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| WoS | SCOPUS | Document Type | Document Title | Abstract | Authors | Affiliation | ResearcherID (WoS) | AuthorsID (SCOPUS) | Author Email(s) | Journal Name | JCR Abbreviation | ISSN | eISSN | Volume | Issue | WoS Edition | WoS Category | JCR Year | IF | JCR (%) | FWCI | FWCI Update Date | WoS Citation | SCOPUS Citation | Keywords (WoS) | KeywordsPlus (WoS) | Keywords (SCOPUS) | KeywordsPlus (SCOPUS) | Language | Publication Stage | Publication Year | Publication Date | DOI | JCR Link | DOI Link | WOS Link | SCOPUS Link |
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| ○ | ○ | Article | Effect of silt uniformity on the liquefaction resistance of sand-silt mixtures | Literature review revealed that effects of particle segregation and silt uniformity on the liquefaction resistance of sand-silt mixtures are not well understood. Therefore, cyclic direct simple shear tests were conducted to investigate effects of silt uniformity and stratified structures on the liquefaction resistance of sand-silt mixtures with 0%-40% fines content (FC). FC ). For all uniform sand-silt mixtures, as FC increased up to 20%, liquefaction resistance decreased, while it increased as FC increased from 20% to 40%. The liquefaction resistance of the samples with uniform silt only in the top and bottom layers was slightly higher than that of a uniform sample (USM), USM ), while the cyclic strength of the samples with silt concentrated in the middle layer was greater (up to 23%) than that of other nonuniform samples. USM exhibited the least liquefaction resistance. In addition, the number of silt layers ( NoSLs ) substantially affected the liquefaction resistance of stratified structures: as NoSLs increased from 1 to 3 layers, the cyclic resistance ratio was reduced by 20%, 10%, and 7% for FC values of 20%, 30%, and 40%, respectively. The liquefaction resistance of the stratified samples was greater than that of USM. . To quantify the effect of silt uniformity and NoSLs, the nonuniformity index ( NUI ) was introduced herein; the calculated NUI values showed that the increase in liquefaction resistance was well correlated with the increase in the NUI. | Park, Sung-Sik; Woo, Seung-Wook; Nguyen, Tan-No; Tran, Dong-Kiem-Lam | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Civil Engn, 80 Daehakro, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Univ Architecture Ho Chi Minh City, Dept Civil Engn, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam | Tran, Dong-Kiem-Lam/KLY-3827-2024 | 36241850300; 57212917862; 57862912800; 57217738208 | sungpark@knu.ac.kr;geowsw@knu.ac.kr;tannonguyen.ce@gmail.com;lam.trandongkiem@uah.edu.vn; | SOILS AND FOUNDATIONS | SOILS FOUND | 0038-0806 | 2524-1788 | 64 | 5 | SCIE | ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL;GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY | 2024 | 3.3 | 29.7 | 0 | 2025-05-07 | 1 | 1 | Silt uniformity; Soil segregation; Stratified structure; Nonuniformity index | BEHAVIOR; FINES; NONUNIFORMITIES; SETTLEMENT; TESTS | Nonuniformity index; Silt uniformity; Soil segregation; Stratified structure | Sand; Silt; Soil liquefaction; Direct simple shears; Fines content; Liquefaction resistance; Literature reviews; Nonuniformity; Nonuniformity index; Particle segregation; Silt uniformity; Soil segregation; Stratified structure; Segregation (metallography) | English | 2024 | 2024-10 | 10.1016/j.sandf.2024.101507 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | |
| ○ | ○ | Article | Efficiency Analysis of Powertrain for Internal Combustion Engine and Hydrogen Fuel Cell Tractor According to Agricultural Operations | As interest in eco-friendly work vehicles grows, research on the powertrains of eco-friendly tractors has increased, including research on the development of eco-friendly vehicles (tractors) using hydrogen fuel cell power packs and batteries. However, batteries require a long time to charge and have a short operating time due to their low energy efficiency compared with hydrogen fuel cell power packs. Therefore, recent studies have focused on the development of tractors using hydrogen fuel cell power packs; however, there is a lack of research on powertrain performance analysis considering actual working conditions. To evaluate vehicle performance, an actual load measurement during agricultural operation must be conducted. The objective of this study was to conduct an efficiency analysis of powertrains according to their power source using data measured during agricultural operations. A performance evaluation with respect to efficiency was performed through comparison and an analysis with internal combustion engine tractors of the same level. The specifications of the transmission for hydrogen fuel cell and engine tractors were used in this study. The power loss and efficiency of the transmission were calculated using ISO 14179-1 equations, as shown below. Plow tillage and rotary tillage operations were conducted for data measurement. The measurement system consists of four components. The engine data load measurement was calculated using the vehicle's controller area network (CAN) data, the axle load was measured using an axle torque meter and proximity sensors, and fuel consumption was measured using the sensor installed on the fuel line. The calculated capacities, considering the engine's fuel efficiency for plow and rotary tillage operations, were 131.2 and 175.1 kWh, respectively. The capacity of the required power, considering the powertrain's efficiency for hydrogen fuel cell tractors with respect to plow and rotary tillage operations, was calculated using the efficiency of the motor, inverter, and power pack, and 51.3 and 62.9 kWh were the values obtained, respectively. Considering these factors, the engine exhibited an efficiency of about 47.9% compared with the power pack in the case of plow tillage operations, and the engine exhibited an efficiency of about 29.3% in the case of rotary tillage operations. A hydrogen fuel cell tractor is considered suitable for high-efficiency and eco-friendly vehicles because it can operate on eco-friendly power sources while providing the advantages of a motor. | Jeon, Hyeon-Ho; Baek, Seung-Yun; Baek, Seung-Min; Choi, Jang-Young; Kim, Yeon-Soo; Kim, Wan-Soo; Kim, Yong-Joo | Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Smart Agr