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WoS SCOPUS Document Type Document Title Abstract Authors Affiliation ResearcherID (WoS) AuthorsID (SCOPUS) Author Email(s) Journal Name JCR Abbreviation ISSN eISSN Volume Issue WoS Edition WoS Category JCR Year IF JCR (%) FWCI FWCI Update Date WoS Citation SCOPUS Citation Keywords (WoS) KeywordsPlus (WoS) Keywords (SCOPUS) KeywordsPlus (SCOPUS) Language Publication Stage Publication Year Publication Date DOI JCR Link DOI Link WOS Link SCOPUS Link
Article Revisiting the diagnostic performance of exosomes: harnessing the feasibility of combinatorial exosomal miRNA profiles for colorectal cancer diagnosis The challenges associated with liquid biopsy of colorectal cancer (CRC) are closely linked to the substantial variations observed in gene expression profiles among patients. This variability complicates the selection of an ideal biomarker for accurate diagnosis. In this report, we propose that employing a combination of miRNAs offers a better change for enhancing the accuracy of CRC diagnosis compared to solely relying on single miRNAs. As an illustrative example, we measured 9 miRNAs from 45 patient samples (comprising 31 CRC cases and 14 healthy controls) via RT-qPCR. We then utilized two methods: (1) LASSO regression for marker ranking and (2) linear discriminant analysis (LDA) to identify the optimal weighted combination of multiple markers. Our data indicates that combination of triple markers, selected based on their ranking, exhibited the highest diagnostic performance, including a sensitivity of 93.6% (95% confidence interval, CI 79.3-98.9%), specificity of 100% (CI 78.5-100.0%), positive predictive value (PPV) of 100%, negative predictive value (NPV) of 87.5%, and an overall accuracy of 95.6%. In contrast, the diagnostic performance of each individual miRNA used in the triple marker combination ranged from 53.3 to 80.0% in accuracy. While we acknowledge the need for further extensive studies involving larger patient cohorts and the consideration of additional miRNA candidates, our research undeniably highlights the potential of combining multiple markers as a robust methodology for identifying biomarkers among heterogeneous patient profiles. Park, Jin Sung; Choi, Jin Ah; Hyun, Da Han; Byeon, Chorok; Kwak, Sang Gyu; Park, Jun Seok; Hong, Seonki Kyungpook Natl Univ, Chilgok Hosp, Sch Med, Colorectal Canc Ctr, Daegu, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ Hosp, Biomed Res Inst, Daegu, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Daegu, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biomed Sci, Daegu, South Korea; DGIST, Dept Phys & Chem, Daegu, South Korea; Daegu Catholic Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med Stat, Daegu, South Korea Park, Joonhong/AAZ-9885-2020; Park, Jinkyeong/GLV-1649-2022 44061744500; 57202677426; 58089142700; 58964313700; 56645812600; 35226761100; 37461264400 parkjs0802@knu.ac.kr;seonkihong@dgist.ac.kr; DISCOVER ONCOLOGY DISCOV ONCOL 2730-6011 15 1 SCIE ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM;ONCOLOGY 2024 2.9 46.8 0 2025-05-07 2 1 Molecular diagnosis; Exosomal miRNAs; Colorectal cancer; Linear discriminant analysis BIOMARKERS; PANEL Colorectal cancer; Exosomal miRNAs; Linear discriminant analysis; Molecular diagnosis microRNA; miR-23a; miR-486; unclassified drug; adult; area under the curve; Article; cancer diagnosis; cancer staging; cancer therapy; cellular component; colorectal cancer; confidence interval; controlled study; diagnostic test accuracy study; discriminant analysis; epithelial mesenchymal transition; exosome; female; gene expression; gene expression profiling; GO analysis; histology; human; human cell; Kruskal Wallis test; least absolute shrinkage and selection operator; liquid biopsy; logistic regression analysis; male; middle aged; molecular diagnosis; molecular function; nanoparticle tracking analysis; overall accuracy; plasma; predictive value; quality of life; rank sum test; real time polymerase chain reaction; receiver operating characteristic; reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; RNA extraction; ROC curve analysis; sensitivity and specificity; target gene prediction English 2024 2024-10-30 10.1007/s12672-024-01481-4 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
