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| WoS | SCOPUS | Document Type | Document Title | Abstract | Authors | Affiliation | ResearcherID (WoS) | AuthorsID (SCOPUS) | Author Email(s) | Journal Name | JCR Abbreviation | ISSN | eISSN | Volume | Issue | WoS Edition | WoS Category | JCR Year | IF | JCR (%) | FWCI | FWCI Update Date | WoS Citation | SCOPUS Citation | Keywords (WoS) | KeywordsPlus (WoS) | Keywords (SCOPUS) | KeywordsPlus (SCOPUS) | Language | Publication Stage | Publication Year | Publication Date | DOI | JCR Link | DOI Link | WOS Link | SCOPUS Link |
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| ○ | ○ | Article | Hardware/Software Co-Design for TinyML Voice-Recognition Application on Resource Frugal Edge Devices | On-device artificial intelligence has attracted attention globally, and attempts to combine the internet of things and TinyML (machine learning) applications are increasing. Although most edge devices have limited resources, time and energy costs are important when running TinyML applications. In this paper, we propose a structure in which the part that preprocesses externally input data in the TinyML application is distributed to the hardware. These processes are performed using software in the microcontroller unit of an edge device. Furthermore, resistor-transistor logic, which perform not only windowing using the Hann function, but also acquire audio raw data, is added to the inter-integrated circuit sound module that collects audio data in the voice-recognition application. As a result of the experiment, the windowing function was excluded from the TinyML application of the embedded board. When the length of the hardware-implemented Hann window is 80 and the quantization degree is 2 - 5 , the exclusion causes a decrease in the execution time of the front-end function and energy consumption by 8.06% and 3.27%, respectively. | Kwon, Jisu; Park, Daejin | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea | 57215531728; 55463943600 | kjisu96@knu.ac.kr;boltanut@knu.ac.kr; | APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL | APPL SCI-BASEL | 2076-3417 | 11 | 22 | SCIE | CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;PHYSICS, APPLIED | 2021 | 2.838 | 41.9 | 1.33 | 2025-07-30 | 13 | 19 | TinyML; embedded system; field programmable gate array (FPGA); microcontroller unit (MCU); voice recognition; inter-IC sound ((IS)-S-2) | Embedded system; Field programmable gate array (FPGA); Inter-IC sound (I<sup>2</sup>S); Microcontroller unit (MCU); TinyML; Voice recognition | English | 2021 | 2021-11 | 10.3390/app112211073 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | |||||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Hierarchical Phoneme Classification for Improved Speech Recognition | Featured Application Automatic speech recognition; chatbot; voice-assisted control; multimodal man-machine interaction systems. Speech recognition consists of converting input sound into a sequence of phonemes, then finding text for the input using language models. Therefore, phoneme classification performance is a critical factor for the successful implementation of a speech recognition system. However, correctly distinguishing phonemes with similar characteristics is still a challenging problem even for state-of-the-art classification methods, and the classification errors are hard to be recovered in the subsequent language processing steps. This paper proposes a hierarchical phoneme clustering method to exploit more suitable recognition models to different phonemes. The phonemes of the TIMIT database are carefully analyzed using a confusion matrix from a baseline speech recognition model. Using automatic phoneme clustering results, a set of phoneme classification models optimized for the generated phoneme groups is constructed and integrated into a hierarchical phoneme classification method. According to the results of a number of phoneme classification experiments, the proposed hierarchical phoneme group models improved performance over the baseline by 3%, 2.1%, 6.0%, and 2.2% for fricative, affricate, stop, and nasal sounds, respectively. The average accuracy was 69.5% and 71.7% for the baseline and proposed hierarchical models, showing a 2.2% overall improvement. | Oh, Donghoon; Park, Jeong-Sik; Kim, Ji-Hwan; Jang, Gil-Jin | SK Holdings C&C, Gyeonggi Do 13558, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Hankuk Univ Foreign Studies, Dept English Linguist & Language Technol, Seoul 02450, South Korea; Sogang Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Seoul 04107, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea | 57202038410; 55119502600; 55720061900; 7102646102 | odh1501@gmail.com;parkjs@hufs.ac.kr;kimjihwan@sogang.ac.kr;gjang@knu.ac.kr; | APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL | APPL