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WoS SCOPUS Document Type Document Title Abstract Authors Affiliation ResearcherID (WoS) AuthorsID (SCOPUS) Author Email(s) Journal Name JCR Abbreviation ISSN eISSN Volume Issue WoS Edition WoS Category JCR Year IF JCR (%) FWCI FWCI Update Date WoS Citation SCOPUS Citation Keywords (WoS) KeywordsPlus (WoS) Keywords (SCOPUS) KeywordsPlus (SCOPUS) Language Publication Stage Publication Year Publication Date DOI JCR Link DOI Link WOS Link SCOPUS Link
Article Selectively enriched mixed sulfate-reducing bacteria for acrylamide biodegradation Acrylamide (AM) is a carcinogen and neurotoxicant, and its growing application in numerous industrial processes is contaminating the environment. In addition, the inhibitory effect of AM makes its biodegradation in the environment challenging. This study investigated AM degradation using a selectively enriched inoculum of mixed sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) isolated from a local wastewater treatment plant in Daegu, Korea. The use of SRB is promising for effectively treating several environmental pollutants, but the feasibility for biodegrading AM has not yet been reported. Experimental results showed that 73% AM (initial concentration: 7 mM) biodegradation was achieved in just 120 h, together with 42% and 96% TOC and sulfate removal, respectively. In addition, the SRB performance was not significantly affected by a threefold increase in the AM concentration; biodegradation performance dropped by only 12%. These results imply SRB immunity toward lethal contaminants and the viability of using SRB in different treatment processes. The kinetic results of batch studies enabled development of a pseudo-first-order kinetic model for AM biodegradation, TOC, and sulfate removal. In addition, although the sulfate removal efficiency was affected by a higher sulfate loading, it had little effect on AM and TOC removal. This study shows the potential of using SRB to effectively degrade recalcitrant pharmaceutical pollutants. Tahir, K.; Miran, W.; Jang, J.; Shahzad, A.; Moztahida, M.; Jeon, H.; Kim, B.; Lim, S. -R.; Lee, D. S. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Environm Engn, 80 Daehak Ro, Daegu 41566, South Korea; COMSATS Univ Islamabad, Dept Chem Engn, Lahore Campus,1-5 KM Def Rd,Off Raiwind Rd, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; Natl Inst Mat Sci, Int Ctr Mat Nanoarchitecton, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050044, Japan; Korea Radioact Waste Agcy, R&D Inst Radioact Wastes, 174 Gajeong Ro, Daejeon 34129, South Korea; Kangwon Natl Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Chunchon 24341, Gangwon, South Korea ; Tahir, Khurram/KFS-5321-2024; Miran, Waheed/G-6671-2016 57207114377; 57195984440; 56611137400; 57190382338; 57202904382; 57218291200; 57208922438; 14626162700; 55568524907 daesung@knu.ac.kr; INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY INT J ENVIRON SCI TE 1735-1472 1735-2630 17 12 SCIE ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 2020 2.86 54.2 0.15 2025-06-25 1 2 Acrylamide; Biodegradation; Sulfate-reducing bacteria; Microbial community analysis WASTE-WATER; MICROBIAL-DEGRADATION; ACTIVATED-SLUDGE; METABOLISM; REMOVAL; ADSORPTION; STRAIN Acrylamide; Biodegradation; Microbial community analysis; Sulfate-reducing bacteria South Korea; Taegu [South Korea]; Taegu [Taegu (ADS)]; Trixis; Amides; Bacteria; Pollution; Sulfur compounds; Wastewater treatment; Biodegradation performance; Different treatments; Environmental pollutants; Industrial processs; Inhibitory effect; Initial concentration; Pseudo-first order kinetic model; Wastewater treatment plants; biodegradation; chemical pollutant; concentration (composition); experimental study; microbial activity; pollutant removal; polymer; reaction kinetics; sulfate-reducing bacterium; Biodegradation English 2020 2020-12 10.1007/s13762-020-02819-5 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
Article Curved skin incision for Ulnar nerve transposition in Cubital Tunnel Syndrome: Cadaveric and clinical study to avoid injury of medial cutaneous nerve Introduction: Medial skin incision is obligatory for ulnar nerve transposition in cubital tunnel syndrome. However, inadvertent surgical damage to the terminal branches of both the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve (MACN) and the medial brachial cutaneous nerve (MBCN) has been a concern in the current surgical approach. Hypothesis: We hypothesized a modified curved skin incision to avoid the damage to the medial cutaneous nerve. Materials and methods: The numbers and locations of MACN and MBCN terminal branches were investigated; also, the location of the posterior branch of MACN in ten fresh frozen cadaveric upper extremities. Using modified incision which is more anterior than classic approach and includes antegrade dissection of the cutaneous branches, same measurement was performed in clinical cases. We described the techniques. Results: The average number of MACN posterior terminal branches was 2.6 +/- 1.6 and 4.4 +/- 2.4 branches in the cadaveric specimens and clinical cases, respectively. The average number of MBCN terminal branches was 2.1 +/- 0.87 branches. The MACN posterior terminal branches were located at an average of 19 mm proximal and 45 mm distal from the medial epicondyle. In clinical cases, we could preserve all MBCN terminal branches and posterior terminal branches of MACN using the indexed skin incision. Discussion: Our modified medial skin incision technique with antegrade subcutaneous dissection exposed all the terminal branches of MACN and thus, could reduce the risk of inadvertent injury. The medial epicondyle and the basilic vein are reliable anatomical landmarks to identify the posterior branch of the MACN. Level of proof: IV, Cadaveric and Therapeutic study. (C) 2020 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. Kwon, Soonwook; Bin, Zhu; Deslivia, Maria Florencia; Lee, Hyun-Joo; Rhyu, Im