Article Synthesis, crystal growth, and its characterization of 2-amino-4-methylpyridinium oxalate The 2-amino 4-methyl pyridinium oxalate (2A4MPO) compound was synthesized using methanol and water as a solvent in an equimolar ratio (1:1) by the slow evaporation solution growth method. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis for the grown crystal sample has been carried out to unfold the structural information. It reveals that the grown crystal belongs to the monoclinic crystal system with a space group of P21/n. The obtained unit cell parameters are; a = 7.1853 (7) angstrom, b = 9.5314 (9) angstrom, c = 11.0896 (11) angstrom, alpha = 90 degrees, beta = 105.665 (3)degrees, gamma = 90 degrees and V = 731.27 (12) angstrom 3. The various (hkl) planes of 2A4MPO single crystal have been identified by the Powder X-ray diffraction measurement. The high-resolution XRD result shows the structural perfection of the grown crystal is quite good. The various functional groups associated with the synthesized compound have been investigated through FTIR spectroscopy measurements. The thermal stability of the grown crystal was studied by using thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements. The electrical properties have been investigated by the dielectric measurement with frequency ranges from 1 KHz to 5 MHz region. The third-order nonlinear optical properties were analyzed by the Z-scan measurements using a He-Ne laser 632.8 nm. The foregoing results suggest that the title compound can be considered for third-order NLO applications. Daniel, D. Joseph; Karuppasamy, P.; Kim, H. J. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar Coll Engn, SSN Res Ctr, Dept Phys, Kalavakkam 603110, Tamil Nadu, India Kim, Hong Joo/AAE-1178-2022; Pichan, Karuppasamy/N-5474-2017 55235066800; 59776132300; 59051568100 hongjoo@knu.ac.kr; JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH J CRYST GROWTH 0022-0248 1873-5002 626 SCIE CRYSTALLOGRAPHY;MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;PHYSICS, APPLIED 2024 2 46.8 0 2025-05-07 0 0 A1. Organic crystal; A2. Crystal Structure; A2. Growth from solutions; B1. Spectral characterization QUALITY; DESIGN A1. Organic crystal; A2. Crystal Structure; A2. Growth from solutions; B1. Spectral characterization Crystal structure; Differential scanning calorimetry; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Nonlinear optics; Optical properties; Organic solvents; Oxalic acid; Single crystals; Spectrum analyzers; Thermodynamic stability; Thermogravimetric analysis; X ray powder diffraction; A1.; A2.; B1.; Crystals structures; Grown crystals; Growth from solution; Organic crystal; Pyridinium; Spectral characterization; Crystal growth English 2024 2024-01-15 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2023.127483 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
Article AUTOSAR-Compatible Level-4 Virtual ECU for the Verification of the Target Binary for Cloud-Native Development The rapid evolution of automotive software necessitates efficient and accurate development and verification processes. This study proposes a virtual electronic control unit (vECU) that allows for precise software testing without the need for hardware, thereby reducing developmental costs and enabling cloud-native development. The software was configured and built on a Hyundai Autoever AUTomotive Open System Architecture (AUTOSAR) classic platform, Mobilgene, and Renode was used for high-fidelity emulations. Custom peripherals in C# were implemented for the FlexTimer, system clock generator, and analog-to-digital converter to ensure the proper functionality of the vECU. Renode's GNU debugger server function facilitates detailed software debugging in a cloud environment, further accelerating the developmental cycle. Additionally, automated testing was implemented using a vECU tester to enable the verification of the vECU. Performance evaluations demonstrated that the vECU's execution order and timing of tasks and runnable entities closely matched those of the actual ECU. The vECU tester also enabled fast and accurate verification. These findings confirm the potential of the AUTOSAR-compatible Level-4 vECU to replace hardware in development processes. Future efforts will focus on extending capabilities to emulate a broader range of hardware components and complex system integration scenarios, supporting more diverse research and development efforts. Kim, Hyeongrae; Kwak, Junho; Cho, Jeonghun Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea 57203064517; 57205506637; 7403536198 hrsin95@knu.ac.kr;junho7513@knu.ac.kr;jcho@knu.ac.kr; ELECTRONICS ELECTRONICS-SWITZ 2079-9292 13 18 SCIE ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC;PHYSICS, APPLIED;COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2024 2.6 46.9 0.35 2025-05-07 1 1 virtual electronic control unit (vECU); AUTOSAR; Renode; virtual hardware-in-the-loop (vHiL); cloud-native development AUTOSAR; cloud-native development; Renode; virtual electronic control unit (vECU); virtual hardware-in-the-loop (vHiL) English 2024 2024-09 10.3390/electronics13183704 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