Syst, Daejeon 34134, South Korea; Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Daejeon 34134, South Korea; Pusan Natl Univ, Dept Bioind Machinery Engn, Miryang 50463, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Bioind Machinery Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Upland Field Machinery Res Ctr, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Biosyst Machinery Engn, Daejeon 34134, South Korea | ; Kim, Soo-Yeon/ADR-9663-2022; Kim, Yong-Joo/AAK-1840-2021 | 57204036949; 57216612175; 57204040500; 7501393348; 57192923355; 57192918810; 57204759454 | jhh0428@o.cnu.ac.kr;kelpie0037@cnu.ac.kr;baeksm@cnu.ac.kr;choi_jy@cnu.ac.kr;yskim23@pusan.ac.kr;wansoo.kim@knu.ac.kr;babina@cnu.ac.kr; | SENSORS | SENSORS-BASEL | 1424-8220 | 24 | 17 | SCIE | CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL;ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC;INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION | 2024 | 3.5 | 29.7 | 0.38 | 2025-05-07 | 2 | 3 | hydrogen fuel cell tractor; powertrain; efficiency analysis; load measurement system; agricultural operation | STRATEGY; SYSTEM | agricultural operation; efficiency analysis; hydrogen fuel cell tractor; load measurement system; powertrain | Agricultural robots; Algae control; Antiknock compounds; Biofuels; Charging time; Fertilizers; Frost protection; Fumigation; Hydrogen engines; Soaking pits; Torque meters; Tractors (agricultural); Wool; hydrogen; Agricultural operations; Eco-friendly; Efficiency analysis; Hydrogen fuel cell tractor; Hydrogen fuel cells; Load measurement system; Loads measurements; Measurement system; Power packs; Rotary tillages; article; controlled study; energy resource; fuel; internal combustion engine; operation duration; proximity sensor; sensor; tillage; torque; Axles | English | 2024 | 2024-09 | 10.3390/s24175494 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Enlarged Eye-Box Accommodation-Capable Augmented Reality with Hologram Replicas | Augmented reality (AR) technology has been widely applied across a variety of fields, with head-up displays (HUDs) being one of its prominent uses, offering immersive three-dimensional (3D) experiences and interaction with digital content and the real world. AR-HUDs face challenges such as limited field of view (FOV), small eye-box, bulky form factor, and absence of accommodation cue, often compromising trade-offs between these factors. Recently, optical waveguide based on pupil replication process has attracted increasing attention as an optical element for its compact form factor and exit-pupil expansion. Despite these advantages, current waveguide displays struggle to integrate visual information with real scenes because they do not produce accommodation-capable virtual content. In this paper, we introduce a lensless accommodation-capable holographic system based on a waveguide. Our system aims to expand the eye-box at the optimal viewing distance that provides the maximum FOV. We devised a formalized CGH algorithm based on bold assumption and two constraints and successfully performed numerical observation simulation. In optical experiments, accommodation-capable images with a maximum horizontal FOV of 7.0 degrees were successfully observed within an expanded eye-box of 9.18 mm at an optimal observation distance of 112 mm. | Moon, Woonchan; Hahn, Joonku | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, 80 Daehak Ro, Daegu 41566, South Korea | 56340460500; 10142501600 | wcmoon@office.knu.ac.kr;jhahn@knu.ac.kr; | SENSORS | SENSORS-BASEL | 1424-8220 | 24 | 12 | SCIE | CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL;ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC;INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION | 2024 | 3.5 | 29.7 | 0.38 | 2025-05-07 | 1 | 1 | augmented reality (AR); waveguide; holographic display; computer generated hologram | HEAD-UP DISPLAY; WAVE-GUIDE; DESIGN; DEPTH | augmented reality (AR); computer generated hologram; holographic display; waveguide | Approximation theory; Augmented reality; Computer generated holography; Economic and social effects; Electron holography; Holograms; 3d experiences; 3D interactions; Augmented reality; Augmented reality technology; Computergenerated holograms (CGH); Field of views; Form factors; Head-UpDisplay; Heads-up-display; Immersive; accommodation; algorithm; article; augmented reality; human; microphthalmia; pupil; simulation; smart glasses; visual information; Holographic displays | English | 2024 | 2024-06 | 10.3390/s24123930 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | |||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Impact of internal heat generation/absorption on MHD conjugate flow of aqueous-MWCNT nanofluid in a porous annulus | This study deals with a numerical investigation of conjugate heat transfer phenomena in a porous enclosure subjected to magnetic field with internal heat generation/absorption. The physical domain of the numerical model encompasses a vertical annulus with a thick inner cylinder wall, where the porous annular region is saturated with an aqueous-MWCNT nanofluid. In this model, the momentum equation includes the non-Darcy viscous terms and additional body term to accurately represent the influence of porous media and magnetic fields on the flow behavior. To estimate conjugate heat transfer phenomena, the energy conservation equations for the solid wall and the fluid-saturated porous region are solved simultaneously. The finite difference technique is used to solve the non-dimensionalized governing equations, and validated against existing studies. Using the proposed model, a series of numerical calculations is performed for various parameters including Hartmann number (Ha=0 similar to 50), Darcy number (Da=10(-5)similar to 10(-1)), thermal conductivity ratio (Kr=0.1 similar to 10), dimensionless solid wall thickness (epsilon=0.1 similar to 0.5), nanoparticle concentration (epsilon=0 similar to 0.05), and dimensionless internal heat generation/absorption rate (epsilon=-10 similar to 10). The numerical results reveal that a significant improvement in thermal transport can be achieved by increasing either Da or Kr: An increment in Da from 10-5 to 10-1, for example, results in 95.6% increase in the flow circulation rate. Either a decrease in Q or an increase in Phi also contributes to enhancing the heat dissipation rate. For