Joo; Jeon, In-Ho Catholic Univ Daegu, Sch Med, Dept Anat, Daegu, South Korea; Ningbo 6 Hosp, Dept Hand Surg, Ningbo, Zhejiang, Peoples R China; Sanglah Hosp, Orthoped & Traumatol Dept, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Kyungpook Natl Univ Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Orthoped Surg, Daegu, South Korea; Korea Univ, Dept Anat, Coll Med, Seoul, South Korea ; Deslivia, Maria Florencia/IAQ-9858-2023 54585425600; 57200941294; 56306551400; 58838750100; 55666938800; 7006505004 jeonchoi@gmail.com; ORTHOPAEDICS & TRAUMATOLOGY-SURGERY & RESEARCH ORTHOP TRAUMATOL-SUR 1877-0568 106 4 SCIE ORTHOPEDICS;SURGERY 2020 2.256 54.3 0.27 2025-06-25 0 2 Cubital tunnel syndrome; Anterior transposition; Medial cutaneous nerve Anterior transposition; Cubital tunnel syndrome; Medial cutaneous nerve Cadaver; Cubital Tunnel Syndrome; Elbow; Forearm; Humans; Ulnar Nerve; Article; cadaver; clinical article; clinical study; cubital tunnel syndrome; curved skin incision; human; human tissue; medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve; medial brachial cutaneous nerve; medial cutaneous nerve injury; nerve injury; nerve surgery; priority journal; risk reduction; skin incision; skin nerve; ulnar nerve transposition; anatomy and histology; elbow; forearm; ulnar nerve English 2020 2020-06 10.1016/j.otsr.2020.03.003 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
Article Genomic features, whole-genome phylogenetic and comparative genomic analysis of extreme-drug-resistant ventilator-associated-pneumonia Acinetobacter baumannii strain in a Vietnam hospital Objectives: Acinetobacter baumannii is a major cause of ventilator-associated-pneumonia (VAP) worldwide due to its impressive propensity to rapidly acquire resistance elements to a wide range of antibacterial agents. We sought to explore the genomic features of this pathogen from a sputum specimen of a VAP male patient. Methods: Whole genome analysis of A. baumannii DMS06670 included de novo assembly; functional annotation, whole-genome-phylogenetic analysis, antibiotics genes identification, prophage regions, virulent factor and pangenome analysis. Results: Assembly of whole-genome shotgun sequences of strain DMS06670 yielded an estimated genome size of 3.8 Mb with Sequence Type 447. Functional annotation and orthologous protein cluster analysis identified several potential antibiotic resistance genes was conducted (with 1 novel gene), prophage regions, virulent factors. The clusters of orthologous groups (COGs) analysis in protein sequence of the A. baumannii strain was compared with the other five genomes showed that the orthologous protein clusters responsible for multi-drug exist inside highly antimicrobial resistant strains. Whole-genome phylogenetic and in silico MLST analysis revealed that this A. baumannii strain is in the same Glade as strains LAC-4 and BJAB0715. Comparative analysis of 23 available genomes of A. baumannii revealed a pan-genome consisting of 15,883 genes. Conclusion: Our findings provide insight into the virulence-associated genes and then compared with the genomes of other A. baumannii strains by calculation of ANI values and pan-genome analysis. Functional studies of these pathogens are required to validate these findings. Nguyen Si-Tuan; Hua My Ngoc; Le Duy Nhat; Cuong Nguyen; Huy Quang Pham; Nguyen Thuy Huong HCM Natl Univ, Ho Chi Minh City Univ Technol, Fac Chem Engn, Dept Biotechnol, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Thongnhat Gen Hosp Dongnai Prov, Dept Med Microbiol, Bien Hoa City, Dong Nai Provin, Vietnam; Thongnhat Gen Hosp Dongnai Prov, Dept Med Biochem, Bien Hoa City, Dong Nai Provin, Vietnam; Vinmec HiTech Ctr, Hanoi, Vietnam; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Sch Appl Biosci, Daegu 702701, South Korea Pham, Quang/AAB-3064-2022 57196939365; 57196947429; 57213171745; 57213860677; 57200503445; 58349692200 nsituan@gmail.com; INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION INFECT GENET EVOL 1567-1348 1567-7257 80 SCIE INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2020 3.342 54.3 0.28 2025-06-25 7 7 A. baumannii; Whole-genome phylogeny; Genomic features; Comparative genomics BETA-LACTAMASE; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; ALGORITHM; ANNOTATION; SEQUENCE; TOOL A. baumannii; Comparative genomics; Genomic features; Whole-genome phylogeny Acinetobacter baumannii; Acinetobacter Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Computational Biology; Cross Infection; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Genome, Bacterial; Genomics; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Phylogeny; Vietnam; Virulence Factors; virulence factor; antiinfective agent; virulence factor; Acinetobacter baumannii; amino acid sequence; antibiotic resistance; antibiotic resistome; Article; average nucleotide identity; bacterial gene; bacterial genome; bacterial strain; bacterium isolation; cladistics; clinical feature; cluster analysis; comparative study; computer model; controlled study; gene and nucleic acid parameters; gene identification; genetic analysis; genome size; hospital; human; male; multilocus sequence typing; nonhuman; phylogeny; priority journal; protein analysis; ventilator associated pneumonia; Viet Nam; whole genome sequencing; Acinetobacter baumannii; Acinetobacter infection; antibiotic resistance; bacterial genome; biology; classification; cross infection; drug effect; genetics; genomics; microbial sensitivity test; microbiology; phylogeny; procedures English 2020 2020-06 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104178 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