Article Comparative Proteomics of ccRCC Cell Lines to Identify Kidney Cancer Progression Factors Background/Aim: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer, accounting for approximately 75% of kidney cancers. The objective of this study was to identify novel progression markers for ccRCC based on proteomics, with the goal of stage determination and early diagnosis of kidney cancer patients. Materials and Methods: We performed quantitative global proteomics coupled with Stable Isotope Labeling by Amino Acids in Cell Culture (SILAC) and high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry on kidney-derived cells, including HEK-293, 786-O (primary ccRCC), and Caki-1 (metastatic ccRCC) cells, to investigate the novel progression factors of ccRCC. Results: In this study, a total of 1,106 proteins were quantified. The Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were conducted for differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) that were increased Park, Juhee; Sim, Hyunchae; Lee, Eun Hye; Kim, Bum Soo; Chung, Jae-Wook; Ha, Yun-Sok; Kwon, Tae Gyun; Lee, Sangkyu; Lee, Jun Nyung Kyungpook Natl Univ, Coll Pharm, Daegu, South Korea; Sungkyunkwan Univ, Sch Pharm, Suwon 16419, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Joint Inst Regenerat Med, Daegu, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Med, Dept Urol, 807 Hoguk Ro, Daegu 41404, South Korea Lee, Yun-Soo/AAA-7364-2022; Kim, Soo-Yeon/ADR-9663-2022 58671752700; 57219098739; 57189661699; 59400307800; 35204798500; 35487226400; 15073765400; 57209046767; 16301364600 sangkyu@skku.edu;ljnlover@gmail.com; CANCER GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS CANCER GENOM PROTEOM 1109-6535 1790-6245 21 6 SCIE GENETICS & HEREDITY;ONCOLOGY 2024 2.6 46.9 0 2025-05-07 0 0 Clear cell renal carcinoma; comparative proteomics; Stable Isotope Labeling by Amino Acids in Cell Culture (SILAC); vimentin CLINICAL-TRIAL; CARCINOMA; VIMENTIN; STATISTICS; IMPROVE; MODEL; STAGE Clear cell renal carcinoma; comparative proteomics; Stable Isotope Labeling by Amino Acids in Cell Culture (SILAC); vimentin Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Renal Cell; Cell Line, Tumor; Disease Progression; HEK293 Cells; Humans; Kidney Neoplasms; Proteomics; Vimentin; proteasome; vimentin; tumor marker; vimentin; 786-O cell line; Article; Caki-1 cell line; cancer growth; cancer patient; clear cell renal cell carcinoma; clinical article; comparative proteomics; correlation analysis; gene ontology; HEK293 cell line; hierarchical clustering; human; human cell; immunoblotting; immunohistochemistry; KEGG; mass spectrometry; pathway enrichment analysis; phagosome; renal cell carcinoma cell line; renal clear cell carcinoma cell line; SILAC labeling; tandem mass spectrometry; TNF signaling; treatment failure; comparative study; disease exacerbation; genetics; kidney tumor; metabolism; pathology; procedures; proteomics; renal cell carcinoma; tumor cell line English 2024 2024 (NOV-DEC) 10.21873/cgp.20480 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
Article DEFT: A Dynamic Environmental Filtering and Thresholding Algorithm for Adaptive Headlamp Control Using Ride Height Sensors DEFT (Dynamic Environmental Filtering and Thresholding) algorithm is proposed to optimize vehicle height control and improve the performance of Adaptive Headlamp Systems. The DEFT algorithm is designed to enhance the reliability and stability of headlamp control systems by dynamically adapting to various driving conditions and environmental changes in real time. To detect and stabilize irregular fluctuations in vehicle height due to load variations, this study integratesreal-time data acquisition based on Hall sensors, dynamic boundary setting using linear interpolation, and signal stabilization by applying Kalman and Median filters with hysteresis. These components work together to suppress control signal instability caused by noise and abnormal signals, thereby reinforcing the reliability and consistency of vehicle height control. In particular, the hysteresis function reduces unnecessary signal fluctuations near threshold values, which not only extends the control system's lifespan but also ensures stable operation. Experimental results demonstrate that the DEFT algorithm overcomes the limitations of conventional variable-resistance sensors and significantly enhances adaptive headlamp control performance under various driving conditions. This study presents a high-reliability solution for real-time vehicle height adjustment within ADASs (Advanced Driver Assistance Systems) and demonstrates the potential for application in diverse vehicle control systems. Jung, Minwoo; Kim, Dae-Young Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr Selforganizing Software, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Soonchunhyang Univ, Dept Comp Software Engn, Asan 31538, South Korea 55517112600; 58378650900 jungminwoo80@knu.ac.kr;dyoung.kim@sch.ac.kr; ELECTRONICS ELECTRONICS-SWITZ 2079-9292 13 23 SCIE ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC;PHYSICS, APPLIED;COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2024 2.6 46.9 0 2025-05-07 0 0 DEFT algorithm; adaptive boundary setting; vehicle height control; Adaptive Headlamp System; ADAS adaptive boundary setting; Adaptive Headlamp System; ADAS; DEFT algorithm; vehicle height control English 2024 2024-12 10.3390/electronics13234788 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