instance, there is a 16.6% reduction in heat dissipation rate for internal heat generation (Q=10) case compared to internal heat absorption (Q=-10) case. On the other hand, an increase in either Ha or epsilon results in a suppression in flow and heat transport. Among the considered range of parameters, greater heat dissipation could be obtained for Da = 10(-1), Kr = 10, epsilon=0.1, and Ha <10. These findings can expand our understanding of natural circulation and heat transfer within the fluid-filled enclosures and serve as building block for efficient thermal design guidelines in diverse applications. | Reddy, N. Keerthi; Swamy, H. A. Kumara; Sankar, M.; Yoon, Aejung | Ulsan Natl Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Ulsan 44919, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Nonlinear Dynam & Math Applicat Ctr, Dept Math, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Univ Technol & Appl Sci, Dept Informat Technol, Ibri 516, Oman | Swamy, H.A. Kumara/AAT-5304-2021; Reddy N., Keerthi/AAT-5305-2021; Mani, Sankar/AAT-5256-2021 | 57218368327; 57223027638; 6701530391; 57193253138 | manisankariyer@gmail.com;ajyoon@unist.ac.kr; | JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY | J THERM ANAL CALORIM | 1388-6150 | 1588-2926 | 149 | 13 | SCIE | CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL;CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL;THERMODYNAMICS | 2024 | 3.1 | 29.7 | 0.91 | 2025-05-07 | 5 | 3 | Annular enclosure; Conjugate heat transfer; Internal heat generation/absorption; Nanofluid; Magnetic field; Heat transfer enhancement | CU-WATER NANOFLUID; NATURAL-CONVECTION; SQUARE CAVITY; MIXED CONVECTION; MAGNETIC-FIELD; NUMERICAL-ANALYSIS; MEDIA | Annular enclosure; Conjugate heat transfer; Heat transfer enhancement; Internal heat generation/absorption; Magnetic field; Nanofluid | Flow of fluids; Heat generation; Heat transfer; Magnetohydrodynamics; Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCN); Nanofluidics; Porous materials; Thermal conductivity; Annular enclosure; Conjugate heat transfer; Heat generation/absorption; Heat Transfer enhancement; Internal heat generation; Internal heat generation/absorption; Magnetic-field; MWCNT nanofluid; Nanofluids; Transfer phenomenon; Enclosures | English | 2024 | 2024-07 | 10.1007/s10973-023-12771-4 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | |
| ○ | ○ | Article | Investigating Transfer Learning in Noisy Environments: A Study of Predecessor and Successor Features in Spatial Learning Using a T-Maze | In this study, we investigate the adaptability of artificial agents within a noisy T-maze that use Markov decision processes (MDPs) and successor feature (SF) and predecessor feature (PF) learning algorithms. Our focus is on quantifying how varying the hyperparameters, specifically the reward learning rate (alpha r) and the eligibility trace decay rate (lambda), can enhance their adaptability. Adaptation is evaluated by analyzing the hyperparameters of cumulative reward, step length, adaptation rate, and adaptation step length and the relationships between them using Spearman's correlation tests and linear regression. Our findings reveal that an alpha r of 0.9 consistently yields superior adaptation across all metrics at a noise level of 0.05. However, the optimal setting for lambda varies by metric and context. In discussing these results, we emphasize the critical role of hyperparameter optimization in refining the performance and transfer learning efficacy of learning algorithms. This research advances our understanding of the functionality of PF and SF algorithms, particularly in navigating the inherent uncertainty of transfer learning tasks. By offering insights into the optimal hyperparameter configurations, this study contributes to the development of more adaptive and robust learning algorithms, paving the way for future explorations in artificial intelligence and neuroscience. | Seo, Incheol; Lee, Hyunsu | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Immunol, Sch Med, Daegu 41944, South Korea; Pusan Natl Univ, Dept Physiol, Sch Med, Yangsan 50612, South Korea; Pusan Natl Univ, Yangsan Hosp, Res Inst Convergence Biomed Sci & Technol, Yangsan 50612, South Korea | ; Lee, Hyunsu/AAO-8071-2020 | 56022683900; 56335508500 | hyunsu.lee@pusan.ac.kr; | SENSORS | SENSORS-BASEL | 1424-8220 | 24 | 19 | SCIE | CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL;ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC;INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION | 2024 | 3.5 | 29.7 | 0.38 | 2025-05-07 | 1 | 1 | reinforcement learning; T-maze transfer learning; hyperparameter tuning; robustness; predecessor features; noisy observation | hyperparameter tuning; noisy observation; predecessor features; reinforcement learning; robustness; T-maze transfer learning | Algorithms; Artificial Intelligence; Humans; Markov Chains; Maze Learning; Reward; Spatial Learning; Adversarial machine learning; Contrastive Learning; Federated learning; Reinforcement learning; Transfer learning; Hyper-parameter; Hyperparameter tuning; Noisy environment; Noisy observations; Predecessor feature; Reinforcement learnings; Robustness; Spatial learning; T-maze transfer learning; Transfer learning; algorithm; artificial intelligence; human; Markov chain; maze test; physiology; reward; spatial learning; Markov processes | English | 2024 | 2024-10 | 10.3390/s24196419 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | |||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Microscopic molecular insights of different carbon chain fatty acids on shape-stabilized phase change composite | Biochar-based composite phase change materials (PCMs) are gaining popularity in thermal energy storage (TES) applications. Organic PCMs derived from fatty acids are favored for their affordability and variable melting temperatures based on carbon chain length. Understanding the interaction between different carbon-length fatty acid PCMs and porous biochar is crucial for optimizing thermal performance. Thus, this study explored the interaction between PCMs of decanoic acid (DA) and octadecanoic acid (OA) with banana peel (BP) biochar. Experimental results showed that shorter carbon chain of DA enhanced thermal properties and surface compactness compared to OA. BP-DA had higher loading efficiency and PCMs ratio, resulting in