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| WoS | SCOPUS | Document Type | Document Title | Abstract | Authors | Affiliation | ResearcherID (WoS) | AuthorsID (SCOPUS) | Author Email(s) | Journal Name | JCR Abbreviation | ISSN | eISSN | Volume | Issue | WoS Edition | WoS Category | JCR Year | IF | JCR (%) | FWCI | FWCI Update Date | WoS Citation | SCOPUS Citation | Keywords (WoS) | KeywordsPlus (WoS) | Keywords (SCOPUS) | KeywordsPlus (SCOPUS) | Language | Publication Stage | Publication Year | Publication Date | DOI | JCR Link | DOI Link | WOS Link | SCOPUS Link |
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| ○ | ○ | Article | Multi-Cleaning Robots Using Cleaning Distribution Method Based on Map Decomposition in Large Environments | Most cleaning robots have a good cleaning performance for small environments such as houses but require a longer cleaning time due to problems such as slow cleaning progress and low battery capacity, making the robots unsuitable for large environments such as libraries and airports. Cleaning large environments with multiple robots is faster than cleaning them with a single robot. Multi-cleaning robots can utilize several robots to simultaneously clean and share the task of cleaning among the robots. However, as the number of robots increases and the effective distribution of cleaning is not efficient during the cleaning process, the cleaning time will consequently be longer due to the frequent collisions between the robots. Therefore, to shorten the cleaning time, multi-cleaning robots require a coverage path planning that uses an effective cleaning distribution method in the cleaning process. In this paper, a coverage path planning using a cleaning distribution method based on map decomposition is proposed to reduce the cleaning time of multi-cleaning robots. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed multi-cleaning robots' coverage path planning could be used in large environments in the presence of several types of obstacles. Furthermore, the cleaning time was found to be shorter than that of the previous methods in the case of multi-cleaning robots. | Miao, Xu; Lee, Hyun-Soon; Kang, Bo-Yeong | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea | ; Lee, Juyoung/Y-3277-2019; Kang, Bo-Yeong/IXW-6764-2023 | 57202816278; 56824620800; 26643468300 | kby09@knu.ac.kr; | IEEE ACCESS | IEEE ACCESS | 2169-3536 | 8 | SCIE | COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS;ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC;TELECOMMUNICATIONS | 2020 | 3.367 | 34.3 | 1.24 | 2025-06-25 | 15 | 22 | Cleaning; Collision avoidance; Robot kinematics; Path planning; Task analysis; Spirals; Coverage path planning; cleaning robot; computational efficiency; multi-robots system; robot path planning | ONLINE COVERAGE; ALGORITHM | cleaning robot; computational efficiency; Coverage path planning; multi-robots system; robot path planning | Aircraft accidents; Motion planning; Robot programming; Robots; Cleaning process; Cleaning robot; Coverage path planning; Effective distribution; Low battery capacity; Multiple robot; Single robots; Cleaning | English | 2020 | 2020 | 10.1109/access.2020.2997095 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | |||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Multi-directional Morphological Assessment of Single Bacterial Colonies Through Non-invasive Optical Imaging | A bacterium in bacterial colony is a basal component of bacterial studies and is therefore of considerable importance. The morphological characteristics of a single colony have been widely used as the standard to identify diverse bacterial species. However, the conventional methods for obtaining morphological information, such as microscopic techniques, cannot provide tomographic views. This study utilizes spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) to observe both external and internal structures for single colonies. OCT imaging provided a clear top (projection) and lateral (cross-sectional) images, which can identify distinct features in the fifteen different bacterial species examined. Through the acquired OCT images, the elevation type in each genus was confirmed, and the quantitative measurements for morphology including a diameter, height, and elevation angle were achieved. Moreover, the OCT raw data was used to build three-dimensional images to observe outer appearances in all direction. As a result, the averaged angles of 7.92 degrees, 14.40 degrees, 6.78 degrees, and 11.92 degrees of the genus Hymenobacter, Spirosoma, Bacillus, and Deinococcus, respectively, were calculated. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that OCT is a highly feasible, non-invasive method for the identification of bacterial species, providing detailed morphological and visual information. It thus has strong potential for applications in bacteriology, as well as biomedical and food sciences. | Lee, Junsoo; Lee, Seung-Yeol; Han, Sangyeob; Seong, Daewoon; Wijesinghe, Ruchire Eranga; Kim, Pilun; Jeon, Mansik; Jung, Hee-Young; Kim, Jeehyun | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, 80 Daehak Ro, Taegu 41566, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Appl Biosci, 80 Daehak Ro, Taegu 41566, South Korea; Kyungil Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, 50 Gamasil Gil, Gyongsan 38428, Gyeongsangbuk D, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Med, 80 Daehak Ro, Taegu 41566, South Korea | Lee, Junsoo/IUO-9627-2023; Kim, Jinhyun/AAK-3695-2020; Lee, Yoon/ABA-8808-2020; Wijesinghe, Ruchire/K-3797-2016 | 57209986073; 56106499600; 57193695305; 57212512353; 56018152300; 56967482800; 24171094000; 7403029383; 7601373350 | heeyoung@knu.ac.kr;jeehk@knu.ac.kr; | ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING | ANN BIOMED ENG | 0090-6964 | 1573-9686 | 48 | 12 | SCIE | ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL | 2020 | 3.934 | 34.3 | 0.28 | 2025-06-25 | 9 | 9 | Bacteriology; Single colony; Optical imaging; Tomographic view; Morphology | COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY | Bacteriology; Morphology; Optical imaging; Single colony; Tomographic view | Bacteria; Bacteriological Techniques; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Bacteriology; Coherent light; Noninvasive medical procedures; Optical tomography; Tomography; Conventional methods; External and internal structures; Microscopic techniques; Morphological characteristic; Morphological information; Quantitative measurement; Spectral domain optical coherence tomographies; Three dimensional images; article; Bacillus; bacteriology; bacterium colony; Deinococcus; fluorescence imaging; non invasive procedure; nonhuman; nutritional science; quantitative analysis; spectral domain optical coherence tomography; visual information; bacterium; cytology; microbiological examination; optical coherence tomography; Bacteria | English | 2020 | 2020-12 | 10.1007/s10439-020-02660-4 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | |
| ○ | ○ | Article | Multimodal System to Detect Driver Fatigue Using EEG, Gyroscope, and Image Processing | Sleepiness detection system that evaluates driver's sleepiness level has always been the primary interest of researchers. There are a number of systems like electroencephalography-based sleepiness detection system (ESDS), vehicle based sleepiness estimator system, image acquisition technology and bio-mathematical models to detect drowsiness of drivers. However there has been less research on hybrid of these systems that detect sleepiness of drivers. In order to overcome the above limitation we propose a neural network based hybrid multimodal system that detects driver fatigue using electroencephalography(EEG) data, gyroscope data and image processing data. It was found that the proposed hybrid system performed well with a detection accuracy of 93.91% in identifying the drowsiness state of the driver. | Karuppusamy, Naveen Senniappan; Kang, Bo-Yeong | Naveenam Tech Private Ltd, Coimbatore 641062, Tamil Nadu, India; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea | Kang, Bo-Yeong/IXW-6764-2023; Karuppusamy, Naveen/C-6806-2016 | 59945957800; 26643468300 | kby09@knu.ac.kr; | IEEE ACCESS | IEEE ACCESS | 2169-3536 | 8 | SCIE | COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS;ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC;TELECOMMUNICATIONS | 2020 | 3.367 | 34.3 | 3.21 | 2025-06-25 | 42 | 59 | Vehicles; Fatigue; Sleep; Electroencephalography; Sensors; Gyroscopes; Biomedical monitoring; Deep neural networks; driver fatigue detection; electroencephalography module; gyroscope module; multimodal system; tensorflow; vision module | ASSISTANCE SYSTEMS; SLEEP-DEPRIVATION; DROWSINESS; PERFORMANCE; FUSION; ONSET | Deep neural networks; driver fatigue detection; electroencephalography module; gyroscope module; multimodal system; tensorflow; vision module | Data handling; Electroencephalography; Electrophysiology; Gyroscopes; Hybrid systems; Technology transfer; Detection accuracy; Driver fatigue; Estimator systems; Multimodal system; Sleepiness detection; Image processing | English | 2020 | 2020 | 10.1109/access.2020.3009226 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | |||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Near-Threshold L1 Data Cache for Yield Management Under Process Variations | Near-threshold computing (NTC) has recently emerged and been considered as a strong candidate for future energy-efficient computing. However, adverse impacts from process variation such as delay and power fluctuations within die as well as across dies are much more severe than the super-threshold regime. In particular, static random access memory (SRAM)-based components (e.g., cache memories) are easily affected by process variation in NTC, resulting in large delay fluctuations. It incurs a huge loss in the maximum clock frequencies of processors, which eventually leads to huge yield losses. In this paper, we first analyze L1 data cache yield in NTC and reveal an inefficiency of frequency binning for yield improvement in NTC. We then introduce a variable latency L1 data cache for NTC to obtain a sufficient yield. By allowing the higher cache access cycles, we can improve cache yield with only a little performance overhead. Moreover, we propose an adaptive line migration technique which improves performance and energy efficiency of variable latency caches. The cache line which is expected to be frequently accessed in the near future is dynamically migrated to the fastest way in a cache set. According to our evaluation, our cache architecture greatly improves cache yield with only a little performance, energy, and area overhead. | Kong, Joonho; Hur, Jae Young | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Vietnamese German Univ, Fac Engn, Binh Duong 75114, Vietnam | Hur, Jae/N-3929-2016 | 25927220400; 55665391300 | joonho.kong@knu.ac.kr; | IEEE ACCESS | IEEE ACCESS | 2169-3536 | 8 | SCIE | COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS;ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC;TELECOMMUNICATIONS | 2020 | 3.367 | 34.3 | 0.08 | 2025-06-25 | 1 | 1 | Process variation; near-threshold computing; cache memory; system performance; energy efficiency | ARCHITECTURE; DESIGN; SRAM | cache memory; energy efficiency; near-threshold computing; Process variation; system performance | Buffer storage; Energy efficiency; Green computing; Static random access storage; Cache architecture; Migration