Article Design of Secure and Efficient Authentication Protocol for Edge Computing-Based Augmented Reality Environments Augmented reality (AR) is a virtual technology that integrates virtual information and objects into real environments, offering unprecedented possibilities in such fields such as architecture, education, and healthcare. Real-time communication and security protocols are critical to the successful deployment of AR applications to ensure user immersion, prevent motion sickness, and address security problems. This paper proposes a secure user-to-user (U2U) and user-to-infrastructure (U2I) authentication protocol suitable for edge computing-based AR environments. We also employ extended Chebyshev chaotic maps and physical unclonable functions to ensure security and efficiency during the authentication process. The proposed protocol initiates session keys after U2I authentication when an AR user enters the edge node area, facilitating secure U2U authentication for sharing data with nearby users. We conduct comprehensive studies of the security robustness of the proposed protocol using formal and informal analyses, including "Burrows-Abadi-Needham logic", "Real-Or-Random model", the "Scyther tool" and informal security analyses. Furthermore, we measure the performance of cryptographic primitives using the "Multiprecision Integer and Rational Arithmetic Cryptographic Library" Cryptographic SDK. We perform a comparative analysis of security features and functionality, and we conduct a computational and communication cost analysis. The results reveal that the proposed protocol can provide security and efficiency for edge computing-based AR environments, presenting the methods for seamless and secure real-time AR data exchanges for U2I and U2U communications. Kwon, Deokkyu; Park, Youngho Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea 57221739597; 56962990300 kdk145@knu.ac.kr;parkyh@knu.ac.kr; ELECTRONICS ELECTRONICS-SWITZ 2079-9292 13 3 SCIE ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC;PHYSICS, APPLIED;COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2024 2.6 46.9 0.35 2025-05-07 1 1 augmented reality; authentication; Chebyshev chaotic maps; edge computing; security analysis KEY EXCHANGE augmented reality; authentication; Chebyshev chaotic maps; edge computing; security analysis English 2024 2024-02 10.3390/electronics13030551 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
Article Fast and Accurate Short-Term Load Forecasting with a Hybrid Model Short-term electric load forecasting (STLF) plays a pivotal role in modern power system management, bolstering forecasting accuracy and efficiency. This enhancement assists power utilities in formulating robust operational strategies, consequently fostering economic and social advantages within the systems. Existing methods employed for STLF either exhibit poor forecasting performance or require longer computational time. To address these challenges, this paper introduces a hybrid learning approach comprising variational mode decomposition (VMD) and random vector functional link network (RVFL). The RVFL network, serving as a universal approximator, showcases remarkable accuracy and fast computation, owing to the randomly generated weights connecting input and hidden layers. Additionally, the direct links between hidden and output layers, combined with the availability of a closed-form solution for parameter computation, further contribute to its efficiency. The effectiveness of the proposed VMD-RVFL was assessed using electric load datasets obtained from the Australian Energy Market Operator (AEMO). Moreover, the effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by comparing it with existing benchmark forecasting methods using two performance indices such as root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). As a result, our proposed method requires less computational time and yielded accurate and robust prediction performance when compared with existing methods. Shin, Sang Mun; Rasheed, Asad; Kil-Heum, Park; Veluvolu, Kalyana C. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea Veluvolu, Kalyana/C-6366-2011; Veluvolu, Kalyana Chakravarthy/C-6366-2011 58957394000; 57225336324; 58956919300; 8703318200 veluvolu@ee.knu.ac.kr; ELECTRONICS ELECTRONICS-SWITZ 2079-9292 13 6 SCIE ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC;PHYSICS, APPLIED;COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2024 2.6 46.9 1.41 2025-05-07 4 4 time series forecasting; electric load forecasting; neural networks; variational mode decomposition; random vector functional link network DECOMPOSITION; CLASSIFICATION; NETWORKS electric load forecasting; neural networks; random vector functional link network; time series forecasting; variational mode decomposition English 2024 2024-03 10.3390/electronics13061079 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