superior thermal cycle endurance and latent heat ratio. The molecular dynamics suggest that longer carbon chains affect the mean square displacement (MSD) curves, reducing the self-diffusion coefficients of BP-DA. This is due to DA's high loading rate, which occupies more space within BP biochar structure, thus limiting its diffusion capacity. Enhanced hydrogen bonding constrained DA's thermal motion during phase transition, restricting atom mobility within BP. With temperature elevations, BP-DA exhibits lesser fractional free volume than BP-OA, due to lower molecular mass. This research highlights how carbon chain length influences composite PCMs performance, offering insights for efficient TES system design. | Ishak, Shafiq; Mandal, Soumen; Lgaz, Hassane; Atinafu, Dimberu G.; Harmay, Nurul Syahira Mohammad; Lee, Han-Seung; Lim, Norhasanah Abdul Shukor; Abdullah, Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri; Yang, Hyun-Min | Univ Technol Malaysia UTM, Fac Civil Engn, Construct Res Ctr CRC, Dept Struct & Mat, Johor Baharu 81310, Malaysia; Hanyang Univ, Dept Architectural Engn, 1271 Sa 3 Dong, Ansan 15588, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Intelligent Construction Automat Ctr, 80,Daehak Ro, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Hanyang Univ, Innovat Durable Bldg & Infrastructure Res Ctr, Ctr Creat Convergence Educ, 1271 Sa 3 Dong, Ansan 15588, South Korea; Yonsei Univ, Dept Architecture & Architectural Engn, Seoul 03722, South Korea; Univ Technol Malaysia UTM, Fac Civil Engn, Dept Water & Environm Engn, Johor Baharu 81310, Malaysia; Univ Malaysia Perlis, Fac Chem Engn & Technol, Kangar 01000, Perlis, Malaysia; Hanyang Univ ERICA, Div Smart Convergence Engn, 1271 Sa-3 Dong, Ansan 15588, South Korea | ; Lgaz, Hassane/U-9805-2019; Atinafu, Dimberu/AAK-3004-2021; Lee, HanSeung/E-9087-2013; Mandal, Soumen/AAB-3917-2021; Ishak, Shafiq/ABC-3063-2020 | 57218951467; 57214752240; 56707358100; 57197874926; 57222542754; 58809104200; 56651888900; 53164519100; 56097115000 | shafiq.ishak@utm.my;hlgaz@hanyang.ac.kr; | JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY | J THERM ANAL CALORIM | 1388-6150 | 1588-2926 | 149 | 17 | SCIE | CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL;CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL;THERMODYNAMICS | 2024 | 3.1 | 29.7 | 1.37 | 2025-05-07 | 3 | 3 | Composite; Phase change materials; Carbon chain; Molecular dynamics; Mean square displacement; Free volume theory | ENHANCED THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; POROUS CARBON; SELF-DIFFUSION; CAPACITY; DYNAMICS; PARAFFIN; ENCAPSULATION; ADSORPTION; TRANSPORT; KINETICS | Carbon chain; Composite; Free volume theory; Mean square displacement; Molecular dynamics; Phase change materials | Carbon; Chain length; Diffusion in liquids; Free volume; Heat storage; Hydrogen bonds; Molecular dynamics; Saturated fatty acids; Banana peels; Biochar; Carbon chains; Carbon-chain length; Composite phase change materials; Decanoic acid; Free-volume theory; Mean-square displacement; Molecular insights; Octadecanoic acids; Phase change materials | English | 2024 | 2024-09 | 10.1007/s10973-024-13539-0 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | |
| ○ | ○ | Review | Optical Coherence Tomography as a Non-Invasive Tool for Plant Material Characterization in Agriculture: A Review | Characterizing plant material is crucial in terms of early disease detection, pest control, physiological assessments, and growth monitoring, which are essential parameters to increase production in agriculture and prevent unnecessary economic losses. The conventional methods employed to assess the aforementioned parameters have several limitations, such as invasive inspection, complexity, high time consumption, and costly features. In recent years, optical coherence tomography (OCT), which is an ultra-high resolution, non-invasive, and real-time unique image-based approach has been widely utilized as a significant and potential tool for assessing plant materials in numerous aspects. The obtained OCT cross-sections and volumetrics, as well as the amplitude signals of plant materials, have the capability to reveal vital information in both axial and lateral directions owing to the high resolution of the imaging system. This review discusses recent technological trends and advanced applications of OCT, which have been potentially adapted for numerous agricultural applications, such as non-invasive disease screening, optical signals-based growth speed detection, the structural analysis of plant materials, and microbiological discoveries. Therefore, this review offers a comprehensive exploration of recent advanced OCT technological approaches for agricultural applications, which provides insights into their potential to incorporate OCT technology into numerous industries. | Saleah, Sm Abu; Kim, Shinheon; Luna, Jannat Amrin; Wijesinghe, Ruchire Eranga; Seong, Daewoon; Han, Sangyeob; Kim, Jeehyun; Jeon, Mansik | Kyungpook Natl Univ, ICT Convergence Res Ctr, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Inst Biomed Engn, Daegu 41944, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Coll IT Engn, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, 80 Daehak Ro, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Sri Lanka Inst Informat Technol, Fac Engn, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Malabe 10115, Sri Lanka | ; Wijesinghe, Ruchire/K-3797-2016; Han, Sangyeob/W-3206-2018 | 57218499446; 57226603736; 58079161200; 56018152300; 57212512353; 57193695305; 7601373350; 24171094000 | 2021325169@knu.ac.kr;msjeon@knu.ac.kr; | SENSORS | SENSORS-BASEL | 1424-8220 | 24 | 1 | SCIE | CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL;ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC;INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION | 2024 | 3.5 | 29.7 | 1.47 | 2025-04-16 | 5 | 7 | optical coherence tomography; agriculture; optical imaging; image processing; image analysis; disease detection | STEM ROT DISEASE; SPECTROSCOPY; BRUISES; QUALITY; APPLES | agriculture; disease detection; image analysis; image processing; optical coherence tomography; optical imaging | Agriculture; Industry; Psychotherapy; Technology; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Agriculture; Diagnosis; Disease control; Image resolution; Losses; Optical data processing; Physiological