technique; Near-Threshold Computing; Power fluctuations; Process Variation; Static random access memory; system performance; Variable latencies; Cache memory | English | 2020 | 2020 | 10.1109/access.2020.2968603 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | |||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Numerical Prediction of DC Breakdown Characteristics in LDPE With Current Profile as Critical Index | Understanding the DC breakdown characteristics of polymeric insulators is essential for stable operation of high-capacity DC electrical equipment. To predict the breakdown characteristics of low-density polyethylene (LDPE), we propose a numerical methodology with a new critical index in which the internal current varying with temperature, thickness, and injection barrier height. To evaluate this current-based index, we applied the fully coupled bipolar charge transport (BCT) and molecular chain displacement (MCD) models to analyze the influence of each variable on breakdown phenomena. The results of this analysis revealed that the amount of space charge accumulation within the insulator has a maximum value at approximately 50 degrees C, which corresponds to the known morphological transition temperature of LDPE. The breakdown strength calculated using this numerical model was found to decrease with increasing temperature and thickness. Although injection barrier height at the electrode was found to be negatively correlated with breakdown strength, its effect was not as significant as that of the other variables. The breakdown strength values obtained using this numerical method were found to be in close agreement with values reported in the literature. Based on these results, we newly suggest the physical quantity to predict the breakdown strength, the current relaxation speed, which is the slope of the Boltzmann sigmoid function, as a positively correlated index. Finally, we determined that the breakdown phenomena are initiated when the amount of impact accumulated in the insulator changes discontinuously and analyzed the contribution of factors affecting the breakdown using the Pearson correlation coefficient and the Sobol sensitivity index. | Kim, Minhee; Kim, Su-Hun; Lee, Se-Hee | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea | Kim, Minhee/LRT-2058-2024; Kim, Su-Hun/AAB-5569-2020 | 57214228950; 57188669953; 55009905600 | shlees@knu.ac.kr; | IEEE ACCESS | IEEE ACCESS | 2169-3536 | 8 | SCIE | COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS;ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC;TELECOMMUNICATIONS | 2020 | 3.367 | 34.3 | 0.33 | 2025-06-25 | 3 | 4 | Bipolar charge transport model; breakdown; finite element method; LDPE; molecular chain displacement model; temperature; thickness | SPACE-CHARGE ACCUMULATION; ELECTRIC BREAKDOWN; TRANSPORT; POLYMERS; NANOCOMPOSITES; TEMPERATURE; STRENGTH; MODEL | Bipolar charge transport model; Breakdown; finite element method; Ldpe; Molecular chain displacement model; Temperature; Thickness | Correlation methods; Forecasting; Temperature; Breakdown characteristics; Increasing temperatures; Low density polyethylene(LDPE); Morphological transitions; Numerical methodologies; Pearson correlation coefficients; Sobol sensitivity indices; Space-charge accumulation; Numerical methods | English | 2020 | 2020 | 10.1109/access.2020.3035445 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | |||
| ○ | ○ | Article | On the Accuracy of Quantization Cell Approximation in MIMO Broadcast Systems Based on Limited Feedback | This study investigates the accuracy of quantization cell approximation (QCA) in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) broadcast channel. QCA is an analytical quantization model used to approximate the quantized channel state information (CSI) in limited-feedback-based MIMO systems. It has been widely used in important studies for analytical tractability because it approximates the quantized CSI as a simple beta random variable multiplied by a deterministic value. Moreover, the effect of quantization is solely concentrated on the deterministic value such that the corresponding performance analysis is stochastically independent of the quantization process. Nevertheless, the accuracy of QCA has not been carefully demonstrated in previous studies. In this study, a generalized version of QCA is proposed with a complete analysis. Because the proposed QCA requires the use of a specific distance measure, the validity of the distance measure is first investigated. Based on the proposed distance measure, the accuracy of QCA is estimated by analyzing the difference between the spectral efficiencies achieved using QCA and random matrix quantization (RMQ). The corresponding results show that the difference gradually decreases and converges to zero as the number of feedback bits increases. As QCA and RMQ provide performance upper and lower bounds, respectively, in terms of codebook construction, these results prove the asymptotic validity of QCA with respect to the number of feedback bits. Both analysis and simulation results demonstrate that the difference in spectral efficiencies is also small for a moderate number of feedback bits. In addition, this study also demonstrates an asymptotic difference in spectral efficiencies with respect to the signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR). The difference increases with the SNR, but it is bounded by a finite value. Thus, the difference in the worst case SNR can also be suppressed by increasing the number of feedback bits. | Kim, Tae-Kyoung; Min, Moonsik | Mokpo Natl Univ, Dept Elect Informat & Commun Engn, Muan 58554, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea | 57216708769; 55386299100 | msmin@knu.ac.kr; | IEEE