Article Finding All Solutions with Grover's Algorithm by Integrating Estimation and Discovery Grover's algorithm leverages quantum computing to efficiently locate solutions in unstructured search spaces, outperforming classical approaches. Since Grover's algorithm requires prior knowledge of the number of solutions (M) within a search space of size N, previous studies assume M is estimated beforehand and focus on identifying all solutions. Here, we propose a two-step process that integrates both the estimation of M and the discovery of the solutions, optimizing the interactions between the two steps. To enhance efficiency, the estimation step captures as many solutions as possible, leaving the discovery step to focus on the remaining ones. To ensure accuracy, the discovery step continues searching until the probability of finding additional solutions becomes sufficiently low. We implemented and evaluated our methods, showing that over 80% of solutions were found during the estimation phase, allowing the discovery phase to conclude earlier, while identifying over 99% of solutions on average. In theory, the process requires NM x log(M) Grover's iterations in the worst case, but in practice, it typically terminates after iterations proportional to N. We expect that our methods will be applicable to various search problems and inspire further research on efficiently finding all solutions. Lee, Sihyung; Nam, Seung Yeob Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Comp Sci & Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Yeungnam Univ, Dept Informat & Commun Engn, Gyongsan 38541, South Korea ; Nam, Seung/Q-7486-2019 15623380100; 7402276352 sihyunglee@knu.ac.kr;synam@ynu.ac.kr; ELECTRONICS ELECTRONICS-SWITZ 2079-9292 13 23 SCIE ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC;PHYSICS, APPLIED;COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2024 2.6 46.9 0 2025-05-07 0 0 Grover's algorithm; quantum algorithm; quantum computing; quantum counting; search algorithm Grover’s algorithm; quantum algorithm; quantum computing; quantum counting; search algorithm English 2024 2024-12 10.3390/electronics13234830 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
Article Investigation of a Robust Blind Deconvolution Algorithm Using Extracted Structures in Light Microscopy Images of Salivary Glands: A Pilot Study Although light microscopy (LM) images are widely used to observe various bodily tissues, including salivary glands, reaching a satisfactory spatial resolution in the final images remains a major challenge. The objective of this study was to model a robust blind deconvolution algorithm using the extracted structure and analyze its applicability to LM images. Given LM images of the salivary glands, the proposed robust blind deconvolution method performs non-blind deconvolution after estimating the structural map and kernel of each image. To demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed algorithm for LM images, the perceptual sharpness index (PSI), Blanchet's sharpness index (BSI), and natural image quality evaluator (NIQE) were used as evaluation metrics. We demonstrated that when the proposed algorithm was applied to salivary gland LM images, the PSI and BSI were improved by 7.95% and 7.44%, respectively, compared with those of the conventional TV-based algorithm. When the proposed algorithm was applied to an LM image, we confirmed that the NIQE value was similar to that of a low-resolution image. In conclusion, the proposed robust blind deconvolution algorithm is highly applicable to salivary gland LM images, and we expect that further applications will become possible. Kim, Kyuseok; Kim, Jae-Young; Kim, Ji-Youn Eulji Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Seongnam Si 13135, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Dent, Dept Biochem, IHBR, Daegu 41940, South Korea; Gachon Univ, Dept Dent Hyg, Incheon 21936, South Korea Kim, Ji-Youn/A-5779-2017 57199439934; 56812734700; 57157491000 kskim502@eulji.ac.kr;jykim91@knu.ac.kr;hoho6434@gachon.ac.kr; ELECTRONICS ELECTRONICS-SWITZ 2079-9292 13 24 SCIE ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC;PHYSICS, APPLIED;COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2024 2.6 46.9 0 2025-05-07 0 0 light microscopic image; robust blind deconvolution algorithm; blur kernel estimation; relative total variation; quantitative evaluation of image quality ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE; EDGE METHOD; REGULARIZATION; VISUALIZATION blur kernel estimation; light microscopic image; quantitative evaluation of image quality; relative total variation; robust blind deconvolution algorithm English 2024 2024-12 10.3390/electronics13244940 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