Article Phylogeographic analysis of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus isolated in Cambodia from 2018 to 2019 Since 2004, several outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) have been reported in Cambodia. Until 2013, all H5N1 viruses identified in Cambodia belonged to clade 1 and its subclades. H5N1 HPAI viruses belonging to clade 2.3.2.1c have been dominant since the beginning of 2014, with various genotypes (KH1-KH5) reported. Here, we isolated nine H5N1 HPAI viruses from domestic poultry farms and slaughterhouses in Cambodia during 2018-2019 and performed phylogenetic analysis of whole genome sequences. All isolates were classified as H5 clade 2.3.2.1c viruses and all harbored multi-basic amino acid sequences (PQRERRRKR/GLF) at the haemagglutinin (HA) cleavage site. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the H5N1 isolates in this study belonged to the KH2 genotype, the dominant genotype in Cambodia in 2015. Phylogenetic analysis of the HA gene showed that the isolates were divided into two groups (A and B). The results of Bayesian discrete phylogeography analysis revealed that the viral migration pathways from Vietnam to Cambodia (Bayes factor value: 734,039.01; posterior probability: 1.00) and from Cambodia to Vietnam (Bayes factor value: 26,199.95; posterior probability: 1.00) were supported by high statistical values. These well-supported viral migrations between Vietnam and Cambodia demonstrate that viral transmission continued in both directions. Several factors may have contributed to this, including the free-grazing duck system and movement of poultry-related products. Thus, the results emphasize the need for an enhanced international surveillance program to better understand transboundary infection and evolution of H5N1 HPAI viruses, along with implementation of more stringent international trade controls on poultry and poultry products. Park, Yu-Ri; Lee, Yu-Na; Lee, Dong-Hun; Si, Young-Jae; Baek, Yoon-Gi; Bunnary, Seng; Theary, Ren; Tum, Sothyra; Kye, Soo-Jeong; Lee, Myoung-Heon; Park, Choi-Kyu; Lee, Youn-Jeong Anim & Plant Quarantine Agcy, Avian Influenza Res & Diagnost Div, 177,Hyeoksin 8 Ro, Gimcheon 39660, South Korea; Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol & Vet Sci, Storrs, CT USA; Natl Anim Hlth & Prod Res Inst, Dept Anim Hlth & Prod, Phnom Perth, Cambodia; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Coll Vet Med, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Anim Dis Intervent Ctr, Daegu 41566, South Korea 57190841028; 59858247700; 55554985200; 56596215900; 57211667015; 57219606645; 55547038200; 6507434235; 8434166700; 7409119931; 24768064900; 55533095600 parkck@knu.ac.kr;leeyj700@korea.kr; INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION INFECT GENET EVOL 1567-1348 1567-7257 86 SCIE INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2020 3.342 54.3 0 2025-06-25 0 0 Highly pathogenic avian influenza; H5N1; Phylogenetic analysis; Cambodia POULTRY Cambodia; H5N1; Highly pathogenic avian influenza; Phylogenetic analysis Animals; Cambodia; Genotype; History, 21st Century; Humans; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype; Phylogeny; Phylogeography; Poultry Diseases; Public Health Surveillance; hemagglutinin; amino acid sequence; Article; avian influenza (H5N1); Cambodia; nonhuman; phylogeny; phylogeography; poultry product; priority journal; Viet Nam; virus isolation; virus transmission; virus virulence; animal; bird disease; classification; genetics; genotype; health survey; history; human; Influenza A virus (H5N1); isolation and purification; phylogeny; virology English 2020 2020-12 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104599 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
Article Avoiding Spurious Retransmission over Flooding-Based Routing Protocol for Underwater Sensor Networks In underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSN), acoustic communication naturally introduces challenges such as long propagation delay and high packet loss. The flooding-based routing protocol can address these challenges with its multipath characteristics. As in flooding-based routing, due to multipath propagation mechanism, not only DATA but also ACK messages are transmitted through multiple routes however still some packet loss will degrade the performance. So, to provide high reliability of message delivery, an efficient retransmission mechanism is inevitable. Though, if the network uses conventional transport layer protocol such as TCP, it will suffer a spurious retransmission problem as TCP was originally not designed for the multipath environment. In this paper, we propose route discrimination for flooding-based routing to reduce spurious retransmission in UWSN to solve the limitation. The notion of ACK copies waiting time (ACWT) is utilized which is selectively updated based on the similarity of paths of transmission of ACK message copies. We also improved our previous solution that lacks flexibility to cope with dynamic link error characteristics. Through evaluation, we verified that our new scheme achieves the performance improvements of 14%similar to 84% in terms of retransmission ratio compared to the previous research. Lee, Sungwon; Bae, Yeongjoon; Khan, Muhammad Toaha Raza; Seo, Junho; Kim, Dongkyun Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Comp Sci & Engn, Daegu, South Korea Khan, Turyalai/HPH-0061-2023; Khan, Muhammad Toaha Raza/KXR-8209-2024 57219637666; 57203638240; 57202044597; 57208740581; 35753648800 lsw5359@knu.ac.kr;nariane@knu.ac.kr;toaha@knu.ac.kr;junho5146@knu.ac.kr;dongkyun@knu.ac.kr; WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS & MOBILE COMPUTING WIREL COMMUN MOB COM 1530-8669 1530-8677 2020 SCIE COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS;ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC;TELECOMMUNICATIONS 2020 2.336 54.4 0.07 2025-06-25 1 3 Floods; Multipath propagation; Packet loss; Routing protocols; Transmission control protocol; Underwater acoustics; Acoustic communications; Conventional transports; Multi-path environments; Propagation delays; Retransmission mechanism; Retransmission ratio; Underwater sensor networks; Underwater wireless sensor networks; Wireless sensor networks English 2020 2020-08-25 10.1155/2020/8839541 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