SCI-BASEL | 2076-3417 | 11 | 1 | SCIE | CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;PHYSICS, APPLIED | 2021 | 2.838 | 41.9 | 1.11 | 2025-07-30 | 14 | 18 | speech recognition; phoneme classification; clustering; recurrent neural networks | NEURAL-NETWORKS; CONSONANTS | Clustering; Phoneme classification; Recurrent neural networks; Speech recognition | English | 2021 | 2021-01 | 10.3390/app11010428 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Image Processing and QR Code Application Method for Construction Safety Management | Construction safety accidents occur due to a combination of factors. Even a minor accident that could have been treated as a simple injury can lead to a serious accident or death, depending on when and where it occurred. Currently, methods for tracking worker behavior to manage such construction safety accidents are being studied. However, applying the methods to the construction site, various additional elements (e.g., sensors, transmitters, wearing equipment, and control systems) that must be additionally installed and managed are required. The cost of installation and management of these factors increases in proportion to the size of the site and the number of targets to be managed. In addition, the application of new equipment and new rules lowers the work efficiency of workers. In this paper, the following contents are described: (1) system overview, (2) image processing-QR code-based safety management target recognition methodology, and (3) object location discrimination technique applying the geometric transformation. Finally, the proposed methodology was tested to confirm the operation in the field, and the experimental results and conclusions were described in the paper. | Kim, Joon-Soo; Yi, Chang-Yong; Park, Young-Jun | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Intelligent Construct Automat Ctr, Daegu 41566, South Korea | 57195320213; 36614886300; 57191258386 | kimjoonsoo@knu.ac.kr;cyyi@knu.ac.kr;py0307@knu.ac.kr; | APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL | APPL SCI-BASEL | 2076-3417 | 11 | 10 | SCIE | CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;PHYSICS, APPLIED | 2021 | 2.838 | 41.9 | 0.74 | 2025-07-30 | 8 | 11 | safety management; AI based; QR code; image processing; geometric transformation; yolo | WORKERS; RECOGNITION | AI based; Geometric transformation; Image processing; QR code; Safety management; Yolo | English | 2021 | 2021-05 | 10.3390/app11104400 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Impact of the Application of Computer-Based 3D Simulation on Acquisition of Knowledge of Guidance of Mandibular Movement | Recently, computer-aided three-dimensional (3D) simulation has expanded to modern education. This study aims to investigate the effects of 3D computer simulation on the learning and self-assessment of the guidance of the mandibular movement. Sixty second-grade dental students were randomly distributed into three groups in an occlusion class. Various teaching protocols were used for each group. Students in the first group (lecture (L)) were taught exclusively through a textbook and two-dimensional illustrations. The conventional lecture method followed by computer-aided 3D simulation was applied to the second group (lecture-to-simulation (LtS)). Lastly, students in the third group (lecture with simulation (LwS)) were simultaneously taught using the conventional lecture and computer-aided 3D simulation methods. After teaching each group, a paper-based examination was conducted; actual and expected scores were obtained on the same day as the occlusal class. Analyses of variance with Tukey's post-hoc analysis were used to compare the teaching protocols, whereas the independent t test was used for comparing between actual and expected scores (alpha = 0.05). The LwS group exhibited significantly higher actual and student-expected scores than the L and LtS groups (p < 0.001). The expected score was significantly lower than the actual score in the L group (p = 0.035). However, in the LtS and LwS groups, no statistical difference was observed between expected (p = 0.114) and actual (p = 0.685) scores. The distribution of actual scores in the grading systems indicated higher percentages of excellent (grade A) and good (grade B) scores in the LwS (96.7%) and LtS (79.7%) groups, respectively, than in the L group (53.4%). Using computer-aided 3D simulation to teach the guidance of mandibular movement improved the learning outcomes and self-assessment of students, especially when 3D simulation was combined with conventional lecturing. | Mai, Hai Yen; Mai, Hang-Nga; Woo, Hyun-Wook; Lee, Du-Hyeong | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Dent, Dept Prosthodont, Daegu 41940, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Inst Translat Res Dent, Daegu 41940, South