Female; Genetic Variation; Genotype; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Proteins; One-Carbon Group Transferases; Prognosis; transferase; tumor marker; tumor protein; aged; Article; cancer prognosis; cancer recurrence; cancer staging; cancer surgery; cancer survival; carbon metabolism; controlled study; disease association; disease free survival; female; gene function; genetic association; genetic selection; genetic variability; genotype; human; lung adenocarcinoma; major clinical study; male; MTHFD1L gene; MTHFD1Lgene; MTHFR gene; MTR gene; non small cell lung cancer; oncogene; overall survival; pathogenesis; prediction; priority journal; single nucleotide polymorphism; squamous cell lung carcinoma; genetic variation; genetics; metabolism; middle aged; non small cell lung cancer; pathology; prognosis English 2020 2020-11 10.1159/000509658 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
Article Polymorphisms in Glycolysis-Related Genes Are Associated with Clinical Outcomes of Paclitaxel-Cisplatin Chemotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Objective:This study was conducted to investigate whether polymorphisms in glycolysis-related genes are associated with clinical outcomes of patients with advanced-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) undergoing chemotherapy.Methods:A total of 377 patients with NSCLC were enrolled. Sixty-five single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 26 genes involved in the glycolytic pathway were evaluated. The associations of the variants with the chemotherapy response and overall survival (OS) were analyzed.Results:Among the 65 variants investigated,PFKLrs2073436C>G andGPIrs7248411C>G significantly correlated with clinical outcomes after chemotherapy in multivariate analyses.PFKLrs2073436C>G was significantly associated with both a worse response to chemotherapy (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.45-0.90,p= 0.01) and a worse OS (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.14-1.61,p= 0.001).GPIrs7248411C>G was significantly associated with both a better chemotherapy response (aOR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.07-2.23,p= 0.02) and a better OS (aHR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.66-0.98,p= 0.03). When stratified by tumor histology,PFKLrs2073436C>G was significantly associated with OS only in squamous cell carcinoma, whereasGPIrs7248411C>G exhibited a significant association with the chemotherapy response and OS only in adenocarcinoma.Conclusion:This result suggests that thePFKLrs2073436C>G andGPIrs7248411C>G are useful for predicting the clinical outcome of first-line paclitaxel-cisplatin chemotherapy in NSCLC. Ha Choi, Sun; Jin, Cheng Cheng; Do, Sook Kyung; Lee, Shin Yup; Choi, Jin Eun; Kang, Hyo-Gyoung; Kim, Ji Hyun; Lee, Jang Hyuck; Hong, Mi Jeong; Lee, Won Kee; Jeong, Ji Yun; Shin, Kyung Min; Lee, Yong Hoon; Seo, Hyewon; Yoo, Seung Soo; Lee, Jaehee; Cha, Seung Ick; Kim, Chang Ho; Park, Jae Yong Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Daegu, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Lung Canc Ctr, Chilgok Hosp, 807 Hoguk Ro, Daegu 41404, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Cell Biol, Daegu, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, BK21 Plus KNU Biomed Convergence Program, Daegu, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Med, Cell & Matrix Res Inst, Daegu, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Med Res Collaborat Ctr, Kyungpook Natl Univ Hosp, Daegu, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Med, Daegu, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Daegu, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Daegu, South Korea Lee, Kyung-Soo/C-9016-2011; Lee, In-Kyu/AAR-6374-2021; Lee, Jaehee/S-1697-2018; Lee, Yoojin/AAB-9799-2022 57199723585; 57213981868; 56333658000; 49863712700; 37107028100; 8573181300; 57865598600; 57161223200; 55613917100; 22953484700; 57205472984; 7402410737; 57199022948; 55612130200; 56479781600; 13805476000; 35227126400; 7409873555; 58360293800 shinyup@knu.ac.kr;jaeyong@knu.ac.kr; ONCOLOGY ONCOLOGY-BASEL 0030-2414 1423-0232 98 7 SCIE ONCOLOGY 2020 2.935 77.5 0.27 2025-06-25 6 5 Chemotherapy response; Lung cancer; Polymorphism; Glycolysis; Survival GLUCOSE-METABOLISM; PHOSPHOFRUCTOKINASE; HALLMARKS; PATHWAY; GROWTH; HIF-1 Chemotherapy response; Glycolysis; Lung cancer; Polymorphism; Survival Adenocarcinoma; Aged; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cisplatin; Cytokines; Female; Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase; Glycolysis; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Paclitaxel; Phosphofructokinase-1, Liver Type; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Prognosis; Survival Rate; Treatment Outcome; cisplatin; paclitaxel; 6 phosphofructokinase isoenzyme L; antineoplastic agent; cisplatin; cytokine; glucose 6 phosphate isomerase; GPI protein, human; paclitaxel; aged; Article; clinical outcome; disease exacerbation; drug response; drug withdrawal; female; genetic association; genetic variability; glycolysis; human; major clinical study; male; multiple cycle treatment; non small cell lung cancer; overall survival; PFKL gene; priority journal; single nucleotide polymorphism; squamous cell carcinoma; tumor-related gene; adenocarcinoma; genetics; glycolysis; lung tumor; middle aged; mortality; non small cell lung cancer; prognosis; squamous cell carcinoma; survival rate; treatment outcome English 2020 2020-07 10.1159/000504175 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