Article On the Security of a Secure and Computationally Efficient Authentication and Key Agreement Scheme for Internet of Vehicles In the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) environments, vehicles and roadside units (RSUs) communicate predominantly through public channels. These vehicles and RSUs exchange various data, such as traffic density, location, speed, etc. Therefore, secure and efficient authentication and key establishment (AKE) are needed to guarantee user privacy when exchanging data between vehicles and RSUs. Recently, a secure and computationally AKE scheme have been proposed to construct secure IoV environments. In their research, the authors asserted that their AKE scheme provides comprehensive security properties, protecting against various potential threats while simultaneously ensuring session key integrity, robust mutual authentication. This paper proved that the previous scheme does not prevent various attacks using logical and mathematical analyses. Moreover, we demonstrated that this scheme does not meet the essential security requirements and correctness of security assumptions. We perform the simulation proof using AVISPA, which is well known as a formal verification tool. To enhance the resilience of attacks, we propose solutions aimed at developing more robust and efficient AKE for IoV environments. Park, Kisung; Kim, Myeonghyun; Park, Youngho Gachon Univ, Dept Comp Engn Smart Secur, Seongnam 13120, South Korea; Elect & Telecommun Res Inst, Syst Secur Res Sect, Daejeon 34129, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea Park, Kisung/KIG-3849-2024 57194833768; 57210278739; 56962990300 kisung@gachon.ac.kr;kimmh12@etri.re.kr;parkyh@knu.ac.kr; ELECTRONICS ELECTRONICS-SWITZ 2079-9292 13 16 SCIE ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC;PHYSICS, APPLIED;COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2024 2.6 46.9 0 2025-05-07 1 1 authentication; Internet of Vehicles (IoV); session key security; security flaws PROTOCOL authentication; Internet of Vehicles (IoV); security flaws; session key security English 2024 2024-08 10.3390/electronics13163136 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
Article Provably Quantum Secure Three-Party Mutual Authentication and Key Exchange Protocol Based on Modular Learning with Error With the rapid development of quantum computers, post-quantum cryptography (PQC) has become critical technology in the security field. PQC includes cryptographic techniques that are secure against quantum-computer-based attacks, utilizing methods such as code-based, isogeny-based, and lattice-based approaches. Among these, lattice-based cryptography is the most extensively studied due to its ease of implementation and efficiency. As quantum computing advances, the need for secure communication protocols that can withstand quantum computer-based threats becomes increasingly important. Traditional two-party AKE protocols have a significant limitation: the security of the entire system can be compromised if either of the communicating parties behaves maliciously. To overcome this limitation, researchers have proposed three-party AKE protocols, where a third party acts as an arbiter or verifier. However, we found that a recently proposed three-party AKE protocol is vulnerable to quantum-computer-based attacks. To address this issue, we propose a provably quantum secure three-party AKE protocol based on MLWE. The proposed scheme leverages the user's biometric information and the server's master key to prevent the exposure of critical parameters. We analyzed the security of the protocol using simulation tools such as the Burrows-Abadi-Needham (BAN) logic, Real-or-Random (RoR) model, and Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications (AVISPA). Furthermore, comparative analysis with similar protocols demonstrates that our protocol is efficient and suitable. Park, Hyewon; Son, Seunghwan; Park, Youngho; Park, Yohan Keimyung Univ, Sch Comp Engn, Daegu 42601, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea 59370367800; 57221744477; 56962990300; 55660095600 wldnjsfuf@stu.kmu.ac.kr;sonshawn@knu.ac.kr;parkyh@knu.ac.kr;yhpark@kmu.ac.kr; ELECTRONICS ELECTRONICS-SWITZ 2079-9292 13 19 SCIE ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC;PHYSICS, APPLIED;COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2024 2.6 46.9 0.35 2025-05-07 2 1 post-quantum cryptography; learning with error (LWE); modular-LWE (MLWE); three-party authentication AGREEMENT PROTOCOL learning with error (LWE); modular-LWE (MLWE); post-quantum cryptography; three-party authentication English 2024 2024-10 10.3390/electronics13193930 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