Korea | ; Mai, Hang-Nga/Q-9865-2018 | 57217872800; 56964780900; 57201726465; 35770948000 | maihaiyen@knu.ac.kr;maihangnga1403@knu.ac.kr;itrd@knu.ac.kr;deweylee@knu.ac.kr; | APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL | APPL SCI-BASEL | 2076-3417 | 11 | 1 | SCIE | CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;PHYSICS, APPLIED | 2021 | 2.838 | 41.9 | 0.37 | 2025-07-30 | 4 | 6 | dental occlusion; simulation; visualization; computer software; learning effect; self-assessment; guidance; mandibular movement | Computer software; Dental occlusion; Guidance; Learning effect; Mandibular movement; Self-assessment; Simulation; Visualization | English | 2021 | 2021-01 | 10.3390/app11010060 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Importance of Image Enhancement and CDF for Fault Assessment of Photovoltaic Module Using IR Thermal Image | Infrared thermography is the science of measuring the infrared energy emitted by an object, translating it to apparent temperature variance, and displaying the result as an infrared image. Significantly, acquiring thermal images delivers distinctive levels of temperature differences in solar panels that correspond to their health status, which is beneficial for the early detection of defects. The proposed algorithm aims to analyze the thermal solar panel images. The acquired thermal solar panel images were segmented into solar cell sizes to provide more detailed information by region or cell area instead of the entire solar panel. This paper uses both the image histogram information and its corresponding cumulative distribution function (CDF), useful for image analysis. The acquired thermal solar panel images are enhanced using grayscale, histogram equalization, and adaptive histogram equalization to represent a domain that is easier to analyze. The experimental results reveal that the extraction results of thermal images provide better histogram and CDF features. Furthermore, the proposed scheme includes the convolutional neural network (CNN) for classifying the enhanced images, which shows that a 97% accuracy of classification was achieved. The proposed scheme could promote different thermal image applications-for example, non-physical visual recognition and fault detection analysis. | Kim, Bubryur; Juan, Ronnie O. Serfa; Lee, Dong-Eun; Chen, Zengshun | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Robot & Smart Syst Engn, 80 Daehak Ro, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Architecture Civil Environm & Energy Engn, 80 Daehak Ro, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Chongqing Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Chongqing 400045, Peoples R China | ; Serfa Juan, Ronnie/I-1924-2018 | 57198355299; 57189444986; 56605563300; 55866149500 | brkim@knu.ac.kr;ronnie71@naver.com;dolee@knu.ac.kr;zengshunchen@cqu.edu.cn; | APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL | APPL SCI-BASEL | 2076-3417 | 11 | 18 | SCIE | CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;PHYSICS, APPLIED | 2021 | 2.838 | 41.9 | 1.33 | 2025-07-30 | 15 | 20 | convolutional neural network (CNN); cumulative distribution function (CDF); fault diagnosis; image processing; infrared thermography; photovoltaic module; thermography | INFRARED THERMOGRAPHY; HEAT-TRANSFER; ENERGY | Convolutional neural network (CNN); Cumulative distribution function (CDF); Fault diagnosis; Image processing; Infrared thermography; Photovoltaic module; Thermography | English | 2021 | 2021-09 | 10.3390/app11188388 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | |||
| ○ | ○ | Article | In Vivo Positive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Brain Cancer (U87MG) Using Folic Acid-Conjugated Polyacrylic Acid-Coated Ultrasmall Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles | Featured Application Cancer-targeting T-1 magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent. Ultrasmall nanoparticles are potential candidates for application as high-performance imaging agents. Herein, we present the synthesis and characterization of folic acid (FA)-conjugated polyacrylic acid (PAA)-coated MnO nanoparticles with an average particle diameter of 2.7 nm. FA conferred cancer-targeting ability, while PAA conferred good colloidal stability and low cellular cytotoxicity on the FA-PAA-coated MnO nanoparticles. Further, the nanoparticles exhibited a high relaxivity (r(1)) value of 9.3 s(-1)mM(-1) (r(2)/r(1) = 2.2). Their application potential as cancer-targeting T-1 magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents was confirmed by their enhanced T-1 contrast enhancements at the brain cancer (U87MG) site upon intravenous administration to mice tails. | Marasini, Shanti; Yue, Huan; Ho, Son-Long; Park, Ji-Ae; Kim, Soyeon; Yang, Ji-Ung; Cha, Hyunsil; Liu, Shuwen; Tegafaw, Tirusew; Ahmad, Mohammad Yaseen; Al