Article Measurements of Endpoint Titers Based on the Fluorescence Intensity Trend in Anti-Nuclear Antibody Testing Background: Automated systems for antinuclear antibody (ANA) testing provide endpoint titers that are predicted based on the fluorescence intensity (FI) value at a screening dilution (single-well titration [SWT]) showing frequent titration errors (more than plus or minus 1 dilution). Methods: Line slope titration (LST) was based on the trend of FI values on dilutions. Three dilutions per specimen were prepared considering a patient's previous titer or FI at the screening dilution. On the XY plot, with the reciprocal of dilution as the X-axis and FI value as the Y-axis, a fitted line was drawn to obtain the endpoint titers. Results: The titration error rate (no. of errors/total no.) of LST using a regression line was lower than that of SWT (31/710 [4.4%] and 152/674 [22.6%], respectively; P < .000000001), with serial dilution as a reference. When comparing a regression line using 3 dilution points with a line using 2 dilution points, the error rate of the former was not significantly different from that of the latter (31/710 [4.4%] and 31/746 [4.2%], respectively; P = .842). Conclusions: This LST method is useful as an accurate, cost-effective, and rapid approach to measure endpoint titers in routine ANA testing. Won, Dong Il Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Med, Dept Clin Pathol, Daegu, South Korea 7005166517 wondi@knu.ac.kr; LABORATORY MEDICINE LAB MED 0007-5027 1943-7730 51 5 SCIE MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY 2020 1.525 77.6 0.16 2025-06-25 4 4 anti-nuclear antibody testing; endpoint titer; fluorescence intensity; serial dilution; automated system; systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease SYSTEMIC-LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; INDIRECT IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE; GUIDELINES Anti-nuclear antibody testing; Automated system; Endpoint titer; Fluorescence intensity; Serial dilution; Systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease Antibodies, Antinuclear; Blood Chemical Analysis; Humans; Regression Analysis; antinuclear antibody; antinuclear antibody; antibody titer; Article; comparative study; controlled study; cost effectiveness analysis; dilution; fluorescence intensity; human; human cell; measurement accuracy; measurement error; screening; titrimetry; blood; blood analysis; procedures; regression analysis English 2020 2020-09 10.1093/labmed/lmz087 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
Editorial Material Myeloperoxidase Deficiency Manifesting as Pseudoneutropenia with Low Mean Peroxidase Index and High Monocyte Count in 4 Adult Patients Myeloperoxidase (MPO) deficiency, one of the most common inherited phagocyte defects, and may exist as a transient phenomenon in combination with some clinical condition. Hematological analyzer ADVIA 2120i is used to identify the different types of leukocytes based on their size and staining properties, and by mean peroxidase index (MPXI). When MPO deficiency is present, neutrophils may be incorrectly counted as monocytes with lower MPXI values. We encountered a few cases of MPO deficiency with abnormally high monocytes counts resulting in pseudoneutropenia. These abnormal reports could lead to a mistaken diagnosis of severe neutropenia, which could result in unnecessary therapy. Manual differential count exhibited the normal differential count in every case. Every case yielded a markedly low MPXI value below -20. In conclusion, we suggest that MPO deficiency must be considered in patients especially when abnormally high monocyte counts combined with low MPXI values are observed. Roh, Soongki; Ham, Ji Yeon; Song, Kyung Eun; Hwang, Narae; Lee, Nan Young Kyungpook Natl Univ Hosp, Dept Lab Med, Daegu, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Med, Dept Clin Pathol, Daegu, South Korea lee, nan/HZM-0321-2023 57209411088; 56464754800; 57843936100; 57224639090; 57209204358 kesong@knu.ac.kr; LABORATORY MEDICINE LAB MED 0007-5027 1943-7730 51 2 SCIE MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY 2020 1.525 77.6 0.16 2025-06-25 1 3 myeloperoxidase; pseudoneutropenia; mean peroxidase index; ADVIA 2120i; monocytosis; hematology analyzer PREVALENCE ADVIA 2120i; hematology analyzer; mean peroxidase index; monocytosis; myeloperoxidase; pseudoneutropenia Adult; Diagnostic Errors; Female; Humans; Leukocyte Count; Male; Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Middle Aged; Monocytes; Neutropenia; Neutrophils; Peroxidase; myeloperoxidase; peroxidase; MPO protein, human; peroxidase; adult; Article; case report; clinical article; cytoplasm; female; human; leukocyte; male; middle aged; monocyte; monocyte count; myeloperoxidase deficiency; neutropenia; neutrophil count; protein deficiency; cytology; diagnostic error; inborn error of metabolism; leukocyte count; neutropenia; neutrophil; pathology English 2020 2020-03 10.1093/labmed/lmz060 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