ACCESS | IEEE ACCESS | 2169-3536 | 8 | SCIE | COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS;ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC;TELECOMMUNICATIONS | 2020 | 3.367 | 34.3 | 0.25 | 2025-06-25 | 3 | 4 | MIMO communication; Quantization (signal); Multiplexing; Signal to noise ratio; Receiving antennas; Downlink; Transmitters; Precoding; limited feedback; multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO); quantized feedback; spatial-division multiplexing | PERFORMANCE; INTERFERENCE; CHANNELS | limited feedback; multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO); Precoding; quantized feedback; spatial-division multiplexing | Channel state information; Clustering algorithms; Efficiency; MIMO systems; Analysis and simulation; Analytical tractability; Codebook constructions; Multiple input multiple output broadcast channels; Performance analysis; Quantized channel state; Spectral efficiencies; Upper and lower bounds; Signal to noise ratio | English | 2020 | 2020 | 10.1109/access.2020.2988060 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||||
| ○ | ○ | Article | On the Design of Secure and Efficient Three-Factor Authentication Protocol Using Honey List for Wireless Sensor Networks | The Internet of Thing (IoT) is useful for connecting and collecting variable data of objects through the Internet, which makes to generate useful data for humanity. An indispensable enabler of IoT is the wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Many environments, such as smart healthcare, smart transportation and smart grid, have adopted WSN. Nonetheless, WSNs remain vulnerable to variety of attacks because they send and receive data over public channels. Moreover, the performance of IoT enabled sensor devices has limitations since the sensors are lightweight devices and are resource constrained. To overcome these problems, many security authentication protocols for WSNs have been proposed. However, many researchers have pointed out that preventing smartcard stolen and off-line guessing attacks is an important security issue, and guessing identity and password at the same time is still possible. To address these weaknesses, this paper presents a secure and efficient authentication protocol based on three-factor authentication by taking advantage of biometrics. Meanwhile, the proposed protocol uses a honey& x005F;list technique to protect against brute force and stolen smartcard attacks. By using the honey& x005F;list technique and three factors, the proposed protocol can provide security even if two of the three factors are compromised. Considering the limited performance of the sensors, we propose an efficient protocol using only hash functions excluding the public key based elliptic curve cryptography. For security evaluation of the proposed authentication protocol, we perform informal security analysis, and Real-Or-Random (ROR) model-based and Burrows Abadi Needham (BAN) logic based formal security analysis. We also perform the formal verification using the widely-used Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications (AVISPA) simulation software. Besides, compared to previous researches, we demonstrate that our proposed authentication protocol for WSNs systems is more suitable and secure than others. | Lee, Joonyoung; Yu, Sungjin; Kim, Myeonghyun; Park, Youngho; Das, Ashok Kumar | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Int Inst Informat Technol, Ctr Secur Theory & Algorithm Res, Hyderabad 500032, India | ; Lee, JoonYoung/AAM-9838-2021; Das, Ashok Kumar/U-2790-2019 | 57203970123; 57203974524; 57210278739; 56962990300; 55450732800 | parkyh@knu.ac.kr; | IEEE ACCESS | IEEE ACCESS | 2169-3536 | 8 | SCIE | COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS;ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC;TELECOMMUNICATIONS | 2020 | 3.367 | 34.3 | 3.71 | 2025-06-25 | 43 | 54 | Authentication; AVISPA; BAN logic; Internet of Things (IoT); ROR model; wireless sensor network; honey list | KEY AGREEMENT SCHEME; USER AUTHENTICATION; LIGHTWEIGHT AUTHENTICATION; INTERNET; BIOMETRICS; PASSWORD; MANAGEMENT | Authentication; AVISPA; BAN logic; honey list; Internet of Things (IoT); ROR model; wireless sensor network | Application programs; Authentication; Hash functions; Internet of things; Internet protocols; Public key cryptography; Security systems; Smart cards; Verification; Wireless sensor networks; Authentication protocols; Efficient authentication; Elliptic curve cryptography; Formal security analysis; Internet of thing (IOT); Security authentication; Simulation software; Wireless sensor network (WSNs); Network security | English | 2020 | 2020 | 10.1109/access.2020.3000790 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | |||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Optimal Aggregation Design for Massive V2G Participation in Energy Market | As a new type of transportation, electric vehicles (EV) can effectively adjust the supply and demand balance of power systems using their vehicle-to-grid (V2G) characteristics. To better promote the participation of EV resources in the energy market and interact with power systems, we propose a novel framework of an electric vehicle aggregator (EVA) that can aggregate schedulable EVs within its jurisdiction to provide auxiliary services for the power grid. Due to EV charging behavior's uncertain nature, we employ a probability mass function (PMF) based model to provide more accurate forecasts of future EV behaviors. To reduce EVA operation costs and maximize the travel utility for EV users participating in this service, we develop an EVA optimization schedule model that combines a day-ahead optimization schedule and real-time optimization schedule. Finally, we