Saidi, Abdullah Khamis Ali; Zhao, Dejun; Liu, Ying; Chae, Kwon-Seok; Chang, Yongmin; Lee, Gang-Ho | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Coll Nat Sci, Dept Chem, Taegu 41566, South Korea; Korea Inst Radiol & Med Sci KIRAMS, Div Appl RI, Seoul 01812, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol Med, Taegu 41944, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Teachers Coll, Dept Biol Educ, Taegu 41566, South Korea | ; Liu, Shuwen/JAC-5203-2023; Ho, Son Long/P-3183-2015; Ahmad, Mohammad/AAH-2164-2020 | 57200329199; 57200329016; 55659242700; 16319690600; 57203773250; 57212217968; 57189728122; 57208926248; 55983618600; 57203054570; 57217492867; 57222567792; 57221731093; 15743626400; 7501840633; 7404851841 | shantimarasini.sm@gmail.com;20100819@hanmail.net;sonlongh@gmail.com;jpark@kirams.re.kr;ksy0188@kirams.re.kr;wjy11300@kirams.re.kr;hscha1002@daum.net;liushuwen0701@gmail.com;tegafawtirusew@yahoo.com;yaseen.knu@gmail.com;saidi@hotmail.com;djzhao.chem@gmail.com;perseverance_ly@outlook.com;kschae@knu.ac.kr;ychang@knu.ac.kr;ghlee@mail.knu.ac.kr; | APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL | APPL SCI-BASEL | 2076-3417 | 11 | 6 | SCIE | CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;PHYSICS, APPLIED | 2021 | 2.838 | 41.9 | 0.66 | 2025-07-30 | 10 | 10 | brain cancer; cancer targeting; folic acid; magnetic resonance imaging; ultrasmall manganese oxide nanoparticles | MRI CONTRAST; INORGANIC NANOPARTICLES; POLY(ACRYLIC ACID); MNO NANOPARTICLES; AGENTS; SURFACE; ADSORPTION; DELIVERY | Brain cancer; Cancer targeting; Folic acid; Magnetic resonance imaging; Ultrasmall manganese oxide nanoparticles | English | 2021 | 2021-03 | 10.3390/app11062596 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | |||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Incorporation of Potential Fields and Motion Primitives for the Collision Avoidance of Unmanned Aircraft | Collision avoidance (CA) using the artificial potential field (APF) usually faces several known issues such as local minima and dynamically infeasible problems, so unmanned aerial vehicles' (UAVs) paths planned based on the APF are safe only in a certain environment. This research proposes a CA approach that combines the APF and motion primitives (MPs) to tackle the known problems associated with the APF. Since MPs solve for a locally optimal trajectory with respect to allocated time, the trajectory obtained by the MPs is verified as dynamically feasible. When a collision checker based on the k-d tree search algorithm detects collision risk on extracted sample points from the planned trajectory, generating re-planned path candidates to avoid obstacles is performed. After rejecting unsafe route candidates, one applies the APF to select the best route among the remaining safe-path candidates. To validate the proposed approach, we simulated two meaningful scenario cases-the presence of static obstacles situation with local minima and dynamic environments with multiple UAVs present. The simulation results show that the proposed approach provides smooth, efficient, and dynamically feasible pathing compared to the APF. | Lee, Kyuman; Choi, Daegyun; Kim, Donghoon | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Robot & Smart Syst Engn, 80 Daehakro, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Univ Cincinnati, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA | Kim, Donghoon/ABB-2696-2021; lee, kyuman/AAM-6979-2020 | 57193932345; 57219363030; 57223664471 | klee400@knu.ac.kr;choidg@mail.uc.edu;Donghoon.Kim@uc.edu; | APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL | APPL SCI-BASEL | 2076-3417 | 11 | 7 | SCIE | CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;PHYSICS, APPLIED | 2021 | 2.838 | 41.9 | 0.96 | 2025-07-30 | 8 | 14 | collision avoidance; obstacle avoidance; path planning; artificial potential field; motion primitives; unmanned aerial vehicle; dynamically feasible trajectory | OBSTACLE AVOIDANCE; SYSTEMS; UAVS | Artificial potential field; Collision avoidance; Dynamically feasible trajectory; Motion primitives; Obstacle avoidance; Path planning; Unmanned aerial vehicle | English | 2021 | 2021-04 | 10.3390/app11073103 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | |||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Increased Expression of TGF-β1 by 4-hexylresorcinol Is Mediated by Endoplasmic Reticulum and Mitochondrial Stress in Human Umbilical Endothelial Vein Cells | In our previous study, 4-hexylresorcinol (4HR) increased the expression level of vascular endothelial growth factor in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) via the transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1)-mediated pathway. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondrial stress is a positive regulator of cellular differentiation. As TGF-beta 1 is a master regulator for cellular differentiation, 4HR treatment may increase TGF-beta 1 expression via ER stress. In this study, HUVECs were treated using 4HR (1-100 mu M) for 24 h. The 4HR treatment increased ER stress-associated markers and mitochondrial stress. Increased TGF-beta 1 expression by 4HR administration was alleviated by tauroursodeoxycholate (ER stress inhibitor) treatment. Combining these activities with the elevated acetylation level of histone 3 (H3) by 4HR treatment, TGF-beta 1 expression was increased in HUVECs. Overall, 4HR increased TGF-beta 1 expression through upregulation of the stress response of ER as well as H3 acetylation in HUVECs. | Kim, Jwa-Young; Kim, Dae-Won; Lee, Suk Keun; Choi, Je-Yong; Che, Xiangguo; Kim, Seong-Gon; Garagiola, Umberto | Hallym Univ, Med Ctr, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hosp, 1 Singil Ro, Seoul 07441, South Korea; Gangneung Wonju Natl Univ, Coll Dent, Dept Oral Biochem, Kangnung 28644, South Korea; Inst Hydrogen Magnet React Gene Regulat, Daejeon 34140, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Skeletal Dis Anal Ctr, Korea Mouse Phenotyping Ctr KMPC, Dept Biochem & Cell Biol,Cell & Matrix Res Inst,S, Daegu 41944, South Korea; Gangneung Wonju Natl Univ, Coll Dent, Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Surg, Kangnung 28644, South Korea; Univ Milan, Sch Dent, Maxillofacial & Dent Unit, Biomed Surg & Oral Sci Dept, I-20122 Milan, Italy | Kim, Seong-Gon/AAF-7553-2020; Choi, Je-Yong/AAR-7334-2021; Garagiola, Umberto/AAM-2220-2020 | 35368445600; 56194913400; 16417454200; 7501391068; 54792660600; 27171913700; 8583947500 | jwayoung@hanmail.net;kimdw@gwnu.ac.kr;sukkeunlee@hanmail.net;jechoi@knu.ac.kr;xiangguo0622@naver.com;kimsg@gwnu.ac.kr;umberto.garagiola@unimi.it; | APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL | APPL SCI-BASEL | 2076-3417 | 11 | 19 | SCIE | CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;PHYSICS, APPLIED | 2021 | 2.838 | 41.9 | 0.74 | 2025-07-30 | 10 | 11 | 4-hexylresorcinol; TGF-beta 1; endoplasmic reticulum; mitochondria; ATP | TRANSLATION; INVOLVEMENT; SUPPRESSION; NAD(+) | 4-hexylresorcinol; ATP; Endoplasmic reticulum; Mitochondria; TGF-β1 | English | 2021 | 2021-10 | 10.3390/app11199128 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | |||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Integrating Schedule Risk Analysis with Multi-Skilled Resource Scheduling to Improve Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling Problems | Construction projects are planned in a complex and dynamic environment characterized by high risks and uncertainties amidst resource constraints. Assessing construction schedule risk facilitates informed decision-making, especially in a resource-constrained situation, and allows proactive actions to be taken so that project objectives are not jeopardized. This study presents a stochastic multiskilled resource scheduling (SMSRS) model for resource-constrained project scheduling problems (RCSPSP) considering the impact of risk and uncertainty on activity durations. The SMSRS model was developed by integrating a schedule risk analysis (SRA) model (developed in MS Excel) with an existing multiskilled resource scheduling (MSRS) algorithm for the development of a feasible and realistic schedule. The computational experiment carried out on three case projects using the proposed SMSRS model revealed an average percentage deviation of 10.50%, indicating the inherent risk and uncertainty in activity durations of the project schedule. The core contribution of the proposed SMSRS model is that it: (1) presents project practitioners with a simple tool for assessing the risks and uncertainty associated with resource-constrained project schedules so that necessary response actions can be taken to ensure project success; (2) provides the small-scale construction businesses with an affordable tool for evaluating schedule risk and developing a feasible and realistic project schedule. | Isah, Muritala Adebayo; Kim, Byung-Soo | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Civil Engn, 80 Daehakro, Daegu 41566, South Korea | 57221472794; 57013677400 | isahmuritala@knu.ac.kr;bskim65@knu.ac.kr; | APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL | APPL SCI-BASEL | 2076-3417 | 11 | 2 | SCIE | CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;PHYSICS, APPLIED | 2021 | 2.838 | 41.9 | 1.48 | 2025-07-30 | 19 | 24 | schedule risk analysis; risk; uncertainty; multiskilled resource scheduling; resource-constrained project scheduling problems; construction projects | Construction projects; Multiskilled resource scheduling; Resource‐con-strained project scheduling problems; Risk; Schedule risk analysis; Uncertainty | English | 2021 | 2021-01 | 10.3390/app11020650 