Article Bodacious-Instance Coverage Mechanism for Wireless Sensor Network Due to unavoidable environmental factors, wireless sensor networks are facing numerous tribulations regarding network coverage. These arose due to the uncouth deployment of the sensor nodes in the wireless coverage area that ultimately degrades the performance and confines the coverage range. In order to enhance the network coverage range, an instance (node) redeployment-based Bodacious-instance Coverage Mechanism (BiCM) is proposed. The proposed mechanism creates new instance positions in the coverage area. It operates in two stages; in the first stage, it locates the intended instance position through the Dissimilitude Enhancement Scheme (DES) and moves the instance to a new position, while the second stage is called the depuration, when the moving distance between the initial and intended instance positions is sagaciously reduced. Further, the variations of various parameters of BiCM such as loudness, pulse emission rate, maximum frequency, grid points, and sensing radius have been explored, and the optimized parameters are identified. The performance metric has been meticulously analyzed through simulation results and is compared with the state-of-the-art Fruit Fly Optimization Algorithm (FOA) and, one step above, the tuned BiCM algorithm in terms of mean coverage rate, computation time, and standard deviation. The coverage range curve for various numbers of iterations and sensor nodes is also presented for the tuned Bodacious-instance Coverage Mechanism (tuned BiCM), BiCM, and FOA. The performance metrics generated by the simulation have vouched for the effectiveness of tuned BiCM as it achieved more coverage range than BiCM and FOA. Ashraf, Shahzad; Alfandi, Omar; Ahmad, Arshad; Khattak, Asad Masood; Hayat, Bashir; Kim, Kyong Hoon; Ullah, Ayaz Hohai Univ, Coll Internet Things Engn, Changzhou, Jiangsu, Peoples R China; Zayed Univ, Coll Technol Innovat, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates; Pak Austria Fachhsch Inst Appl Sci & Technol, Dept IT & Comp Sci, Mang Khanpur Rd, Haripur 22620, Pakistan; Inst Management Sci, Peshawar, Pakistan; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Comp Sci & Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Univ Swabi, Dept Comp Sci, Anbar 25000, Pakistan Otoum, Safa/AAA-5216-2021; Kim, Honghyok/LDF-5356-2024; Ashraf, Shahzad/AAD-1652-2020; Ahmad, Arshad/V-1863-2019; Ashraf, Shahzad/S-1371-2017 57193631627; 24528586500; 57214747469; 26031517700; 57194435918; 15065463500; 57214719215 nfc.iet@hotmail.com;omar.alfandi@zu.ac.ae;yaarshad@gmail.com;asad.khattak@zu.ac.ae;bashir.hayat@imsciences.edu.pk;kyong.kim@knu.ac.kr;ayazsb@gmail.com; WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS & MOBILE COMPUTING WIREL COMMUN MOB COM 1530-8669 1530-8677 2020 SCIE COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS;ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC;TELECOMMUNICATIONS 2020 2.336 54.4 1.3 2025-06-25 34 44 OPTIMIZATION; ALGORITHM; SCHEME Image resolution; Pulse code modulation; Environmental factors; Fruit Fly Optimization Algorithm (FOA); Maximum frequency; Optimized parameter; Performance metrices; Performance metrics; Standard deviation; Wireless coverage; Sensor nodes English 2020 2020-11-28 10.1155/2020/8833767 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
Editorial Efficient Data Forwarding in Internet of Things and Sensor Networks [No abstract available] Kim, Dongkyun; Song, Houbing; Cano, Juan C.; Wang, Wei School of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea; Department of Electrical, Computer, Software, and Systems Engineering, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, 32114, FL, United States; Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera, S/N, Valencia, 46022, Spain; Department of Computer Science, San Diego State University, 5500, Campanile Drive, San Diego, 92115, CA, United States 35753648800; 57199094588; 7201866051; 57075307000 dongkyun@knu.ac.kr; Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing WIREL COMMUN MOB COM 1530-8669 1530-8677 2018 SCIE COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS;ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC;TELECOMMUNICATIONS 2020 2.336 54.4 0 2025-06-25 1 English Final 2020 10.1155/2018/1736562 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
Article Morphological abnormalities in ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) from the Republic of Korea Tick-borne disease surveillance was conducted by tick drag among uncut grasses/herbaceous vegetation and mixed forest habitats from 2018-2020 at US Army Garrison Humphreys, Pyeongtaek, the Republic of Korea (ROK). While identifying ticks collected in the spring of 2020, teratological anomalies were observed in nymphs of Haemaphysalis longicornis (in one specimen, partial twinning of the posterior idiosoma, resulting in 2 anuses; in a second, asymmetry of the idiosoma) and Ixodes nipponensis (7 legs). These teratological observations in H. longicornis and I. nipponensis are reported for the first time in the ROK. Chong, Sung-Tae; Kim, Heung-Chul; Suh, Sang-Jae; Klein, Terry A.; Robbins, Richard G. Force Hlth Protect & Prevent Med, Med Dept Act Korea 65th Med Brigade, Unit 15281, APO, AP 96271 USA; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Life Sci, Daegu 41566, South Korea; MSC, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Walter Reed Biosystemat Unit, MRC 534,4210 Silver Hill Rd, Suitland, MD 20746 USA; Walter Reed Army Inst Res, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA 11840251100; 8847173600; 15754843200; 7202313728; 7202460338 RobbinsRG@si.edu; SYSTEMATIC AND APPLIED ACAROLOGY SYST APPL ACAROL-UK 1362-1971 25 11 SCIE ENTOMOLOGY 2020 1.421 54.4 0.59 2025-06-25 8 6 tick surveillance; teratology; Haemaphysalis longicornis; Ixodes nipponensis; Korea HAEMAPHYSALIS LONGICORNIS TICKS; THROMBOCYTOPENIA SYNDROME VIRUS; SEVERE FEVER; RHIPICEPHALUS-SANGUINEUS; RICKETTSIA-MONACENSIS; GYEONGGI; PROVINCE; HABITATS Haemaphysalis longicornis; Ixodes nipponensis; Korea; teratology; tick surveillance English 2020 2020-11 10.11158/saa.25.11.6 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