Article The Physical, Optical, Photo and Radioluminescence Studies of Dy³⁺ Doped Zinc Barium Gadolinium Phosphate Glasses The Dy2O3 doped phosphate glasses of chemical composition 10ZnO center dot 10BaO center dot 10Gd(2)O(3) center dot 70P(2)O(5), 10ZnO center dot 10BaO center dot 10Gd(2)O(3) center dot 69P(2)O(5) center dot 1Dy(2)O(3) and 10ZnO center dot 10BaO center dot 10GdF(3) center dot 69P(2)O(5) center dot 1Dy(2)O(3) were prepared by melt quench technique. The prepared glass samples were characterized through physical and luminescence properties such as density, molar volume, refractive index, FTIR, UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectra, photoluminescence excitation and emissions, radio-luminescence and life time. The J-O theory were analyzed to calculate the radiative properties such as radiative transition probabilities (A(R)), stimulated emission cross section (sigma(R)) and branching ratio (beta(R)). Total nine characteristics absorption peaks belong to Dy3+ ion at the 347, 386, 454, 750, 800, 896, 1089 and1674 nm respectively corresponding to transition from ground state H-6(15/2) to excited state M-4(15/2)+I-4(15/2), F-4(7/2)+I-4(13/2), I-4(15/2), F-6(3/2), F-6(5/2), F-6(7/2), F-6(9/2) and H-6(11/2) are observed in absorption spectra in the 300-1900 nm region. The photoluminescence and radio-luminescence emission spectra of the present glasses were recorded and found in good agreement with one another. The CIE 1931 chromaticity color coordinates were evaluated and it is found that these coordinates positioned in the white region with (x, y) = (0.39, 0.44) values for both oxide and oxyfluoride glasses. The florescence decay time from F-4(9/2) level was measured by monitoring the intense F-4(9/2) -> H-6(13/2) (573 nm) transition. The decay time is found to be non-exponential so the non-exponential curve was well fitted to Inokuti-Hirayama (IH) model for S = 6. The results obtained in present work demonstrate that the present glasses could be a good choice for use in white light solid state lighting applications. Shoaib, M.; Rooh, G.; Chanthima, N.; Kim, H. J.; Rajaramakrishna, R.; Kothan, S.; Kaewkhao, J.; Siengsanoh, K. Abdul Wali Khan Univ, Dept Phys, Mardan 23200, Pakistan; Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat Univ, Ctr Excellence Glass Technol & Mat Sci CEGM, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand; Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat Univ, Fac Sci & Technol, Phys Program, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Daegu 702701, South Korea; Chiang Mai Univ, Fac Associated Med Sci, Ctr Radiat Res & Med Imaging, Dept Radiol Technol, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand ; Kim, Hong Joo/AAE-1178-2022; Chanthima, Natthakridta/HRC-8083-2023; Shoaib, Muhammad/AAJ-5985-2021; R, Rajaramakrishna/E-8110-2019; Rooh, Gul/AAF-2076-2019 57327255900; 24401665700; 35361597600; 59051568100; 49864195200; 6507017165; 23974520300; 57118246800 jakrapong@webmail.npru.ac.th;kittipongpat@webmail.npru.ac.th; GLASS PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY GLASS PHYS CHEM+ 1087-6596 1608-313X 46 6 SCIE MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS 2020 0.883 77.6 0.15 2025-06-25 5 5 luminescence; branching ratio; chromaticity; Inokuti-Hirayama model WHITE-LIGHT EMISSION; LUMINESCENCE PROPERTIES; ENERGY-TRANSFER; FLUOROBORATE GLASSES; IONS; LEAD; LITHIUM; GENERATION; BORATE; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE branching ratio; chromaticity; Inokuti–Hirayama model; luminescence Barium compounds; Dysprosium compounds; Electromagnetic wave absorption; Emission spectroscopy; Excited states; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Gadolinium compounds; Glass; Ground state; Lighting; Photoluminescence; Refractive index; Zinc compounds; Chemical compositions; Luminescence properties; Photo-luminescence excitation; Radiative properties; Radiative transition probabilities; Solid-state lighting application; Stimulated emission cross section; UV-Vis-NIR absorption; Phosphorus compounds English 2020 2020-11 10.1134/s1087659620060255 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