create three case studies to verify the results of the proposed method. Matlab is used to simulate and analyze each case study concerning uncoordinated charging, coordinated charging while considering day-ahead optimization schedules, and an ensemble of coordinated charging activities that consider the day-ahead optimization schedule and real-time optimization schedule. Through comparative analysis, it is verified that the proposed strategy can effectively reduce EVAs' operating costs and meet the travel requirements of EV users. The impact of different degrees of error of EV plug-out information on the proposed method is also analyzed. | Jin, Yuwei; Yu, Byeonggu; Seo, Mingyu; Han, Sekyung | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea | Jin, Yuwei/LIR-2747-2024 | 57212253293; 57204428254; 57215358477; 36023785800 | byeonggu.yu@gmail.com;sekyung.han@gmail.com; | IEEE ACCESS | IEEE ACCESS | 2169-3536 | 8 | SCIE | COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS;ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC;TELECOMMUNICATIONS | 2020 | 3.367 | 34.3 | 1.4 | 2025-06-25 | 25 | 39 | Optimization; Real-time systems; Electric vehicle charging; Schedules; Power grids; Load modeling; Vehicle-to-grid; Electric vehicles; vehicle-to-grid; electric vehicle aggregator; day-ahead optimization schedule; real-time optimization schedule | day-ahead optimization schedule; electric vehicle aggregator; Electric vehicles; real-time optimization schedule; vehicle-to-grid | Cost benefit analysis; Cost reduction; Electric vehicles; MATLAB; Operating costs; Power markets; Vehicle-to-grid; Auxiliary services; Comparative analysis; Coordinated charging; Optimization schedule; Probability mass function; Real-time optimization; Supply and demand balances; Vehicle to Grid (V2G); Electric power transmission networks | English | 2020 | 2020 | 10.1109/access.2020.3039507 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Optimization and Performance Evaluation of a Transducer for Bone Conduction Implants | We designed and implemented an electromagnetic transducer for implantable bone conduction hearing aids. The proposed transducer is smaller than previous bone conduction transducers for easy implantation and was designed using high permeability metals to produce large electromagnetic forces. In addition, the number of cantilever beams was changed from two to three to minimize distortion of the transducer, potentially due to twisting of the cantilever beam. The proposed transducer consists of a titanium cover with three screw holes, a metal ring, a circular plate, a vibrational membrane with a three-cantilever structure, a metal plate and cylinder, a permanent magnet, top and bottom coils, and a cylindrical titanium case. The transducer was optimally designed based on analysis of electromagnetic and mechanical vibrations, and the target resonance frequency was derived by controlling the variable elements of the vibrational membrane. The transducer was manufactured based on the results of finite element analysis, and the validity of the design was verified by comparing the results of vibration measurement experiments and a simulation. Finally, to evaluate the performance of the proposed transducer, the transducer was attached to the mastoid of participants and functional near-infrared spectroscopy was used to measure brain activation changes of the auditory cortex due to vibration stimulation. | Lee, Seung Hyun; Seong, Ki Woong; Lee, Kyu-Yup; Shin, Dong Ho | Korea Univ, Inst Global Hlth Technol, Coll Hlth Sci, Seoul 02841, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ Hosp, Dept Biomed Engn, Daegu 41944, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Med, Dept Otorhinolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Daegu 41944, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Inst Biomed Engn Res, Daegu 41944, South Korea | ; Lee, Doh Young/GLR-9586-2022 | 56029056500; 23968197900; 22135779500; 56693502600 | swap9552@naver.com; | IEEE ACCESS | IEEE ACCESS | 2169-3536 | 8 | SCIE | COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS;ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC;TELECOMMUNICATIONS | 2020 | 3.367 | 34.3 | 0.49 | 2025-06-25 | 6 | 8 | Transducers; Bones; Coils; Hearing aids; Vibrations; Metals; Permanent magnets; Implantable bone conduction hearing aid; electromagnetic transducer; finite element analysis; functional near-infrared spectroscopy | NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; HEARING; PLASTICITY; HISTORY; FNIRS; FMRI | electromagnetic transducer; finite element analysis; functional near-infrared spectroscopy; Implantable bone conduction hearing aid | Audition; Cantilever beams; Hearing aids; Infrared devices; Nanocantilevers; Near infrared spectroscopy; Permanent magnets; Plate metal; Plates (structural components); Vibration analysis; Bone conduction implants; Cantilever structures; Electromagnetic forces; Electromagnetic transducer; Functional near infrared spectroscopy; Measurement experiments; Optimization and performance; Resonance frequencies; Transducers | English | 2020 | 2020 | 10.1109/access.2020.2994323 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | |||