models; Disease detection; Early disease detection; Growth monitoring; Image-analysis; Images processing; Materials characterization; Optical imaging; Physiological assessments; Physiological growth; Plant material; agriculture; industry; optical coherence tomography; psychotherapy; technology; Optical tomography | English | 2024 | 2024-01 | 10.3390/s24010219 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Real-Time Prediction of Resident ADL Using Edge-Based Time-Series Ambient Sound Recognition | To create an effective Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) system that supports the daily activities of patients or the elderly, it is crucial to accurately detect and differentiate user actions to determine the necessary assistance. Traditional intrusive methods, such as wearable or object-attached devices, can interfere with the natural behavior of patients and may lead to resistance. Furthermore, non-intrusive systems that rely on video or sound data processed by servers or the cloud can generate excessive data traffic and raise concerns about the security of personal information. In this study, we developed an edge-based real-time system for detecting Activities of Daily Living (ADL) using ambient noise. Additionally, we introduced an online post-processing method to enhance classification performance and extract activity events from noisy sound in resource-constrained environments. The system, tested with data collected in a living space, achieved high accuracy in classifying ADL-related behaviors in continuous events and successfully generated user activity logs from time-series sound data, enabling further analyses such as ADL assessments. Future work will focus on enhancing detection accuracy and expanding the range of detectable behaviors by integrating the activity logs generated in this study with additional data sources beyond sound. | Lee, Cheolhwan; Yuh, Ah Hyun; Kang, Soon Ju | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Coll IT Engn, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, 80 Daehakro, Daegu 41566, South Korea | 57216824872; 57557837600; 55666313900 | chlee4831@knu.ac.kr;0828lucy@gmail.com;sjkang@knu.ac.kr; | SENSORS | SENSORS-BASEL | 1424-8220 | 24 | 19 | SCIE | CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL;ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC;INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION | 2024 | 3.5 | 29.7 | 1.15 | 2025-05-07 | 3 | 4 | internet of medical things; edge AI; human activity recognition; sound classification; ambient assisted living | DEEP LEARNING-MODEL | ambient assisted living; edge AI; human activity recognition; internet of medical things; sound classification | Activities of Daily Living; Aged; Algorithms; Female; Humans; Male; Sound; Sound recording; Activities of Daily Living; Activity logs; Ambient assisted living; Edge AI; Edge-based; Human activity recognition; Internet of medical thing; Sound classification; Sound data; Times series; aged; algorithm; daily life activity; female; human; male; sound; Assisted living | English | 2024 | 2024-10 | 10.3390/s24196435 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | |||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Self-assembled reconfigurable pump architectures via magnetic colloidal swarms | Self-assembled swarms of interactive active units, which are adaptive and dynamically reconfigurable to accommodate different functionalities, represent a promising platform for the development of nextgeneration robotics. Here, we utilize the emergent collective behavior of active magnetic colloids confined in quasi-two-dimensional arrays of overlapping wells to demonstrate the self-organization of a colloidal swarm into a dynamic pump architecture capable of controlled transport of passive cargo particles. This dynamic architecture provides a global unidirectional looping flow pattern along the entire length of the system. We show that the flow direction of the dynamic swarm-based pump can be externally controlled by a phase shift of a driving magnetic field energizing the swarm. The experimental observations are supported by computational modeling based on phenomenological coarse-grained particle dynamics coupled to shallow-water Navier-Stokes hydrodynamics. Our findings demonstrate how the emergent collective behavior of a swarm can be orchestrated into a desired functionality by exploiting the interplay between activity and confinement potentials. | Han, Koohee; Glatz, Andreas; Snezhko, Alexey | Argonne Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Daegu, South Korea; Northern Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA | Glatz, Andreas/S-2121-2017 | 57192061329; 7003760363; 55939956300 | snezhko@anl.gov; | PHYSICAL REVIEW APPLIED | PHYS REV APPL | 2331-7019 | 22 | 6 | SCIE | PHYSICS, APPLIED | 2024 | 4.4 | 29.7 | 0.35 | 2025-05-07 | 1 | 1 | EMERGENCE; PARTICLES; FLOCKS; STATES | Reconfigurable hardware; Collective behaviour; Computational modelling; Controlled transport; Dynamic architecture; Flow direction; Magnetic colloids; Magnetic-field; Reconfigurable; Self organizations; Two-dimensional arrays; Flow patterns | English | 2024 | 2024-12-18 | 10.1103/physrevapplied.22.064073 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Sub-Terahertz Imaging-Based Real-Time Non-Destructive Inspection System for Estimating Water Activity and Foreign Matter Depth in Seaweed | As the importance of hygiene and safety management in food manufacturing has been increasingly emphasized, research on non-destructive and non-contact inspection technologies has become more active. This study proposes a real-time and non-destructive food inspection system with sub-terahertz waves which penetrates non-conducting materials by using a frequency of 0.1 THz. The proposed system detects not only the presence of foreign matter, but also the degree of depth to which it is mixed in foods. In addition, the system estimates water activity levels, which serves as the basis for assessing the freshness of seaweed by analyzing the transmittance of signals within the sub-terahertz image. The system employs YOLOv8n, which is one of the newest lightweight object detection models. This lightweight model utilizes the feature pyramid network (FPN) to effectively detect objects of various sizes while maintaining a fast processing speed and