Article Effects of Dimethyl Sulfoxide on the Pluripotency and Differentiation Capacity of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) go through self-renewal in the existence of the cytokine leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). LIF is added to the mouse stem cells culture medium, and its removal results in fast differentiation. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is one of the most used solvents in drug test. We exposed 4-day mESC cultures to different concentrations of DMSO (0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0%) to identify the safest dose exhibiting efficacy as a solvent. mESCs grown under general pluripotency conditions in the absence of LIF were treated with DMSO. In addition, as a control for differentiation, mESCs were grown in the absence of LIF. DMSO upregulated the mRNA expression level of pluripotency markers. Moreover, DMSO reduced the mRNA expression levels of ectodermal marker (beta-tubulin3), mesodermal marker (Hand1), and endodermal markers (Foxa2 and Sox17) in mESCs. These results indicate that DMSO treatment enhances the pluripotency and disrupts the differentiation of mESCs. We also show that members of the Tet oncogene family are critical to inhibiting the differentiation and methylation of mESCs. DMSO is appropriate to sustain the pluripotency of mESCs in the absence of LIF, and that mESCs can be sustained in an undifferentiated state using DMSO. Therefore, DMSO may, in part, function as a substitute for LIF. Yi, Jun-Koo; Park, Song; Ha, Jae-Jung; Kim, Dae-Hyun; Huang, Hai; Park, Si-Jun; Lee, Mee-Hyun; Ryoo, Zae-Young; Kim, Sung-Hyun; Kim, Myoung-Ok Gyeongbuk Livestock Res Inst, Dept Embryo Transfer Res, Yeongju, South Korea; DGIST, Core Prot Resources Ctr, Daegu, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Life Sci & Biotechnol, Dept Life Sci & Biotechnol, Daegu, South Korea; Dongshin Univ, Coll Korean Med, Dept Biomed Sci, Naju, South Korea; Korea Polytech Univ, Dept Life Sci Anal, Nonsan, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Anim BT Sci, Dept Anim Sci & Biotechnol, Sangju, South Korea; China US Henan Hormel Canc Inst, Zhengzhou, Peoples R China Yi, Junkoo/JBR-8507-2023; RYOO, ZAEYOUNG/AAQ-1573-2020 56182537200; 57139047900; 55848402300; 57211228843; 57215021952; 54682212300; 58960253600; 16937104900; 57203773163; 8934745900 ok4325@knu.ac.kr; CELLULAR REPROGRAMMING CELL REPROGRAM 2152-4971 2152-4998 22 5 SCIE BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY;CELL & TISSUE ENGINEERING;GENETICS & HEREDITY 2020 1.987 78.1 0.44 2025-06-25 8 8 mESCs; DMSO; LIF; pluripotency markers IN-VITRO; DNA METHYLATION; SELF-RENEWAL; EXPRESSION; 5-HYDROXYMETHYLCYTOSINE; MODEL; DMSO; MAINTAINS; DYNAMICS; NETWORK DMSO; LIF; MESCs; Pluripotency markers Animals; Biomarkers; Cell Cycle; Cell Differentiation; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Dimethyl Sulfoxide; DNA Methylation; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Leukemia Inhibitory Factor; Mice; Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells; Pluripotent Stem Cells; beta tubulin; beta tubulin 3; dimethyl sulfoxide; hand1 protein; hepatocyte nuclear factor 3beta; leukemia inhibitory factor; protein; ten eleven translocation protein; transcription factor Sox17; unclassified drug; biological marker; dimethyl sulfoxide; leukemia inhibitory factor; animal cell; Article; cell cycle; cell differentiation; cell growth; cell structure; cell viability; controlled study; DNA methylation; ectoderm; embryo; endoderm; mesoderm; mouse; mouse embryonic stem cell; mRNA expression level; nonhuman; pluripotent stem cell; priority journal; stem cell culture; animal; cell culture; cell differentiation; cell survival; cytology; DNA methylation; drug effect; gene expression regulation; metabolism; mouse embryonic stem cell; pluripotent stem cell English 2020 2020-10-01 10.1089/cell.2020.0006 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
Article The role of openness in open collaboration: A focus on open-source software development projects Open-source software development projects are well suited for exploring new ideas and acquiring knowledge from developers outside of the project. In this paper, we examine the impact of external developers on innovation in open-source software development from the perspective of organizational learning theory. We examine the roles of external and internal developers, who "explore" and "exploit," respectively, on the innovation performance of 17 691 open-source software development projects whose data is stored in the GitHub platform. The results indicate that a multi-faceted strategy, in which the exploitation successfully supports the exploration, is most effective for their success. The results also indicate that the role of exploration decreases after the release of the software. Lee, Saerom; Baek, Hyunmi; Oh, Sehwan Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Business Adm, Daegu, South Korea; Korea Univ, Sch Media & Commun, Seoul, South Korea Oh, Sehwan/AAV-5689-2020; Baek, Hye/T-2076-2019 56023428700; 57543501600; 55879912900 lotus1225@korea.ac.kr; ETRI JOURNAL ETRI J 1225-6463 2233-7326 42 2 SCIE ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC;TELECOMMUNICATIONS 2020 1.347 78.2 0.16 2025-06-25 2 4 exploitation; exploration; innovation management; open-source software; software development EXPLORATION; EXPLOITATION; INNOVATION; SEARCH; IMPACT; BIOTECHNOLOGY; GOVERNANCE; EVOLUTION; OLD exploitation; exploration; innovation management; open-source software; software development Natural resources exploration; Open systems; Software design; Software engineering; exploitation; Innovation management; Innovation performance; Organizational learning; Open source software English 2020 2020-04 10.4218/etrij.2018-0536 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