| ○ | ○ | Article | OS-Aware Interaction Model for the Verification of Multitasking Embedded Software | As the behavior of multitasking embedded software is dependent on the underlying operating system(s), rigorous and efficient verification in this domain requires models of operating systems (OS) that enable OS-aware verification of application programs at reduced cost. However, the heterogeneity of the languages used for OS models and of the program source code makes it difficult to compose these seemingly independent components and thus requires translation of one language into another, causing various issues in verification. To alleviate this problem, we propose a hybrid approach that composes formal OS models with application programs in an interaction model. Based on typical OS-application interaction behavior, our interaction model is a composition framework that connects an OS model to application programs as long as they share the same Application Program Interface (API). It provides seamless composition of two heterogeneous software artifacts by formulating source code annotations based on control-flow analysis and by synchronizing state transitions over API function calls to regulate the context switching of multitasking programs. A prototype implementation of the interaction model was applied to eight benchmark programs of the Erika OS and a control program with real-scale complexity from the automotive domain. It was shown that the framework supports systematic and effective verification of multitasking embedded software, which has not been possible using code-level model checking. | Choi, Yunja | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Comp Sci & Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea | 54972885300 | yuchoi76@knu.ac.kr; | IEEE ACCESS | IEEE ACCESS | 2169-3536 | 8 | SCIE | COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS;ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC;TELECOMMUNICATIONS | 2020 | 3.367 | 34.3 | 0.08 | 2025-06-25 | 1 | 1 | Task analysis; Embedded software; Multitasking; Automotive engineering; Kernel; Embedded software; multi-tasking; heterogeneous composition; model checking | COMPOSITIONAL VERIFICATION; FORMAL VERIFICATION; TIMED AUTOMATA; C PROGRAMS; FRAMEWORK; CHECKING | Embedded software; heterogeneous composition; model checking; multi-tasking | Application programming interfaces (API); Embedded software; Embedded systems; Model checking; Multitasking; Program translators; Application program interfaces; Composition frameworks; Control flow analysis; Heterogeneous software; Independent components; Interaction behavior; Program source codes; Prototype implementations; Application programs | English | 2020 | 2020 | 10.1109/access.2020.3011190 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Page Table Compaction for TLB Coalescing | In the traditional page-based memory management scheme, frequent page-table walks degrade performance and memory bandwidth utilization. A translation lookaside buffer (TLB) coalescing scheme reduces the problems by efficiently utilizing TLB and exploiting the contiguity in physical memory. In modern system hardware, it is usual that a memory transaction concurrently accesses multiple data. However, state-of-the-art TLB coalescing schemes do not fully utilize the data-level parallelism inherent in hardware. As a result, performance and memory bandwidth utilization can be degraded because of certain page-table walk overheads. To alleviate the overheads, we propose to conduct the compaction of allocated memory blocks (CAMB) in a page table. The proposed scheme can significantly reduce page-table walks by utilizing the data-level parallelism in hardware and the block-level allocation in operating system. A design, an analysis, a case study, an implementation, and an evaluation are presented. Considering image processing workloads as an example, experiments are conducted. The results indicate the presented scheme can improve performance and memory bandwidth utilization with modest cost. | Hur, Jae Young; Kong, Joonho | Vietnamese German Univ, Fac Engn, Binh Duong 75114, Vietnam; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea | Hur, Jae/N-3929-2016 | 55665391300; 25927220400 | jaeyoung.hur@gmail.com; | IEEE ACCESS | IEEE ACCESS | 2169-3536 | 8 | SCIE | COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS;ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC;TELECOMMUNICATIONS | 2020 | 3.367 | 34.3 | 0.08 | 2025-06-25 | 0 | 3 | Architecture; memory management; page table; performance; translation lookaside buffer | CONCURRENT | Architecture; memory management; page table; performance; translation lookaside buffer | Bandwidth; Compaction; Flocculation; Image processing; Data-level parallelism; Improve performance; Memory bandwidths; Memory management; Memory transactions; Physical memory; State of the art; Translation lookaside buffer; Buffer storage | English | 2020 | 2020 | 10.1109/access.2020.2999926 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | |||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Planar Four-Port Dual Circularly-Polarized MIMO Antenna for Sub-6 GHz Band | In this work, two configurations (Config.-A and Config.-B) of planar four-port dual circularly-polarized (CP) multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna are proposed for sub-6 GHz (3.4 & x2013;3.8 GHz) applications. The MIMO antennas are designed on the FR-4 substrate with size of $60\times 60\times 1.6$ mm(3). Each radiating element (unit cell) of the MIMO antenna is comprised of a microstrip feed line and an open slot ground plane integrated with two rectangular arms for realizing circular polarization. An I-shaped metallic strip is used in the proposed four-port MIMO Config.-A and Config.-B antennas for obtaining common voltage level in the ground plane. Both MIMO antenna configurations exhibit good impedance matching in the band of interest. In the MIMO Config.-A antenna, all ports provide the same CP band, while in the Config.-B antenna the ports-1/-2 and -3/-4 radiate at different CP bands. The proposed MIMO Config.-A and Config.-B antennas support both types of polarization (left-hand circular polarization (LHCP) and right-hand circular polarization (RHCP)). With the Config.