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | |||||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Intersection-Based Routing with Fuzzy Multi-Factor Decision for VANETs | Due to the limitations of the urban environment, the data transferred between vehicles can only change direction at the intersections. Therefore, the routing decision at an intersection will largely affect the overall routing decision. In this article, we propose an Intersection-Based Routing with Fuzzy Multi-Factor Decision (IRFMF), which utilizes several factors to decide the next road segment. In the scheme, each intersection introduces three factors including the direction, the number of lanes, and the traffic. After the fuzzification and defuzzification of these factors, the candidate segment with the highest evaluation will be selected. The simulation shows a significant improvement of VANETs performance on packet delivery ratio and end-to-end delay. | Cao, Zhenbo; Fan, Zujie; Kim, Jaesoo | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Comp Sci & Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea | Cao, Zhenbo/AAA-3489-2022; Kim, Jaesoo/GYQ-9324-2022 | 57145726600; 57226686784; 57191684854 | czb0909@knu.ac.kr;2020224076@knu.ac.kr;kjs@knu.ac.kr; | APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL | APPL SCI-BASEL | 2076-3417 | 11 | 16 | SCIE | CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;PHYSICS, APPLIED | 2021 | 2.838 | 41.9 | 0.3 | 2025-07-30 | 3 | 4 | VANET; multi-factor; fuzzification; defuzzification; intersection; routing protocol | TRAFFIC-LIGHT; PROTOCOL; ALGORITHM | Defuzzification; Fuzzification; Intersection; Multi‐factor; Routing protocol; VANET | English | 2021 | 2021-08 | 10.3390/app11167304 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | |||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Low-Power Beam-Switching Technique for Power-Efficient Collaborative IoT Edge Devices | Collaborative beamforming (CB) enables uplink transmission in a wireless sensor network (WSN) composed of sensors (nodes) and far-away access points (APs). It can also be applied to the case where the sensors are equipped with beam-switching structures (BSSs). However, as the antenna arrays of the BSSs are randomly headed due to the irregular mounting surface, some sensors form beams that do not illuminate a desired AP and waste their limited energy. Therefore, to resolve this problem, it is required to switch the beams toward the desired AP. While an exhaustive search can provide the globally optimal combination, a greedy search (GS) is utilized to solve this optimization problem efficiently. Simulation and experimental results verify that under certain conditions the proposed algorithm can drive the sensors to switch their beams properly and increase the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) significantly with low computational complexity and energy consumption. | Oh, Semyoung; Park, Daejin | Texas A&M Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea | 56037623000; 55463943600 | semyoung.oh.air@tamu.edu;boltanut@knu.ac.kr; | APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL | APPL SCI-BASEL | 2076-3417 | 11 | 4 | SCIE | CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;PHYSICS, APPLIED | 2021 | 2.838 | 41.9 | 0.3 | 2025-07-30 | 1 | 4 | IoT; low-power; collaborative beamforming; beam switching; greedy search | WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS; INTERNET; ANTENNAS; MODEL | Beam switching; Collaborative beamforming; Greedy search; IoT; Low-power | English | 2021 | 2021-02 | 10.3390/app11041608 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Marginal and Internal Fit of Ceramic Prostheses Fabricated from Different Chairside CAD/CAM Systems: An In Vitro Study | The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate marginal and internal fits of ceramic crowns fabricated with chairside computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) systems. An experimental model based on ISO 12836:2015 was digitally scanned with different intraoral scanners (Omnicam (CEREC), EZIS PO (DDS), and CS3500 (Carestream)). Ceramic crowns were fabricated using the CAD/CAM process recommended by each system (CEREC, EZIS, and Carestream systems; N = 15). The 3-dimensional (3D) marginal and internal fit of each ceramic crown was measured using a 3D inspection software (Geomagic control X). Differences among the systems and various measurements were evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Statistically significant differences were validated using pairwise comparisons (alpha = 0.05). Occlusal gaps in the CEREC, EZIS, and Carestream groups were 113.0, 161.3, and 438.2 mu m, respectively (p < 0.001). The axial gaps were 83.4, 78.0, and 107.9 mu m, respectively. The marginal gaps were 77.8, 99.3, and 60.6 mu m, respectively, and the whole gaps were 