Article Activation of the renin-angiotensin system in high fructose-induced metabolic syndrome High fructose intake induces hyperglycemia and hypertension. However, the mechanism by which fructose induces metabolic syndrome is largely unknown. We hypothesized that high fructose intake induces activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), resulting in hypertension and metabolic syndrome. We provided 11-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats with drinking water, with or without 20% fructose, for two weeks. We measured serum renin, angiotensin II (Ang II), and aldosterone (Aldo) using ELISA kits. The expression of RAS genes was determined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. High fructose intake increased body weight and water retention, regardless of food intake or urine volume. After two weeks, fructose intake induced glucose intolerance and hypertension. High fructose intake increased serum renin, Ang II, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels, but not Aldo levels. High fructose intake increased the expression of angiotensinogen in the liver; angiotensin-converting enzyme in the lungs; and renin, angiotensin II type la receptor (AT1aR), and angiotensin II type 1b receptor (AT1bR) in the kidneys. However, expression of AT1aR and AT1bR in the adrenal glands did not increase in rats given fructose. Taken together, these results indicate that high fructose intake induces activation of RAS, resulting in hypertension and metabolic syndrome. Kim, Mina; Do, Ga Young; Kim, Inkyeom Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Daegu 41944, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Med, Cardiovasc Res Inst, Daegu 41944, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biomed Sci, Daegu 41944, South Korea 57190982374; 57203901375; 7404144630 inkim@knu.ac.kr; KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY KOREAN J PHYSIOL PHA 1226-4512 2093-3827 24 4 SCIE PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY;PHYSIOLOGY 2020 2.016 78.4 0.96 2025-06-25 15 16 Fructose; Hypertension; Metabolic syndrome; Obesity; Renin-angiotensin system BLOOD-PRESSURE; II RECEPTOR; HYPERTENSION; GENE; OVEREXPRESSION; DYSFUNCTION; EXPRESSION; INSULIN; KIDNEY; MICE Fructose; Hypertension; Metabolic syndrome; Obesity; Renin-angiotensin system aldosterone; angiotensin 1A receptor; angiotensin 1B receptor; angiotensin 2 receptor; angiotensin II; collagen; drinking water; fructose; glucose; renin; water; aldosterone blood level; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; Article; body weight gain; comparative study; controlled study; elevated blood pressure; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; fluid intake; food intake; fructose intake; gene expression; glucose blood level; glucose intolerance; glucose tolerance; histopathology; hyperglycemia; immunohistochemistry; male; metabolic syndrome X; nonhuman; plasma renin activity; rat; real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; renin angiotensin aldosterone system; systolic blood pressure; urine volume English 2020 2020-07 10.4196/kjpp.2020.24.4.319 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
Article Analysis of temperature-dependent abnormal bursting patterns of neurons in Aplysia Temperature affects the firing pattern and electrical activity of neurons in animals, eliciting diverse responses depending on neuronal cell type. However, the mechanisms underlying such diverse responses are not well understood. In the present study, we performed in vitro recording of abdominal ganglia cells of Aplysia juliana, and analyzed their burst firing patterns. We identified atypical bursting patterns dependent on temperature that were totally different from classical bursting patterns observed in R15 neurons of A. juliana. We classified these abnormal bursting patterns into type 1 and type 2; type 1 abnormal single bursts are composed of two kinds of spikes with a long interspike interval (ISI) followed by short ISI regular firing, while type 2 abnormal single bursts are composed of complex multiplets. To investigate the mechanism underlying the temperature dependence of abnormal bursting, we employed simulations using a modified Plant model and determined that the temperature dependence of type 2 abnormal bursting is related to temperature-dependent scaling factors and activation or inactivation of potassium or sodium channels. Hyun, Nam Gyu; Hyun, Kwangho; Oh, Saecheol; Lee, Kyungmin Jeju Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Jeju 63243, South Korea; Jeju Eastern Hlth Ctr, Jeju 63357, South Korea; Catholic Univ Korea, Daejeon St Marys Hosp, Coll Med, Dept Anesthesiol & Pain Med, Daejeon 34943, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Med, Brain Sci & Engn Inst, Dept Anat,Lab Behav Neural Circuitry & Physiol, Daegu 41944, South Korea Lee, Kyungmin/ABC-5624-2020 8227314900; 54892754800; 26022510500; 