Article The Hybrid Solar-RF Energy for Base Transceiver Stations The base transceiver stations (BTS) are telecom infrastructures that facilitate wireless communication between the subscriber device and the telecom operator networks. They are deployed in suitable places having a lot of freely propagating ambient radio frequency (RF) and solar energies. This paper is aimed at converting received ambient environmental energy into usable electricity to power the stations. We proposed a hybrid energy harvesting system that can collect energy from RF and solar energies at the same time. The sources are combined to provide to a significant amount, to contribute to operational expenditures that reduce energy costs, and to improve the energy efficiency of the base station sites in rural areas from the most common renewable resources since the base stations are major consumers of cellular networks. The hybrid systems are designed with circuits, simulated, and compared to show their good performance to the base stations. PSIM, PROTEUS, and MATLAB software are used to simulate for evaluating the voltage and the current output of the hybrid systems that meet the power requirements. The design and simulation results show the feasibility of our proposed method with the battery storage that can be deployed not only in real base stations but also for other electrical operated systems. Nguyen, Cuong, V; Nguyen, Minh T.; Quyen, Toan, V; Le, Anh M.; Truong, Linh H. Duy Tan Univ, Inst Res & Dev, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam; Thai Nguyen Univ Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Thai Nguyen 24000, Vietnam; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Coll Elect & Comp Engn, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Ind Engn & Engn Management, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan ; Nguyen, Minh/AAK-1016-2021 57215662845; 55415937200; 57215669249; 57215609519; 57215598844 tuanminh.nguyen@okstate.edu; WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS & MOBILE COMPUTING WIREL COMMUN MOB COM 1530-8669 1530-8677 2020 SCIE COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS;ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC;TELECOMMUNICATIONS 2020 2.336 54.4 0.14 2025-06-25 2 3 CELLULAR NETWORKS Base stations; Energy efficiency; Energy harvesting; Hybrid systems; MATLAB; Radio transceivers; Base transceiver station; Design and simulation; Environmental energy; Operational expenditures; Radio frequencies; Renewable resource; Telecom infrastructures; Wireless communications; Solar energy English 2020 2020-07-14 10.1155/2020/8875760 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
Article Analgesic Effect of Ultrasound-Guided Preoperative Unilateral Lateral Quadratus Lumborum Block for Laparoscopic Nephrectomy: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Controlled Trial Purpose: The quadratus lumborum block (QLB) is a relatively new regional analgesic technique that could provide analgesia to the abdominal wall and reduce postoperative opioid consumption. We investigated the opioid-sparing effect of a unilateral lateral QLB in laparoscopic nephrectomy. Patients and Methods: A total of 60 patients undergoing laparoscopic nephrectomy were included in the study. Patients were randomized into two groups as QLB and control group. QLB group received QLB with 25mL 0.25% ropivacaine, and the control group received 25mL 0.9% saline at anterolateral border of quadratus lumborum muscle preoperatively. Opioid consumption and the pain intensity at rest and on movement were measured at 2nd, 6th, 24th, and 48th hour postoperatively. We also assessed the time to first flatus to measure the extent of paralytic ileus and the quality of recovery-15 (QoR-15) questionnaire. Results: Postoperative opioid consumption was significantly lower in the QLB group than in the control group at 6, 24, and 48h after surgery (P < 0.05). The pain intensity at rest and on movement was significantly lower in the QLB group than in the control group during the first 24 hours after surgery (P < 0.05). The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, time to first flatus, and QoR-15 score did not show significant differences. Conclusion: Preoperative unilateral QLB successfully decreased postoperative pain and opioid consumption after laparoscopic nephrectomy and could be an option for analgesia after laparoscopic nephrectomy. Kwak, Kyung-Hwa; Baek, Seung Il; Kim, Jay Kyoung; Kim, Tae-Hwan; Yeo, Jinseok Kyungpook Natl Univ, Chilgok Hosp, Dept Anesthesiol & Pain Med, Sch Med, Daegu, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Chilgok Hosp, Dept Urol, Sch Med, Daegu, South Korea 22937974700; 57209108605; 57218347150; 57797823600; 35072322000 painfree@gmail.com; JOURNAL OF PAIN RESEARCH J PAIN RES 1178-7090 13 SCIE CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2020 3.133 54.6 2.11 2025-06-25 26 27 quadratus lumborum block; laparoscopic nephrectomy; postoperative pain; opioid consumption; ultrasound-guided block POSTOPERATIVE PAIN; THORACOLUMBAR FASCIA; SENSORY INNERVATION; LOCAL-ANESTHETICS; MANAGEMENT; SPREAD Laparoscopic nephrectomy; Opioid consumption; Postoperative pain; Quadratus lumborum block; Ultrasound-guided block ropivacaine; sodium chloride; abdominal wall musculature; adult; analgesia; analgesic activity; Article; assessment of humans; controlled study; double blind procedure; female; flatulence; human; laparoscopic surgery; major clinical study; male; middle aged; morbidity; nephrectomy; nerve block; pain intensity; paralytic ileus; pilot study; postoperative nausea and vomiting; postoperative pain; postoperative period; preoperative period; quadratus lumborum block; quadratus lumborum muscle; quality of recovery 15 questionnaire; randomized controlled trial English 2020 2020 10.2147/jpr.s257466 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