85.9, 107.3, and 214.0 mu m, respectively. Significant differences were observed with the EZIS system compared with the other two systems in terms of the marginal gap sizes. The CEREC system showed no significant differences among the four measured regions. However, the EZIS and Carestream systems did show a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). All three systems were judged to be capable of fabricating clinically acceptable prostheses, because the marginal gap, which is the most important factor in the marginal fit of prostheses, was recorded to be below 100 mu m in all three systems. | Son, Keunbada; Lee, Kyu-Bok | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Grad Sch, Dept Dent Sci, Daegu 41940, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Adv Dent Device Dev Inst, Daegu 41940, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Dent, Dept Prosthodont, Daegu 41940, South Korea | Son, Keunbada/AAG-8089-2019; SON, Keunbada/AAG-8089-2019 | 57202916520; 15925571200 | sonkeunbada@gmail.com;kblee@knu.ac.kr; | APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL | APPL SCI-BASEL | 2076-3417 | 11 | 2 | SCIE | CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;PHYSICS, APPLIED | 2021 | 2.838 | 41.9 | 0.59 | 2025-07-30 | 10 | 10 | marginal and internal fit; ceramic; dentistry; chairside dental CAD; CAM | Ceramic; Chairside dental CAD/CAM; Dentistry; Marginal and internal fit | English | 2021 | 2021-01 | 10.3390/app11020857 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Mechanical Properties of White Metal on SCM440 Alloy Steel by Laser Cladding Treatment | The bearing is a machine element that plays an important role in rotating the shaft of a machine while supporting its weight and load. Numerous bearings have been developed to improve durability and life, depending on the functions and operating conditions in which they are desired. White metal is one of method to improve durability that is soft and bonded to the inner surface of the bearing to protect the bearing shaft. Currently, the centrifugal casting process is used as a white metal lamination method, but it involves problems such as long processing times, high defect rates and harmful health effects. In this paper, a laser cladding treatment is applied to bond powdered white metal to SCM440 alloy steel, which is used as bearing material in terms of replacing the risks of a centrifugal process. In order to understand whether laser cladding is a suitable process, this paper compares the mechanical properties of white metal produced on SCM440 alloy steel by centrifugal casting and the laser cladding process. The laser power, powder feed rate and laser head speed factors are varied to understand the mechanical properties and measure the hardness using micro Vickers and conduct field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and friction testing to understand the mechanical properties and surface characteristics. Based on the results, the hardness values of the cladding (white metal) layer ranged between 24 and 26 HV in both the centrifugal casting and laser cladding methods. However, the hardness of the white metal produced by laser cladding at about a depth of 0.1 mm rose rapidly in the cladding process, forming a heat-affected zone (HAZ) with an average hardness value of 200 HV at a laser power of 1.1 kW, 325 HV at 1.3 kW and 430 HV at 1.5 kW. The surface friction testing results revealed no significant differences in the friction coefficient between the centrifugal casting and laser cladding methods, which allows the assumption that the processing method does not significantly influence the friction coefficient. | Jeong, Jae-Il; Kim, Jong-Hyoung; Choi, Si-Geun; Cho, Young Tae; Kim, Chan-Kyu; Lee, Ho | Korea Inst Ind Technol KITECH, Yeongju 36144, South Korea; Changwon Natl Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Chang Won 51140, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Coll Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea | Kim, Seok-Hwan/G-9981-2015; Kim, Hyung-Kwan/ITU-6159-2023 | 57222347508; 35753433900; 54880449100; 57206971050; 57216201307; 26660670700 | jjihot7878@kitech.re.kr;jongkim@kitech.re.kr;tribology@kitech.re.kr;ytcho@changwon.ac.kr;cgh0318@changwon.ac.kr;holee@knu.ac.kr; | APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL | APPL SCI-BASEL | 2076-3417 | 11 | 6 | SCIE | CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;PHYSICS, APPLIED | 2021 | 2.838 | 41.9 | 0.37 | 2025-07-30 | 2 | 5 | bearing; laser cladding; mechanical properties; surface friction; white metal | OPTIMIZATION; COATINGS; TOOL | Bearing; Laser cladding; Mechanical properties; Surface friction; White metal | English | 2021 | 2021-03 | 10.3390/app11062836 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | |||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Mechanical