high performance. In particular, to validate the performance in real manufacturing facilities, we implemented a hardware platform, which accurately inspects seaweed products while cooperating with a conveyor device moving at a speed of 45 cm/s. For the validation of the estimation performance against various water activities and the degree of depth of foreign matter, we gathered and annotated a total of 9659 sub-terahertz images and optimized the learning model. The final results show that the precision rate is 0.91, recall rate is 0.95, F1-score is 0.93, and mAP is 0.97, respectively. Overall, the proposed system demonstrates an excellent performance in the detection of foreign matter and in freshness estimation, and can be applied in several applications regarding food safety. | Kwak, Dong-Hoon; Yun, Ho-Won; Lee, Jong-Hun; Kim, Young-Duk; Choi, Doo-Hyun | Korea Res Inst Def Technol Planning & Advancement, Future Technol Foresight Team, Jinju 52852, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Daegu Gyeongbuk Inst Sci & Technol DGIST, Div Automot Res, Daegu 42988, South Korea | 57222297059; 59468488200; 36068367700; 55955831300; 7401642881 | dhkwak@krit.re.kr;howon98@dgist.ac.kr;jhlee@dgist.ac.kr;ydkim@dgist.ac.kr;dhc@ee.knu.ac.kr; | SENSORS | SENSORS-BASEL | 1424-8220 | 24 | 23 | SCIE | CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL;ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC;INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION | 2024 | 3.5 | 29.7 | 0.38 | 2025-05-07 | 1 | 1 | terahertz; non-destructive inspection; food quality test; signal processing; object detection | TRANSMISSION; QUALITY | food quality test; non-destructive inspection; object detection; signal processing; terahertz | Algorithms; Seaweed; Terahertz Imaging; Water; Food safety; Image analysis; Image annotation; Inspection; Terahertz wave detectors; water; Food quality; Food quality test; Foreign matter; Non destructive inspection; Objects detection; Quality test; Signal-processing; Sub-terahertz; Tera Hertz; Water activity; algorithm; chemistry; procedures; seaweed; terahertz imaging; Terahertz waves | English | 2024 | 2024-12 | 10.3390/s24237599 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | |||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Sybil Attack-Resistant Blockchain-Based Proof-of-Location Mechanism with Privacy Protection in VANET | In this paper, we propose a Proof-of-Location (PoL)-based location verification scheme for mitigating Sybil attacks in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). For this purpose, we employ smart contracts for storing the location information of the vehicles. This smart contract is maintained by Road Side Units (RSUs) and acts as a ground truth for verifying the position information of the neighboring vehicles. To avoid the storage of fake location information inside the smart contract, vehicles need to solve unique computational puzzles generated by the neighboring RSUs in a limited time frame whenever they need to report their location information. Assuming a vehicle has a single Central Processing Unit (CPU) and parallel processing is not allowed, it can solve a single computational puzzle in a given time period. With this approach, the vehicles with multiple fake identities are prevented from solving multiple puzzles at a time. In this way, we can mitigate a Sybil attack and avoid the storage of fake location information in a smart contract table. Furthermore, the RSUs maintain a dedicated blockchain for storing the location information of neighboring vehicles. They take part in mining for the purpose of storing the smart contract table in the blockchain. This scheme guarantees the privacy of the vehicles, which is achieved with the help of a PoL privacy preservation mechanism. The verifier can verify the locations of the vehicles without revealing their privacy. Experimental results show that the proposed mechanism is effective in mitigating Sybil attacks in VANET. According to the experiment results, our proposed scheme provides a lower fake location registration probability, i.e., lower than 10%, compared to other existing approaches. | Khatri, Narayan; Lee, Sihyung; Nam, Seung Yeob | Yeungnam Univ, Dept Informat & Commun Engn, Gyongsan 38541, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Comp Sci & Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea | ; Nam, Seung/Q-7486-2019; Khatri, Narayan/AAT-9029-2020 | 57222726965; 15623380100; 7402276352 | narayankhatrig@ynu.ac.kr;sihyunglee@knu.ac.kr;synam@ynu.ac.kr; | SENSORS | SENSORS-BASEL | 1424-8220 | 24 | 24 | SCIE | CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL;ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC;INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION | 2024 | 3.5 | 29.7 | 0 | 2025-05-07 | 1 | 1 | VANET; proof-of-location (PoL); sybil attack; privacy; smart contract; blockchain | NETWORKS; MANAGEMENT | blockchain; privacy; proof-of-location (PoL); smart contract; sybil attack; VANET | Blockchain; Data privacy; Differential privacy; Vane pumps; Attack resistants; Block-chain; Location based; Location information; Privacy; Privacy protection; Proof-of-location; Road sides; Sybil attack; Vehicular Adhoc Networks (VANETs); article; blockchain; human; mining; privacy; probability; Vehicular ad hoc networks | English | 2024 | 2024-12 | 10.3390/s24248140 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Temporal-Quality Ensemble Technique for Handling Image Blur in Packaging Defect Inspection | Despite achieving numerous successes with surface defect inspection based on deep learning, the industry still faces challenges in conducting packaging defect inspections that include critical information such as ingredient lists. In particular, while previous achievements primarily focus on defect inspection in high-quality images, they do not consider defect inspection in low-quality images such as those containing image blur. To address this issue, we proposed a noble inference technique named temporal-quality ensemble (TQE), which combines temporal and quality weights. Temporal weighting assigns weights to input images by considering the timing in relation to the observed image. Quality weight prioritizes high-quality images to ensure the inference process emphasizes clear and reliable input images. These two weights improve both the