Article Early Blockade of EphA4 Pathway Reduces Trigeminal Neuropathic Pain Background: Although the Eph receptor plays an important role in the development of neuropathic pain following nerve injury, there has been no evidence of the participation of the ephrin A4 receptor (EphA4) in the development of trigeminal neuropathic pain. The present study investigated the role of EphA4 in central nociceptive processing in rats with inferior alveolar nerve injury. Materials and Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in all our experiments. A rat model for trigeminal neuropathic pain was produced using malpositioned dental implants. The left mandibular second molar was extracted under anesthesia, followed by the placement of a miniature dental implant to injure the inferior alveolar nerve. Results: Our current findings show that nerve injury induced by malpositioned dental implants evokes significant mechanical allodynia and up-regulation of EphA4 expression in the ipsilateral trigeminal subnucleus caudalis. Although daily treatment with EphA4-Fc, an EphA4 antagonist, did not produce prolonged anti-allodynic effects after the chronic neuropathic pain had been already established, an early treatment protocol with repeated EphA4-Fc administration significantly attenuated mechanical allodynia before initiation of chronic neuropathic pain. Finally, we confirmed the participation of the central EphA4 pathway in the development of trigeminal neuropathic pain by reducing EphA4 expression using EphA4 siRNA. This suppression of EphA4 produced significantly prolonged anti-allodynic effects. Conclusion: These results suggest that early blockade of central EphA4 signaling provides a new therapeutic target for the treatment of trigeminal neuropathic pain. Kim, Min-Ji; Son, Jo-Young; Ju, Jin-Sook; Ahn, Dong-Kuk Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Dent, Dept Oral Physiol, 2177 Dalgubeol Daero, Daegu 41940, South Korea ; Kim, Min-Ji/Z-5205-2019 58368884700; 57201998311; 7202751199; 7202706889 dkahn@knu.ac.kr; JOURNAL OF PAIN RESEARCH J PAIN RES 1178-7090 13 SCIE CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2020 3.133 54.6 0.78 2025-06-25 12 11 neuropathic pain; ephrin; EphA4; siRNA; allodynia; trigeminal MECHANICAL ALLODYNIA; RECEPTORS; COMPRESSION; ACTIVATION; EXPRESSION; INJURY; COMMUNICATION; REGENERATION; NOCICEPTION; INHIBITION Allodynia; EphA4; Ephrin; Neuropathic pain; SiRNA; Trigeminal agents interacting with transmitter, hormone or drug receptors; ephrin receptor A4; ephrin receptor A4 Fc; small interfering RNA; unclassified drug; analgesia; analgesic activity; anesthesia; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; Article; caudal trigeminal nucleus; controlled study; drug efficacy; early intervention; inferior alveolar nerve; male; mechanical allodynia; nerve injury; neuropathic pain; nociception; nonhuman; protein expression; rat; rat model; second molar; Sprague Dawley rat; tooth extraction; treatment duration; trigeminal neuropathic pain; trigeminus neuralgia; upregulation English 2020 2020 10.2147/jpr.s249185 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
Article A Brief Telephone Severity Scoring System and Therapeutic Living Centers Solved Acute Hospital-Bed Shortage during the COVID-19 Outbreak in Daegu, Korea With the epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, the number of infected patients was rapidly increasing in Daegu, Korea. With a maximum of 741 new patients per day in the city as of February 29, 2020, hospital-bed shortage was a great challenge to the local healthcare system. We developed and applied a remote brief severity scoring system, administered by telephone for assigning priority for hospitalization and arranging for facility isolation ("therapeutic living centers") for the patients starting on February 29, 2020. Fifteen centers were operated for the 3,033 admissions to the COVID-19 therapeutic living centers. Only 81 cases (2.67%) were transferred to hospitals after facility isolation. We think that this brief severity scoring system for COVID-19 worked safely to solve the hospital-bed shortage. Telephone scoring of the severity of disease and therapeutic living centers could be very useful in overcoming the shortage of hospital-beds that occurs during outbreaks of infectious diseases. Kim, Shin-Woo; Lee, Kyeong Soo; Kim, Keonyeop; Lee, Jung Jeung; Kim, Jong-yeon Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, 130 Dongdeok Ro, Daegu 41944, South Korea; Yeungnam Univ, Coll Med, Dept Prevent Med & Publ Hlth, Daegu, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Daegu, South Korea; Keimyung Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Daegu, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ Hosp, Dept Publ Hlth, Daegu, South Korea Kim, Sooyeon/AAA-8521-2022; Lee, Sang Mi/AAC-7045-2022 8710731500; 36129485900; 35076059600; 57203144778; 58382951500 ksw2kms@knu.ac.kr; JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE J KOREAN MED SCI 1011-8934 1598-6357 35 15 SCIE MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL 2020 2.153 54.8 4.3 2025-06-25 54 59 Brief Severity Scoring System; Telephone; COVID-19; Facility Isolation; Therapeutic Living Center EARLY WARNING SCORE; CORONAVIRUS; VALIDATION Brief severity scoring system; COVID-19; Facility isolation; Telephone; Therapeutic living center Bedding and Linens; Betacoronavirus; Coronavirus Infections; Delivery of Health Care; Disease Outbreaks; Humans; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; Republic of Korea; Surveys and Questionnaires; Telephone; bed; Betacoronavirus; coronavirus disease 2019; Coronavirus infection; epidemic; health care delivery; human; pandemic; questionnaire; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; South Korea; telephone; virus pneumonia English 2020 2020-04-20 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e152 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