Article Robust Embedded PID Control Software Execution Based on Automatic Malfunction Profile Feedback As the information technology (IT) industry advances, embedded systems are being applied in various industrial sectors. With the expansion of application areas, there is a growing demand for high-precision, high-specification embedded systems, leading to the increased complexity of embedded software. Consequently, software errors can cause system malfunctions, resulting in accidents such as airplane crashes and the sudden acceleration of cars, leading to significant loss of life and property damage. Therefore, measures to ensure the safety and stability of increasing embedded systems malfunctions are necessary. This paper proposes a system that monitors the operation of target embedded systems in real-time and compares the extracted normal operation current/voltage patterns with the current/voltage data of a target embedded system (TES). It compares the operation data of the TES with automatically generated normal operation patterns by forcibly exposing them. It suggests algorithms for immediately detecting and efficiently recovering from the TES malfunctions. The proposed system applies two algorithms. (a) Monitoring TES current: When a malfunction is detected, a monitoring embedded systme (MES) resets the TES to restore normal operation. If malfunctions persist, it controls TES by using an algorithm to shut it down. Additionally, a proportional integral derivation (PID) control is applied to stabilize the current state. (b) Monitoring TES voltage: If a voltage drop occurs, the MES immediately stops the TES operation to minimize damage. The proposed algorithms were validated through experiments. For a normal TES consuming up to 95 mA, an error detection rate of 20% was applied. The TES was reset if it consumed over 114 mA. It was confirmed that the TES was stopped upon detecting the third malfunction. Regarding voltage, when the normal operating voltage of the system was around 5 V, if the TES operating voltage dropped below 4.3 V, it was detected as a malfunction, and the algorithm to stop the TES operation was validated. Lee, Sanghoon; Park, Daejin Kyungpook Natl Univ, Software Disaster Res Ctr, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea 57254873100; 55463943600 tonightparty@knu.ac.kr;boltanut@knu.ac.kr; ELECTRONICS ELECTRONICS-SWITZ 2079-9292 13 8 SCIE ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC;PHYSICS, APPLIED;COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2024 2.6 46.9 0 2025-05-07 0 0 embedded system; software errors; system malfunction; malfunction monitoring; malfunction detection; real-time pattern comparison embedded system; malfunction detection; malfunction monitoring; real-time pattern comparison; software errors; system malfunction English 2024 2024-04 10.3390/electronics13081526 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
Article Transmit Precoding via Block Diagonalization with Approximately Optimized Distance Measures for Limited Feedback in Dense Cellular Networks with Multiantenna Base Stations This study introduces distance metrics for quantized-channel-based precoding in multiuser multiantenna systems, aiming to enhance spectral efficiency in dense cellular networks. Traditional metrics, such as the chordal distance, face limitations when dealing with scenarios involving limited feedback and multiple receive antennas. We address these challenges by developing distance measures that more accurately reflect network conditions, including the impact of intercell interference. Our distance measures are specifically designed to approximate the instantaneous rate of each user by estimating the unknown components during the quantization stage. This approach enables the associated users to efficiently estimate their achievable rates during the quantization process. Our distance measures are specifically designed for block diagonalization precoding, a method known for its computational efficiency and strong performance in multi-user multiple-input and multiple-output systems. The proposed metrics outperform conventional distance measures, particularly in environments where feedback resources are constrained, as is often the case in 5G and emerging 6G networks. The enhancements are especially significant in dense cellular networks, where accurate channel state information is critical for maintaining high spectral efficiency. Our findings suggest that these new distance measures offer a robust solution for improving the performance of limited-feedback-based precoding in cellular networks. Kwak, Sihoon; Kong, Jae-Ik; Min, Moonsik Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea 59388003700; 58487885900; 55386299100 gsu06325@knu.ac.kr;te04034@knu.ac.kr;msmin@knu.ac.kr; ELECTRONICS ELECTRONICS-SWITZ 2079-9292 13 20 SCIE ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC;PHYSICS, APPLIED;COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2024 2.6 46.9 0 2025-05-07 0 0 channel quantization; distance metric; expected SINR; linear precoding MIMO; CHANNELS channel quantization; distance metric; expected SINR; linear precoding English 2024 2024-10 10.3390/electronics13203973 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