57211016316 nhyun@jejunu.ac.kr;irislkm@knu.ac.kr; KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY KOREAN J PHYSIOL PHA 1226-4512 2093-3827 24 4 SCIE PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY;PHYSIOLOGY 2020 2.016 78.4 0.16 2025-06-25 3 2 Aplysia; Bursting; Electrical signals; Plant model; Temperature dependence NONSPECIFIC CATION CURRENT; MODEL; COMPLEX; SYNAPSE; SODIUM Aplysia; Bursting; Electrical signals; Plant model; Temperature dependence ion channel; abdominal ganglion; animal cell; animal tissue; Aplysia; Aplysia juliana; Article; calcium current; controlled study; firing rate; ganglion; high temperature; nerve cell; nonhuman; potassium current; sodium current; spike; temperature dependence English 2020 2020-07 10.4196/kjpp.2020.24.4.349 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
Review Autophagy in neutrophils Autophagy is a highly conserved intracellular degradation and energy-recycling mechanism that contributes to the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Extensive researches over the past decades have defined the role of autophagy innate immune cells. In this review, we describe the current state of knowledge regarding the role of autophagy in neutrophil biology and a picture of molecular mechanism underlying autophagy in neutrophils. Neutrophils are professional phagocytes that comprise the first line of defense against pathogen. Autophagy machineries are highly conserved in neutrophils. Autophagy is not only involved in generalized function of neutrophils such as differentiation in bone marrow but also plays crucial role effector functions of neutrophils such as granule formation, degranulation, neutrophil extracellular traps release, cytokine production, bactericidal activity and controlling inflammation. This review outlines the current understanding of autophagy in neutrophils and provides insight towards identification of novel therapeutics targeting autophagy in neutrophils. Shrestha, Sanjeeb; Lee, Jae Man; Hong, Chang-Won Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Daegu 41944, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Cell Biol, Daegu 41944, South Korea ; Lee, Jae/KFF-5361-2024 57059866700; 47461355200; 55567018400 jaemanlee@knu.ac.kr;cwhong@knu.ac.kr; KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY KOREAN J PHYSIOL PHA 1226-4512 2093-3827 24 1 SCIE PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY;PHYSIOLOGY 2020 2.016 78.4 0.47 2025-06-25 19 18 Autophagy; Bactericidal activity; Neutrophil; Neutrophil extracellular trap EXTRACELLULAR TRAP FORMATION; MOLECULAR-MECHANISM; SECRETORY VESICLES; CELL-DEATH; PHAGOCYTOSIS; INFLAMMATION; DYSFUNCTION; GRANULES; PROTEIN; INNATE Autophagy; Bactericidal activity; Neutrophil; Neutrophil extracellular trap autophagy; bactericidal activity; cell differentiation; degranulation; human; inflammation; neutrophil; neutrophil granule; nonhuman; Review English 2020 2020-01 10.4196/kjpp.2020.24.1.1 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
Article Impact of fast and slow transient charging effect on reliability instability in In0.7Ga0.3As quantum-well MOSFETs with high-κ dielectrics The impact of the fast and slow transient charge effect within defect sites of high-kappa dielectrics for Al2O3 and bi-layer Al2O3/HfO2 In0.7Ga0.3As quantum-well (QW) MOSFETs was investigated in this report. In particular, the initial rapid degradation of the drain current for bi-layer Al2O3/HfO2 In0.7Ga0.3As QW MOSFETs was due to the fast transient charging effect. The continued decrease of the drain current with pulse time was attributed to the slow transient charging effect, which is located near the interface oxide traps to respond to increased charging time. The degradation of drain current for bi-layer Al2O3/HfO2 In0.7Ga0.3As QW MOSFETs was much higher than that of the Al2O3 In0.7Ga0.3As QW MOSFET, which is associated with reliability instability of the HfO2 layer for In0.7Ga0.3As QW MOSFETs. The detailed reliability instability mechanism for bi-layer Al2O3/HfO2 In0.7Ga0.3As QW MOSFETs was analyzed based on the fast/slow transient charge effect and flicker (1/f) noise characteristics. Kwon, Hyuk-Min; Kim, Dae-Hyun; Kim, Tae-Woo Semicond Convergence Campus Korea Polytech Coll, Dept Semicond Proc Equipment, Anseong, Gyeonggi Do, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Daegu, South Korea; Univ Ulsan, Sch Elect Engn, 93 Daehak Ro, Ulsan, South Korea Kim, Yong/H-6157-2013; Kim, Junghwan/AAQ-9204-2021 55549386600; 57212363794; 57203495132 dae-hyun.kim@ee.knu.ac.kr;twkim78@ulsan.ac.kr; JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS JPN J APPL PHYS 0021-4922 1347-4065 59 11 SCIE PHYSICS, APPLIED 2020 1.48 78.4 0.35 2025-06-25 5 5 quantum-well; flicker noise; MOSFET; reliability HFO2; TRANSISTORS; AL2O3; NOISE Alumina; Aluminum oxide; Charging time; Hafnium oxides; MOSFET devices; Power quality; Reliability; Semiconductor alloys; Semiconductor quantum wells; Defect sites; Fast transient charging effects; Instability mechanisms; Interface oxide; Noise characteristic; Rapid degradation; Transient charges; Transient charging effect; Drain current English 2020 2020-11-01 10.35848/1347-4065/abbfe5 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