-B antenna, the maximum 3-dB axial-ratio (AR) beamwidths of 118.9 & x00B0; and 92.7 & x00B0; are obtained at 3.536 GHz in the xz- and yz-planes, respectively. Furthermore, the I-shaped strip helps in improving 3-dB AR beamwidth in the MIMO Config.-B antenna. Inter-element isolation greater than 19 dB and envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) less than 0.12 (far-field) are achieved between the ports of the fabricated MIMO antenna prototype. | Saxena, Shobhit; Kanaujia, Binod Kumar; Dwari, Santanu; Kumar, Sachin; Choi, Hyun Chul; Kim, Kang Wook | IIT ISM, Dept Elect Engn, Dhanbad 826004, Bihar, India; Jawaharlal Nehru Univ, Sch Computat & Integrat Sci, New Delhi 110067, India; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea | Dwari, Santanu/NQF-2967-2025; Kanaujia, Binod/L-6484-2019; Kumar, Sachin/W-2211-2019; kanaujia, Binod/L-6484-2019; saxena, shobhit/AFQ-1762-2022 | 55971027000; 56962785800; 13205077400; 56907994000; 57193342681; 57204432422 | kang_kim@ee.knu.ac.kr; | IEEE ACCESS | IEEE ACCESS | 2169-3536 | 8 | SCIE | COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS;ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC;TELECOMMUNICATIONS | 2020 | 3.367 | 34.3 | 3.05 | 2025-06-25 | 44 | 60 | MIMO communication; Polarization; Mirrors; Substrates; Microstrip antennas; Broadband antennas; Connected ground; dual circular polarization; four-port; MIMO antenna; planar | DIVERSITY PERFORMANCE; SYSTEMS; INPUT; ARRAY | Connected ground; dual circular polarization; four-port; MIMO antenna; planar | Antenna feeders; Antenna grounds; Circular polarization; MIMO systems; Slot antennas; Dual circularly polarized; Envelope correlation coefficient; Left-hand circular polarizations; Metallic strips; Microstrip feedline; Multiple input multiple output antennas; Radiating elements; Right-hand circular polarizations; Microwave antennas | English | 2020 | 2020 | 10.1109/access.2020.2993897 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | |||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Real-Time Scheduling of Operational Time for Smart Home Appliances Based on Reinforcement Learning | The scheduling of the operational time of household appliances requires several parameters to be tuned according to the available energy supplied to a smart home. However, scheduling of operational time of multiple appliances in a smart home itself is the NP-hard problem and thus requires an intelligent, heuristic method to be solved in polynomial time. In this research work, we propose Real-time Scheduling of Operational Time of Household Appliances based on the well-known value iterative reinforcement learning called Quality learning (RSOTHA-QL). The proposed RSOTHA-QL scheme operates in two phases. In the first phase, the agents of the Q learning act by interacting with the smart home environment and obtain a reward. The reward value is further utilized to schedule the operational time of household appliances in the next state ensuring minimum energy consumption. In the second phase, the dissatisfaction arises due to scheduling of operational time of the household appliances of the home user is maintained by categorizing the household appliances into three groups: 1) deferrable, 2) non-deferrable, and 3) controllable. Besides, using the shared memory synchronization phenomenon, the agents attached to each appliance of the smart home become coordinated. The simulation and experiments are performed in a smart home scenario comprised of a single user and multiple appliances. As compared with our previous research work using the Least Slack Time (LST) scheduling algorithm and scheduling based on demand-response strategy, it is revealed that the operational time of the household appliances is efficiently scheduled to reduce the energy consumption and dissatisfaction level of the home users significantly. | Khan, Murad; Seo, Junho; Kim, Dongkyun | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Comp Sci & Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea | Khan, Turyalai/HPH-0061-2023 | 56151971600; 57208740581; 35753648800 | dongkyun@knu.ac.kr; | IEEE ACCESS | IEEE ACCESS | 2169-3536 | 8 | SCIE | COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS;ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC;TELECOMMUNICATIONS | 2020 | 3.367 | 34.3 | 1.32 | 2025-06-25 | 18 | 26 | Energy consumption; Q~learning; scheduling; smart home | DEMAND RESPONSE; ENERGY MANAGEMENT; HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES | Energy consumption; Q~learning; scheduling; smart home | Automation; Domestic appliances; Heuristic methods; Iterative methods; NP-hard; Polynomial approximation; Reinforcement learning; Scheduling; Available energy; Least slack time; Minimum energy consumption; Polynomial-time; Quality learning; Real - time scheduling; Shared memory; Single users; Energy utilization | English | 2020 | 2020 | 10.1109/access.2020.3004151 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | |||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Residual Forward-Subtracted U-Shaped Network for Dynamic and Static Image Restoration | Advanced image sensors with high resolution are now being developed for specially purposed electro-optical systems, with research focused on robust image quality performance in terms of super resolution and noise removal under various environmental conditions. Recently, machine-learning and deep-learning methods have been studied as the best practical techniques for restoration to improve the deteriorated image quality of sensors. However, these methods show limitations and side effects of image degradation such as image non-uniformity. In this paper, we analyze and randomly generate additive white Gaussian noise, non-uniform line noise, and