accuracy and reliability of the inference process of low-quality images. In addition, to experimentally evaluate the general applicability of TQE, we adopt widely used convolutional neural networks (CNNs) such as ResNet-34, EfficientNet, ECAEfficientNet, GoogLeNet, and ShuffleNetV2 as the backbone network. In conclusion, considering cases where at least one low-quality image is included, TQE has an F1-score approximately 17.64% to 22.41% higher than using single CNN models and about 1.86% to 2.06% higher than an average voting ensemble. | Son, Guk-Jin; Jung, Hee-Chul; Kim, Young-Duk | Daegu Gyeongbuk Inst Sci & Technol DGIST, ICT Res Inst, Daegu 42988, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Artificial Intelligence, Daegu 41566, South Korea | Jung, Heechul/HTL-7199-2023 | 57191336333; 55652175200; 55955831300 | sudopop@dgist.ac.kr;heechul@knu.ac.kr;ydkim@dgist.ac.kr; | SENSORS | SENSORS-BASEL | 1424-8220 | 24 | 14 | SCIE | CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL;ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC;INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION | 2024 | 3.5 | 29.7 | 0 | 2025-05-07 | 0 | 0 | packaging; defect inspection; deep learning; image blur; ensemble; temporal-quality analysis | deep learning; defect inspection; ensemble; image blur; packaging; temporal-quality analysis | Convolutional neural networks; Deep learning; Image enhancement; Inspection; Surface defects; Deep learning; Defects inspections; Ensemble; High quality images; Image blur; Low qualities; Packaging defects; Quality image; Temporal quality; Temporal-quality analyse; article; convolutional neural network; deep learning; female; human; packaging; reliability; residual neural network; voting; Packaging | English | 2024 | 2024-07 | 10.3390/s24144438 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | |||
| ○ | ○ | Article | The beneficial effects of lupeol on particulate matter-mediated pulmonary inflammation | Particulate matter (PM) poses significant health risks, especially fine particles (PM2.5) 2.5 ) that can cause severe lung injuries. Lupeol, a phytosterol from medicinal plants, has potential anti-cancer properties. This study investigated lupeol's protective effects against PM2.5-induced 2.5-induced lung damage. Mice received lupeol following intratracheal PM 2.5 exposure. Results showed lupeol reduced lung damage, lowered wet/dry (W/D) weight ratio, and suppressed increased permeability caused by PM2.5. 2.5 . Additionally, lupeol decreased plasma inflammatory cytokines, total protein concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and PM2.5-induced 2.5-induced lymphocyte proliferation. Lupeol also reduced expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88), and autophagy-related proteins microtubule-associated protein 1 A/1 B-light chain 3 (LC3) II and Beclin 1, while increasing phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation. These findings suggest lupeol's potential as a therapeutic agent for PM2.5-induced 2.5-induced lung damage via modulation of the TLR4-MyD88 and mTOR-autophagy pathways. | Cho, Sanghee; Park, Dong Ho; Park, Eui Kyun; Bae, Jong-Sup | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Res Inst Pharmaceut Sci, Coll Pharm, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Kyungpook Natl Univ Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Ophthalmol, Daegu 41944, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Dent, Inst Hard Tissue & Biotooth Regenerat IHBR, Dept Oral Pathol & Regenerat Med, Daegu 41940, South Korea | 58784915200; 36676632900; 37071072400; 16021543200 | baejs@knu.ac.kr; | FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY | FOOD CHEM TOXICOL | 0278-6915 | 1873-6351 | 191 | SCIE | FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY;TOXICOLOGY | 2024 | 3.5 | 29.7 | 0.46 | 2025-05-07 | 2 | 2 | NF-KAPPA-B; LUNG INJURY; PM2.5; ACTIVATION; MTOR | Animals; Autophagy; Beclin-1; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Cytokines; Lung; Lupanes; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Microtubule-Associated Proteins; Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88; Particulate Matter; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Pneumonia; Toll-Like Receptor 4; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; autophagy related protein; deoxycholate sodium; high mobility group B1 protein; interleukin 10; interleukin 1beta; Janus kinase 2; lupeol; mammalian target of rapamycin; mitogen activated protein kinase; mitogen activated protein kinase 1; mitogen activated protein kinase 3; myeloid differentiation factor 88; myeloperoxidase; nitric oxide; phytosterol; small interfering RNA; stress activated protein kinase; toll like receptor; toll like receptor 4; tumor necrosis factor; von Willebrand factor; beclin 1; cytokine; lupane derivative; lupeol; microtubule associated protein; mTOR protein, mouse; Myd88 protein, mouse; myeloid differentiation factor 88; pentacyclic triterpene; target of rapamycin kinase; Tlr4 protein, mouse; toll like receptor 4; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; Article; autophagosome; blood vessel reactivity; bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; carcinogenesis; cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis; cell infiltration; cell proliferation; cell survival; cell viability; cervical spine dislocation; controlled study; cytokine production; cytotoxicity; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; genetic transfection; histology; human; human cell; immune response; inflammation; kidney function; lung alveolus macrophage; lung injury; lung lavage; lymphocyte proliferation; male; MAPK signaling; microtubule; mitophagy; monolayer culture; mouse; MTT assay; nonhuman; particulate matter; particulate matter 2.5; pneumonia; pregnancy; protein expression; protein phosphorylation; signal transduction; Western blotting; animal; C57BL mouse; chemistry; cytology; drug effect; drug therapy; genetics; lung; metabolism; pathology; toxicity | English | 2024 | 2024-09 | 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114893 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | |||||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Ultra-Wideband Common-Mode Rejection Structure with Autonomous Phase Balancing for Ultra-High-Speed Digital Transmission | For ultra-high-speed digital