Article A Case of COVID-19 with Acute Myocardial Infarction and Cardiogenic Shock A 60-year-old male patient with coronavirus disease-2019 showed new onset ST-segment elevation in V1-V2 leads on electrocardiogram and cardiac enzyme elevation in intensive care unit. He had a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. He was receiving mechanical ventilation and veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation treatment for severe hypoxia. Two-D echocardiogram showed regional wall motion abnormalities. We performed primary percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction complicating cardiogenic shock under hemodynamic support. He expired on the 16th day of admission because of cardiogenic shock and multi-organ failure. Active surveillance and intensive treatment strategy are important for saving lives of COVID-19 patients with acute myocardial infarction. Kim, Hong Nyun; Lee, Jang Hoon; Park, Hun Sik; Yang, Dong Heon; Jang, Se Yong; Bae, Myung Hwan; Cho, Yongkeun; Chae, Shung Chull; Lee, Yong-Hoon Kyungpook Natl Univ Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Div Cardiol, 130 Dongdeok Ro, Daegu 41944, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Daegu, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Kyungpook Natl Univ Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med,Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Daegu, South Korea ; Park, Hang-soo/AEH-1640-2022; Lee, Ji Ye/ABA-7830-2021 56706769800; 54581258000; 57198844106; 35277423400; 57207977889; 36607356800; 9249593500; 7101962036; 57199022948 ljhmh75@knu.ac.kr; JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE J KOREAN MED SCI 1011-8934 1598-6357 35 27 SCIE MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL 2020 2.153 54.8 1.03 2025-06-25 15 14 SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Acute Myocardial Infarction; Cardiogenic Shock Acute Myocardial Infarction; Cardiogenic Shock; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2 Betacoronavirus; Coronavirus Infections; Electrocardiography; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation; Humans; Hypoxia; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardial Infarction; Pandemics; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; Pneumonia, Viral; Shock, Cardiogenic; Betacoronavirus; cardiogenic shock; case report; complication; Coronavirus infection; electrocardiography; extracorporeal oxygenation; heart infarction; human; hypoxia; male; middle aged; mortality; pandemic; pathology; percutaneous coronary intervention; procedures; virus pneumonia English 2020 2020-07-13 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e258 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
Article Beta-blocker Therapy at Discharge in Patients with Acute Heart Failure and Atrial Fibrillation Background: beta-blockers (BBs) are considered primary therapy in stable heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) without atrial fibrillation (AF); evidence-based benefits of BB on outcome have been documented. However, BBs have not been shown to improve mortality or reduce hospital admissions in HF patients with AF. This study assessed the relationship between BBs at discharge and relevant clinical outcomes in acute heart failure (AHF) patients with AF. Methods: From the Korean Acute Heart Failure Registry, 936 HFrEF and 639 HF patients with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and AF were selected. Propensity score (PS) matching accounted for BB selection bias when assessing associations. Results: BB-untreated patients in the overall cohort of HFrEF and HFpEF had greater deteriorated clinical and laboratory characteristics. In the 670 PS-matched cohort of HFrEF patients, incidences of all clinical events at 60 days and 1 year were not different according to use of BBs. In the 470 PS-matched cohort of HFpEF, rehospitalization and composite outcome at 6 months and 1 year more frequently occurred in non-users of BBs. After adjusting for covariates in the multivariable Cox model of matched cohorts, BB was not associated with clinical outcomes at 60 days and 1 year in HFrEF with AF patients. In HFpEF patients with AF, BB use was associated with reduced 6-month (hazard ratio [HR], 0.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.20-0.74) and 1-year rehospitalization (HR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.34-0.82). Conclusion: In the HFrEF with AF PS-matched cohort, the use of BBs at discharge was not associated with clinical outcome. However, in HFpEF with AF, the use of BB was associated with reduced rehospitalization during the 6-month and 1-year follow up. Ahn, Min-Soo; Yoo, Byung-Su; Son, Jung-Woo; Yu, Min Heui; Kang, Dae Ryong; Lee, Hae-Young; Jeon, Eun-Seok; Kim, Jae-Joong; Chae, Shung Chull; Baek, Sang Hong; Kang, Seok-Min; Choi, Dong-Ju; Kim, Kye Hun; Cho, Myeong-Chan; Kim, Seong Yoon Yonsei Univ, Dept Internal Med, Wonju Coll Med, 20 Ilsan Ro, Wonju 26426, South Korea; Yonsei Univ, Ctr Biomed Data Sci, Wonju Coll Med, Wonju, South Korea; Seoul Natl Univ Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Seoul, South Korea; Sungkyunkwan Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Seoul, South Korea; Univ Ulsan, Asan Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Coll Med, Seoul, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Daegu, South Korea; Catholic Univ Korea, Coll Med, Dept Internal Med, Seoul, South Korea; Yonsei Univ, Dept Internal Med, Coll Med, Seoul, South Korea; Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Internal Med, Bundang Hosp, Seongnam, South Korea; Chonnam Natl Univ, Dept Internal Med, Heart Res Ctr, Gwangju, South Korea; Chungbuk Natl Univ, Dept Internal Med, Coll Med, Cheongju, South Korea; MetroWest Med Ctr, Framingham, MA USA ; Jeong, Gi/AAB-2830-2021; Choi, Dong-Ju/J-5686-2012 23088120600; 7102851884; 57201929388; 57208844101; 