dark saturation as representative image degradations. We then propose an advanced U-net model based on global and local residual learning in order to restore complexly deteriorated images. The proposed method shows unparalleled performance compared to alternative models and previous studies. In particular, various complex noise components are minimized and improved with equal quality so that variation between sequential images is minimized. These findings leverage mutual corroboration of quantitative and qualitative evaluation metrics. In the future, the proposed model is expected to contribute to a wide range of field applications such as defense, surveillance, and video media for image quality enhancement technologies. | Jung, Ho Min; Kim, Byeong Hak; Kim, Min Young | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Hanwha Syst Co, Dept Optron, Gumi 39376, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Res Ctr Neurosurg Robot Syst, Daegu 41566, South Korea | 57214102403; 56406686400; 56739349100 | minykim@knu.ac.kr; | IEEE ACCESS | IEEE ACCESS | 2169-3536 | 8 | SCIE | COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS;ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC;TELECOMMUNICATIONS | 2020 | 3.367 | 34.3 | 0.56 | 2025-06-25 | 3 | 9 | Image restoration; Task analysis; Machine learning algorithms; AWGN; Software algorithms; Noise reduction; Heuristic algorithms; Restoration; multi-type noises; image denoising; image enhancement; convolutional neural network; residual learning | convolutional neural network; image denoising; image enhancement; multi-type noises; residual learning; Restoration | Complex networks; Deep learning; Gaussian noise (electronic); Image enhancement; Image quality; Learning systems; Restoration; Security systems; White noise; Additive White Gaussian noise; Electro-optical systems; Environmental conditions; Field application; Image degradation; Image quality enhancements; Qualitative evaluations; Quality performance; Image reconstruction | English | 2020 | 2020 | 10.1109/access.2020.3011580 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | |||||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Sparse Representation-Based Denoising for High-Resolution Brain Activation and Functional Connectivity Modeling: A Task fMRI Study | In the field of neuroimaging and cognitive neuroscience, functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) has been widely used to study the functional localization and connectivity of the brain. However, the inherently low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the fMRI signals greatly limits the accuracy and resolution of current studies. In addressing this fundamental challenge in fMRI analytics, in this work we develop and implement a denoising method for task fMRI (tfMRI) data in order to delineate the high-resolution spatial pattern of the brain activation and functional connectivity via dictionary learning and sparse coding (DLSC). In addition to the traditional unsupervised dictionary learning model which has shown success in image denoising, we further utilize the prior knowledge of task paradigm to learn a dictionary consisting of both data-driven and model-driven terms for a more stable sparse representation of the data. The proposed method is applied to preprocess the motor tfMRI dataset from Human Connectome Project (HCP) for the purpose of brain activation detection and functional connectivity estimation. Comparison between the results from original and denoised fMRI data shows that the disruptive brain activation and functional connectivity patterns can be recovered, and the prominence of such patterns is improved through denoising. The proposed method is then compared with the temporal non-local means (tNLM)-based denoising method and shows consistently superior performance in various experimental settings. The promising results show that the proposed DLSC-based fMRI denoising method can effectively reduce the noise level of the fMRI signals and increase the interpretability of the inferred results, therefore constituting a crucial part of the preprocessing pipeline and provide the foundation for further high-resolution functional analysis. | Jeong, Seongah; Li, Xiang; Yang, Jiarui; Li, Quanzheng; Tarokh, Vahid | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Daegu 14566, South Korea; Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Radiol, Boston, MA 02114 USA; Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA 02114 USA; Boston Univ, Biomed Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA; Rhodes Informat Initiat Duke, Durham, NC 27708 USA | ; Jeong, Seongah/ABW-7285-2022; Li, Xiang/J-6924-2019; Yang, Jiarui/AEU-4187-2022; Jeong, Seongah/I-2863-2017 | 55210226900; 27168120000; 57195741545; 7405862484; 7005206764 | li.quanzheng@mgh.harvard.edu;vahid.tarokh@duke.edu; | IEEE ACCESS | IEEE ACCESS | 2169-3536 | 8 | SCIE | COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS;ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC;TELECOMMUNICATIONS | 2020 | 3.367 | 34.3 | 0.74 | 2025-06-25 | 8 | 10 | Task fMRI; fMRI denoising; dictionary learning and sparse coding | IDENTIFICATION; SIGNALS | dictionary learning and sparse coding; fMRI denoising; Task fMRI | Chemical activation; Image denoising; Learning systems; Magnetic resonance imaging; Signal systems; Signal to noise ratio; Cognitive neurosciences; De-noising; Functional connectivity; Functional connectivity patterns; Functional magnetic resonance imaging; Low signal-to-noise ratio; Sparse coding; Task fMRI; Functional neuroimaging | English | 2020 | 2020 | 10.1109/access.2020.2971261 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 |
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