transmission, required by 5G/6G communications, ultra-wideband common-mode rejection (CMR) structures with autonomous phase-balancing capability are proposed. Common-mode noise, caused by phase and amplitude unbalances, is one of the most undesired disturbances affecting modern digital circuits. According to the circuit design guides with a typically used differential line (DL) for high-speed digital transmission, common-mode rejection is achieved using CMR filters, and the unbalanced phase, caused by a length difference between the two signal lines of a DL, is compensated by inserting an additional delay line. However, due to nonlinear phase interactions between the two DLs and unbalanced electromagnetic (EM) interferences, the conventional compensation method is frequency-limited at around 10 GHz. To significantly enhance the common-mode rejection level and extend the phase recovery bandwidth, the proposed CMR structure utilizes a planar balanced line (BL), such as a coplanar stripline (CPS) or a parallel stripline (PSL), along with additional conductor strips arranged laterally near the BL. To demonstrate the performance of the proposed BL-based CMR structures, various types of CMR structures are fabricated, and the measurement results are compared with the 3D EM simulation results. As a result, it is proven that the proposed BL-based CMR structures have the capability to reject the common-mode noise with suppression levels of more than 10 dB and to simultaneously recover the phase balance from near DC to over 40 GHz. | Min, Byung-Cheol; Choi, Jeong-Sik; Choi, Hyun-Chul; Kim, Kang-Wook | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea | 39161762500; 59419200600; 57193342681; 57204432422 | minbc4658@knu.ac.kr;jeongsik2@knu.ac.kr;hcchoi@ee.knu.ac.kr;kang_kim@ee.knu.ac.kr; | SENSORS | SENSORS-BASEL | 1424-8220 | 24 | 19 | SCIE | CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL;ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC;INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION | 2024 | 3.5 | 29.7 | 0 | 2025-05-07 | 0 | 0 | balanced line; ultra-wideband; ultra-high-speed digital transmission; common-mode rejection filter; phase balancing | LINES | balanced line; common-mode rejection filter; phase balancing; ultra-high-speed digital transmission; ultra-wideband | 5G mobile communication systems; Electric delay lines; Image analysis; Image thinning; Integrated circuit design; Phase noise; Printed circuit design; Structural dynamics; System-on-chip; Balanced line; Common-mode noise; Common-mode rejection; Common-mode rejection filter; High-speed digital transmission; Phase balancing; Rejection filters; Ultra high speed; Ultra-high-speed digital transmission; Ultrawide band; article; bandwidth; conductor; filter; noise; simulation; velocity; Ultra-wideband (UWB) | English | 2024 | 2024-10 | 10.3390/s24196180 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | |||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Ultra-Wideband Vertical Transition in Coplanar Stripline for Ultra-High-Speed Digital Interfaces | A design method for an ultra-wideband coplanar-stripline-based vertical transition that can be used for ultra-high-speed digital interfaces is proposed. A conventional via structure, based on a differential line (DL), inherently possesses performance limitations (<10 GHz) due to difficulties in maintaining constant line impedance and smooth electric field transformation, in addition to the effects of signal skews, FR4 fiber weave, and unbalanced EM interferences. DL-based digital interfaces may not meet the demands of ultra-high-speed digital data transmission required for the upcoming 6G communications. The use of a coplanar stripline (CPS), a type of planar balanced line (BL), for the vertical transition, along with the ultra-wideband DL-to-CPS transition, mostly removes the inherent and unfavorable issues of the DL and enables ultra-high-speed digital data transmission. The design process of the transition is simplified using the analytical design formulas, derived using the conformal mapping method, of the transition. The characteristic line impedances of the transition are calculated and found to be in close agreement with the results obtained from EM simulations. Utilizing these results, the CPS-based vertical transition, maintaining the characteristic line impedance of 100 Omega, is designed and fabricated. The measured results confirm its ultra-wideband characteristics, with a maximum of 1.6 dB insertion loss and more than 10 dB return loss in the frequency range of DC to 30 GHz. Therefore, the proposed CPS-based vertical transition offers a significantly wider frequency bandwidth, i.e., more than three times that of conventional DL-based via structures. | Kim, Mun-Ju; Lee, Jung-Seok; Min, Byung-Cheol; Choi, Jeong-Sik; Kumar, Sachin; Choi, Hyun-Chul; Kim, Kang-Wook | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Galgotias Coll Engn & Technol, Dept Elect & Commun Engn, Greater Noida 201310, India | ; Lee, Jung-Seok/L-6826-2019; Kumar, Sachin/W-2211-2019 | 57478219300; 57218775544; 39161762500; 59419200600; 56907994000; 57193342681; 57204432422 | dranswn@knu.ac.kr;j.seok1020@knu.ac.kr;minbc4658@knu.ac.kr;jeongsik2@knu.ac.kr;gupta.sachin0708@gmail.com;hcchoi@ee.knu.ac.kr;kang_kim@ee.knu.ac.kr; | SENSORS | SENSORS-BASEL | 1424-8220 | 24 | 10 | SCIE | CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL;ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC;INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION | 2024 | 3.5 | 29.7 | 0.38 | 2025-05-07 | 1 | 1 | vertical transition; ultra-high-speed interface; conformal mapping; coplanar stripline; ultra-wideband | conformal mapping; coplanar stripline; ultra-high-speed interface; ultra-wideband; vertical transition | Data transfer; Electric fields; Electric lines; Electric power transmission; Ultra-wideband (UWB); Coplanar striplines; Differential lines; Digital interfaces; High-speed digital data transmission; High-speed interfaces; Line impedance; Ultra high speed; Ultra-high-speed interface; Ultrawide band; Vertical transitions; article; bandwidth; controlled study; electric field; impedance; male; simulation; velocity; Conformal mapping | English | 2024 | 2024-05 | 10.3390/s24103233 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 |
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