Article Use of QUIC for Mobile-Oriented Future Internet (Q-MOFI) With the proliferation of mobile devices and various mobile services, ensuring smooth mobility for users has become a major challenge. The future internet is expected to be more mobile-friendly, with advancing technologies that will transform internet management in the coming decades. These technological advancements will help address mobility issues and provide a better internet experience for mobile devices and users. The transport layer plays a crucial role in the internet protocol suite by enabling communication between applications running on different servers. However, the widely used protocols, TCP and UDP, have several limitations, such as unreliability and slow performance due to three-way handshakes. To tackle these issues, Google introduced quick UDP internet connections (QUIC). QUIC aims to enhance latency, delay, and data transmission reliability. Q-MOFI, a future internet architecture focused on mobile devices and based on QUIC, strives to achieve these goals. Moreover, it enhances throughput by implementing multiplexing. Q-MOFI outperforms traditional UDP-based MOFI in terms of throughput gains, minimizing packet loss, and reducing binding operation latency, even when the number of hosts increases. The efficiency of this model has been validated through experimental testing. Tauqeer, Muhammad; Gohar, Moneeb; Koh, Seok Joo; Alquhayz, Hani Univ Swabi, Dept Comp Sci, Ambar 23430, Pakistan; Bahria Univ, Dept Comp Sci, E8 Campus, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; Bahria Univ, Dept Comp Sci, H-11 Campus, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Comp Sci & Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Majmaah Univ, Coll Sci Zulfi, Dept Comp Sci & Informat, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia 58848343400; 36104105300; 8958394800; 55804201900 tauqeer@uoswabi.edu.pk;mgohar.buic@bahria.edu.pk;sjkoh@knu.ac.kr;h.alquhayz@mu.edu.sa; ELECTRONICS ELECTRONICS-SWITZ 2079-9292 13 2 SCIE ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC;PHYSICS, APPLIED;COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2024 2.6 46.9 0.39 2025-04-16 1 1 UDP; QUIC; MOFI; q-MOFI; LMC ENERGY-EFFICIENT; TRANSPORT; TCP; QUALITY LMC; MOFI; q-MOFI; QUIC; UDP English 2024 2024-01 10.3390/electronics13020431 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
Article VerSA: Versatile Systolic Array Architecture for Sparse and Dense Matrix Multiplications A key part of modern deep neural network (DNN) applications is matrix multiplication. As DNN applications are becoming more diverse, there is a need for both dense and sparse matrix multiplications to be accelerated by hardware. However, most hardware accelerators are designed to accelerate either dense or sparse matrix multiplication. In this paper, we propose VerSA, a versatile systolic array architecture for both dense and sparse matrix multiplications. VerSA employs intermediate paths and SRAM buffers between the rows of the systolic array (SA), thereby enabling an early termination in sparse matrix multiplication with a negligible performance overhead when running dense matrix multiplication. When running sparse matrix multiplication, 256 x 256 VerSA brings performance (i.e., an inverse of execution time) improvement and energy saving by 1.21x-1.60x and 7.5-30.2%, respectively, when compared to the conventional SA. When running dense matrix multiplication, VerSA results in only a 0.52% performance overhead compared to the conventional SA. Seo, Juwon; Kong, Joonho Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea 59003462500; 25927220400 mscjos97@knu.ac.kr;joonho.kong@knu.ac.kr; ELECTRONICS ELECTRONICS-SWITZ 2079-9292 13 8 SCIE ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC;PHYSICS, APPLIED;COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2024 2.6 46.9 0.35 2025-05-07 1 1 matrix multiplication; systolic array; sparse matrix; dense matrix; hardware acceleration dense matrix; hardware acceleration; matrix multiplication; sparse matrix; systolic array English 2024 2024-04 10.3390/electronics13081500 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
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KeywordsPlus (SCOPUS) SCOPUS에서 자동으로 추출하거나 추가한 색인 키워드입니다.
Language 논문이 작성된 언어입니다. 대부분 English이며, 그 외 다양한 언어로 작성된 논문이 포함될 수 있습니다.
Publication Year 논문이 출판된 연도입니다.
Publication Date 논문의 정확한 출판 날짜입니다 (년-월-일 형식).
DOI Digital Object Identifier. 디지털 객체 식별자로, 논문을 고유하게 식별하는 영구적인 식별번호입니다. 이를 통해 논문의 온라인 위치를 찾을 수 있습니다.