Article; Proceedings Paper Polycrystalline silicon metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor-based stacked multi-layer one-transistor dynamic random-access memory with double-gate structure for the embedded systems In this work, a polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) double-gate metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor-based stacked multi-layer (ML) one-transistor dynamic random-access memory for the embedded memory is proposed using technology computer-aided simulation. Although poly-Si has advantages of low-cost fabrication and implementation of three-dimensional structure, poly-Si devices suffer from low on-state current (I (on)) due to the low mobility and the scattering by the grain boundary (GB) trap. The stacked ML structure is proposed to improve low I on. As a result of simulation, the ML device obtained a high I-on of 87.92 mu A mu m(-1). Owing to the enhancement of I-on, the ML achieved a high SM of 30.44 mu A mu m(-1). A retention time (RT) of the proposed ML device in the simulation exhibited 2.94 ms even at a high temperature of 358 K. Moreover, the proposed ML device demonstrates superior reliability in terms of memory operations (RT >100 mu s) for randomly distributed GBs. (C) 2020 The Japan Society of Applied Physics. Jang, Won Douk; Yoon, Young Jun; Cho, Min Su; Jung, Jun Hyeok; Lee, Sang Ho; Jang, Jaewon; Bae, Jin-Hyuk; Kang, In Man Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Daegu 41556, South Korea; Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Brain Sci Inst, Ctr BioMicroSyst, Seoul 02792, South Korea Lee, Sang Ho/MCX-8396-2025 57211978212; 55517032200; 57188742288; 57199984260; 57416738400; 57194107504; 35326180700; 7203062678 imkang@ee.knu.ac.kr; JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS JPN J APPL PHYS 0021-4922 1347-4065 59 SCIE PHYSICS, APPLIED 2020 1.48 78.4 0.52 2025-06-25 5 6 THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; TECHNOLOGY; REDUCTION Dielectric devices; Dynamic random access storage; Electric breakdown; Embedded systems; Grain boundaries; High temperature operations; Metallic compounds; Metals; MOS devices; MOSFET devices; Oxide semiconductors; Polycrystalline materials; Polysilicon; Semiconducting silicon; Silicon compounds; Computer aided simulations; Double-gate structures; Dynamic random access memory; Low cost fabrication; Memory operations; Polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si); Randomly distributed; Three-dimensional structure; Transistors English 2020 2020-04-01 10.7567/1347-4065/ab65d2 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
Article A kaolinite/ TiO 2 /ZnO-based novel ternary composite for photocatalytic degradation of anionic azo dyes Solar-assisted photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants has emerged as efficient technology for the effective treatment of industrial wastewater. Here, we report a simple technique for the fabrication of a novel ternary photocatalyst from kaolinite (K), TiO 2 (T) and ZnO (Z). The most efficient catalyst was prepared at a calcination temperature of 600 ∘C. The fabricated ternary composite was characterized using different analytical techniques including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, field emission-scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The photocatalytic degradation was performed at room temperature (25 ∘C) using Remazol Red (RR), an anionic azo dye, as the model compound. A maximum of 98% degradation of RR was found with the ternary catalyst K 0.50T 0.45Z 0.05, which was prepared from 50% kaolinite (w/w), 45% TiO 2 (w/w) and 5% ZnO (w/w). The catalyst was found to be suitable for long-term repeated applications. Mechanistic investigation through radical trapping experiments confirmed hydroxyl radicals as the potential contributor to the photocatalytic degradation of RR. It is highly expected that a novel photocatalyst design such as this will pave way towards further development of materials capable of hazardous dye removal from industrial effluents. © 2019, Indian Academy of Sciences. Hasan, A K M Maksudul; Dey, Shaikat Chandra; Rahman, Muhammad Mominur; Zakaria, Abdullah Muhammad; Sarker, Mithun; Ashaduzzaman, Md; Shamsuddin, Sayed Md Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh; Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh; Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, 24061, VA, United States; Département de médecine Nucléaire et Radiobiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, J1H 5N4, Canada; Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh, Department of Chemistry and Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea; Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh; Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh 59050926800; 57212406719; 57200629187; 57221043806; 57192257396; 57773434900; 36917093700 sdin@du.ac.bd; Bulletin of Materials Science B MATER SCI 0250-4707 0973-7669 43 1 SCIE MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY 2020 1.783 78.6 0.81 2025-06-25 20 calcination; kaolinite; photocatalyst; Remazol Red; Solar-assisted Azo dyes; Calcination; Catalysts; Effluents; Electron emission; Energy dispersive spectroscopy; Field emission microscopes; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; II-VI semiconductors; Industrial water treatment; Kaolinite; Organic pollutants; Photocatalysts; Sewage; Thermogravimetric analysis; Titanium dioxide; Wastewater treatment; Zinc oxide; Calcination temperature; Energy dispersive X ray spectroscopy; Field emission scanning electron microscopy; Industrial wastewaters; Photo catalytic degradation; Remazol; Repeated application; Solar assisted; Scanning electron microscopy English Final 2020 10.1007/s12034-019-1964-4 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
Article A Note on Local Weakly SG-Hereditary Domains A ring R is called weakly SG-hereditary if every ideal of R is SG-projective. In this note, we prove that a local domain R is a Noetherian Warfield domain if and only if it is weakly SG-hereditary. Furthermore, we prove that any countably generated submodule of any free module over a Noetherian local Warfield domain is SG-projective. Hu, Kui; Lim, Jung Wook; Zhou, De Chuan Southwest Univ Sci & Technol, Coll Sci, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, Peoples R China; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Math, Daegu 41566, South Korea 55557444100; 35766755400; 56739669900 hukui2130418@163.com;jwlim@Imu.ac.kr;dechuan11119@sina.com;hukui200418@163.com; BULLETIN OF THE IRANIAN MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY B IRAN MATH SOC 1017-060X 1735-8515 46 4 SCIE MATHEMATICS 2020 0.644 78.6 0.46 2025-06-25 2 2 Noetherian local Warfield domains; SG-Dedekind domains; Weakly SG-hereditary rings Noetherian local Warfield domains; SG-Dedekind domains; Weakly SG-hereditary rings English 2020 2020-08 10.1007/s41980-019-00311-6 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
Article Synthesis and characterization of Dy-doped Lu1Gd2Ga2Al3O12 phosphor for LEDs The synthesis and characterization of Dy-doped Lu1Gd2Ga2Al3O12 are reported in this article. Solid-state reaction method is used to synthesize the material. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy characterization techniques are used to study the phase and structure of the synthesized material. Luminescence, which is the main property of the phosphor material, is characterized by UV- and X-ray-induced luminescence spectroscopy. Lu1Gd2Ga2Al3O12:Dy3+ phosphor shows its highest emission spectra in blue and yellow regions. A combination of yellow and blue gives us white light, displayed by chromaticity diagram for this phosphor. Hence, this phosphor may be used in white-light-emitting diodes. The absorption spectra of our material match well with spectral curve of LEDs. Therefore, it may be used in LEDs applications. Fawad, U.; Gul, Ibrahim; Kim, H. J.; Muhammad, Wazir; Khan, Matiullah Kohat Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Kohat 26000, Pakistan; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Daegu 702701, South Korea; Yale Univ, Yale Sch Med, Dept Therapeut Radiol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA MUHAMMAD, WAZIR/ADC-5195-2022 55285753000; 57214092198; 59051568100; 59903028300; 57184606100 fawad@kust.edu.pk; BULLETIN OF MATERIALS SCIENCE B MATER SCI 0250-4707 0973-7669 43 1 SCIE MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY 2020 1.783 78.6 0.25 2025-06-25 8 7 Luminescence; phosphor; LED; emission; X-rays LUMINESCENCE; ALUMINUM; TB3+; CE emission; LED; Luminescence; phosphor; X-rays Aluminum compounds; Emission spectroscopy; Gadolinium compounds; Gallium compounds; Light; Light emitting diodes; Luminescence; Lutetium compounds; Neutron emission; Phosphors; Scanning electron microscopy; Solid state reactions; X rays; Characterization techniques; Chromaticity diagram; Luminescence spectroscopy; Phosphor materials; Solid state reaction method; Synthesis and characterizations; Synthesized materials; White light emitting diodes; Dysprosium compounds English 2020 2020-01-24 10.1007/s12034-019-2013-z 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
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Abstract 논문의 초록(요약)입니다. 연구의 목적, 방법, 결과, 결론을 간략히 요약한 내용입니다.
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ISSN International Standard Serial Number. 국제표준연속간행물번호로, 인쇄본 저널에 부여되는 고유 식별번호입니다.
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FWCI Field-Weighted Citation Impact. 분야별 가중 인용 영향력 지수입니다. 논문이 받은 인용을 동일 분야, 동일 연도, 동일 문헌 유형의 평균과 비교한 값입니다. 1.0이 평균이며, 1.0보다 높으면 평균 이상의 인용을 받았음을 의미합니다.
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Keywords (SCOPUS) 저자가 논문에서 직접 지정한 키워드입니다. SCOPUS에 등록된 저자 키워드 목록입니다.
KeywordsPlus (SCOPUS) SCOPUS에서 자동으로 추출하거나 추가한 색인 키워드입니다.
Language 논문이 작성된 언어입니다. 대부분 English이며, 그 외 다양한 언어로 작성된 논문이 포함될 수 있습니다.
Publication Year 논문이 출판된 연도입니다.
Publication Date 논문의 정확한 출판 날짜입니다 (년-월-일 형식).
DOI Digital Object Identifier. 디지털 객체 식별자로, 논문을 고유하게 식별하는 영구적인 식별번호입니다. 이를 통해 논문의 온라인 위치를 찾을 수 있습니다.