Property Comparison of Ni-Cr-Mo Alloys Fabricated via One Conventional and Two New Digital Manufacturing Techniques | This study compared the microstructures and mechanical properties of nickel-chromium-molybdenum (Ni-Cr-Mo) alloys prepared from a single alloy with an identical composition using two new digital processes (selective laser melting (SLM) and soft metal milling (SMM)) and conventional lost-wax casting (LWC). Disc specimens were used to study the microstructures via various analytical methods, while dumbbell-shaped specimens were subjected to tension to determine the mechanical properties (n = 6). The SLM and SMM alloys showed a higher number of large and small pores, respectively, than the LWC alloy. A face-centered cubic (gamma)-phased matrix was indexed for all three resultant alloys. The SLM and SMM alloys also showed more homogeneously distributed elements and finer grains (in particular, ultrafine grains in the SLM alloy) when compared to the LWC alloy. Meanwhile, the LWC alloy showed a statistically higher yield strength than the other two alloys (p 500 MPa; percentage elongation: > 2%; and elastic modulus: > 150 GPa). | Yang, Kyung-Ran; Hanawa, Takao; Kwon, Tae-Yub; Min, Bong-Ki; Hong, Min-Ho | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Grad Sch, Dept Dent, 2177 Dalgubeol Daero, Daegu 41940, South Korea; Tokyo Med & Dent Univ, Inst Biomat & Bioengn, Dept Metall Biomat, Chiyoda Ku, 2-3-10 Kanda Surugadai, Tokyo 1010062, Japan; Ctr Adv Med Engn Res & Dev, Chuo Ku, 1-5-1 Minatojimaminamimachi, Kobe, Hyogo 6500047, Japan; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Dent, Dept Dent Biomat, 2177 Dalgubeol Daero, Daegu 41940, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Inst Biomat Res & Dev, 2177 Dalgubeol Daero, Daegu 41940, South Korea; Yeungnam Univ, Ctr Res Facil, 280 Daehak Ro, Gyongsan 38541, South Korea; Catholic Univ Pusan, Coll Hlth Sci, Dept Dent Lab Sci, 57 Oryundae Ro, Busan 46252, South Korea | ; Hanawa, Takao/A-7947-2011 | 59280124800; 55532801000; 7202206084; 57211058922; 57192705343 | ddsykr@hanmail.net;hanawa.met@tmd.ac.jp;tykwon@knu.ac.kr;bkmin@ynu.ac.kr;mhhong@cup.ac.kr; | APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL | APPL SCI-BASEL | 2076-3417 | 11 | 19 | SCIE | CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;PHYSICS, APPLIED | 2021 | 2.838 | 41.9 | 0.37 | 2025-07-30 | 5 | 5 | nickel-chromium alloy; selective laser melting; soft metal milling; mechanical properties | COBALT-CHROMIUM; BIOCOMPATIBILITY; MICROSTRUCTURE; MOLYBDENUM; PORCELAIN; BEHAVIOR | Mechanical properties; Nickel–chromium alloy; Selective laser melting; Soft metal milling | English | 2021 | 2021-10 | 10.3390/app11199308 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | |||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Memory and Cache Contention Denial-of-Service Attack in Mobile Edge Devices | In this paper, we introduce a memory and cache contention denial-of-service attack and its hardware-based countermeasure. Our attack can significantly degrade the performance of the benign programs by hindering the shared resource accesses of the benign programs. It can be achieved by a simple C-based malicious code while degrading the performance of the benign programs by 47.6% on average. As another side-effect, our attack also leads to greater energy consumption of the system by 2.1x on average, which may cause shorter battery life in the mobile edge devices. We also propose detection and mitigation techniques for thwarting our attack. By analyzing L1 data cache miss request patterns, we effectively detect the malicious program for the memory and cache contention denial-of-service attack. For mitigation, we propose using instruction fetch width throttling techniques to restrict the malicious accesses to the shared resources. When employing our malicious program detection with the instruction fetch width throttling technique, we recover the system performance and energy by 92.4% and 94.7%, respectively, which means that the adverse impacts from the malicious programs are almost removed. | Cho, Won; Kong, Joonho | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea | 57222510258; 25927220400 | jowon@knu.ac.kr;joonho.kong@knu.ac.kr; | APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL | APPL SCI-BASEL | 2076-3417 | 11 | 5 | SCIE | CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;PHYSICS, APPLIED | 2021 | 2.838 | 41.9 | 0 | 2025-07-30 | 0 | 0 | memory and cache contention; denial of service attack; shared resources; performance; energy | EXECUTABLES | Denial of service attack; Energy; Memory and cache contention; Performance; Shared resources | English | 2021 | 2021-03 | 10.3390/app11052385 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 |
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