7402889491; 56151235500; 7004279641; 36065764100; 7101962036; 7201371594; 7405685375; 35274349200; 56150430800; 7401727518; 57204504644 yubs@yonsei.ac.kr; JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE J KOREAN MED SCI 1011-8934 1598-6357 35 33 SCIE MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL 2020 2.153 54.8 0.4 2025-06-25 4 7 Heart Failure; Atrial Fibrillation; beta-blocker EJECTION FRACTION; MORTALITY; RISK; ASSOCIATION; OUTCOMES; RHYTHM Atrial fibrillation; Heart failure; ß-blocker Acute Disease; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Aged; Atrial Fibrillation; Cohort Studies; Female; Heart Failure; Hospitalization; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Patient Discharge; Progression-Free Survival; Propensity Score; Proportional Hazards Models; Registries; Stroke Volume; Survival Rate; beta adrenergic receptor blocking agent; acute disease; aged; atrial fibrillation; cohort analysis; complication; female; heart failure; heart stroke volume; hospital discharge; hospitalization; human; male; middle aged; mortality; pathology; propensity score; proportional hazards model; register; survival rate English 2020 2020-08-24 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e278 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
Article Bladder Regeneration Using a Polycaprolactone Scaffold with a Gradient Structure and Growth Factors in a Partially Cystectomized Rat Model Background: Tissue engineering can be used for bladder augmentation. However, conventional scaffolds result in fibrosis and graft shrinkage. This study applied an alternative polycaprolactone (PCL)-based scaffold (diameter = 5 mm) with a noble gradient structure and growth factors (GFs) (epidermal growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and basic fibroblast growth factor) to enhance bladder tissue regeneration in a rat model. Methods: Partially excised urinary bladders of 5-week-old male Slc:SD rats were reconstructed with the scaffold (scaffold group) or the scaffold combined with GFs (GF group) and compared with sham-operated (control group) and untreated rats (partial cystectomy group). Evaluations of bladder volume, histology, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and molecular markers were performed at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after operation. Results: The bladder volumes of the scaffold and GF group recovered to the normal range, and those of the GF group showed more enhanced augmentation. Histological evaluations revealed that the GF group showed more organized urothelial lining, dense extracellular matrix, frequent angiogenesis, and enhanced smooth muscle bundle regeneration than the scaffold group. IHC for alpha-smooth muscle actin, pan-cytokeratin, alpha-bungarotoxin, and CD8 revealed that the GF group showed high formation of smooth muscle, blood vessel, urothelium, neuromuscular junction and low immunogenicity. Concordantly, real-time polymerase chain reaction experiments revealed that the GF group showed a higher expression of transcripts associated with smooth muscle and urothelial differentiation. In a 6-month in vivo safety analysis, the GF group showed normal histology. Conclusion: This study showed that a PCL scaffold with a gradient structure incorporating GFs improved bladder regeneration functionally and histologically. Kim, Ho Yong; Chun, So Young; Lee, Eun Hye; Kim, Bomi; Ha, Yun-Sok; Chung, Jae-Wook; Lee, Jun Nyung; Kim, Bum Soo; Oh, Se Heang; Kwon, Tae Gyun Dankook Univ, Dept Nanobiomed Sci, 119 Dandae Ro, Cheonan 31116, South Korea; Dankook Univ, BK21 PLUS NBM Global Res Ctr Regenerat Med, 119 Dandae Ro, Cheonan 31116, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ Hosp, BioMed Res Inst, Daegu, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ Hosp, Joint Inst Regenerat Med, Daegu, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ Hosp, Dept Urol, Daegu, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Med, Dept Urol, Daegu, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Urol, Chilgok Hosp, 807 Hoguk Ro, Daegu 41404, South Korea ; Lee, Eun-Hye/KDN-5679-2024; Kim, Soo-Yeon/ADR-9663-2022 57189646888; 8688166900; 57189661699; 57218929773; 35487226400; 35204798500; 16301364600; 57202817150; 7404104355; 15073765400 seheangoh@dankook.ac.kr;tgkwon@knu.ac.kr; JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE J KOREAN MED SCI 1011-8934 1598-6357 35 41 SCIE MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL 2020 2.153 54.8 0.24 2025-06-25 5 6 Bladder Regeneration; Polycaprolactone Scaffold; Gradient Structure; Growth Factors ACELLULAR MATRIX GRAFT; SMOOTH-MUSCLE; BINDING; CELLS; EXPRESSION; MATURATION Bladder Regeneration; Gradient Structure; Growth Factors; Polycaprolactone Scaffold Animals; Cell Differentiation; Cystectomy; Disease Models, Animal; Epidermal Growth Factor; Gene Expression Regulation; Keratins; Male; Muscle, Smooth; MyoD Protein; Polyesters; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Regeneration; Urinary Bladder; Urothelium; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; epidermal growth factor; keratin; MyoD protein; polycaprolactone; polyester; vasculotropin A; animal; bladder; cell differentiation; chemistry; cystectomy; cytology; disease model; drug effect; gene expression regulation; genetics; male; metabolism; pathology; physiology; rat; regeneration; smooth muscle; Sprague Dawley rat; surgery; urothelium English 2020 2020-10-26 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e374 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기 바로가기
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Keywords (SCOPUS) 저자가 논문에서 직접 지정한 키워드입니다. SCOPUS에 등록된 저자 키워드 목록입니다.
KeywordsPlus (SCOPUS) SCOPUS에서 자동으로 추출하거나 추가한 색인 키워드입니다.
Language 논문이 작성된 언어입니다. 대부분 English이며, 그 외 다양한 언어로 작성된 논문이 포함될 수 있습니다.
Publication Year 논문이 출판된 연도입니다.
Publication Date 논문의 정확한 출판 날짜입니다 (년-월-일 형식).
DOI Digital Object Identifier. 디지털 객체 식별자로, 논문을 고유하게 식별하는 영구적인 식별번호입니다. 이를 통해 논문의 온라인 위치를 찾을 수 있습니다.