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| WoS | SCOPUS | Document Type | Document Title | Abstract | Authors | Affiliation | ResearcherID (WoS) | AuthorsID (SCOPUS) | Author Email(s) | Journal Name | JCR Abbreviation | ISSN | eISSN | Volume | Issue | WoS Edition | WoS Category | JCR Year | IF | JCR (%) | FWCI | FWCI Update Date | WoS Citation | SCOPUS Citation | Keywords (WoS) | KeywordsPlus (WoS) | Keywords (SCOPUS) | KeywordsPlus (SCOPUS) | Language | Publication Stage | Publication Year | Publication Date | DOI | JCR Link | DOI Link | WOS Link | SCOPUS Link |
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| ○ | ○ | Article | Object-Cooperated Ternary Tree Partitioning Decision Method for Versatile Video Coding | In this paper, we propose an object-cooperated decision method for efficient ternary tree (TT) partitioning that reduces the encoding complexity of versatile video coding (VVC). In most previous studies, the VVC complexity was reduced using decision schemes based on the encoding context, which do not apply object detecion models. We assume that high-level objects are important for deciding whether complex TT partitioning is required because they can provide hints on the characteristics of a video. Herein, we apply an object detection model that discovers and extracts the high-level object features-the number and ratio of objects from frames in a video sequence. Using the extracted features, we propose machine learning (ML)-based classifiers for each TT-split direction to efficiently reduce the encoding complexity of VVC and decide whether the TT-split process can be skipped in the vertical or horizontal direction. The TT-split decision of classifiers is formulated as a binary classification problem. Experimental results show that the proposed method more effectively decreases the encoding complexity of VVC than a state-of-the-art model based on ML. | Lee, Sujin; Park, Sang-hyo; Jun, Dongsan | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Comp Sci & Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Dong A Univ, Dept Comp Engn, Busan 49315, South Korea | 57210888405; 55362514700; 36061894700 | s.park@knu.ac.kr;dsjun@dau.ac.kr; | SENSORS | SENSORS-BASEL | 1424-8220 | 22 | 17 | SCIE | CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL;ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC;INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION | 2022 | 3.9 | 29.4 | 0 | 2025-06-25 | 0 | 0 | ternary tree; versatile video coding; object detection; encoding complexity; machine learning | encoding complexity; machine learning; object detection; ternary tree; versatile video coding | Encoding (symbols); Forestry; Image coding; Machine learning; Object recognition; Signal encoding; Video signal processing; Coding complexity; Decision method; Detection models; Encoding complexity; Encodings; Machine-learning; Objects detection; Ternary tree; Tree partitioning; Versatile video coding; article; binary classification; classifier; machine learning; videorecording; Object detection | English | 2022 | 2022-09 | 10.3390/s22176328 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Performance Evaluation of MPTCP on Simultaneous Use of 5G and 4G Networks | The 5G cellular network comes with a promise to provide a very high data rate at low latency, which is becoming critical for advancing technologies. Mobile operators are currently deploying the 5G cellular network worldwide. However, because of limited coverage and high susceptibility of the 5G network to obstacles, handoffs from 5G to 4G and vice versa frequently occur, especially when the user equipment (UE) is moving. These handoffs often cause significant delays in data transmission due to packet losses and retransmissions. A promising solution can be to use both 4G and 5G networks simultaneously, which can solve this problem and yield a better throughput. Multipath transmission control protocol (TCP) is an effective solution for this problem, but it requires significant performance evaluation before practical deployment. In this study, we implement an MPTCP testbed based on NS3-DCE that enables to test the performance of MPTCP schedulers and congestion control algorithms (CCAs) in both 3GPP and non-3GPP networks. Through extensive simulation experiments in a scenario where a UE simultaneously utilizes both 4G and 5G networks, we found that blocking estimation (BLEST) scheduler implemented with balanced linked adaptation (BALIA) CCA can produce the highest throughput and lowest delay. Finally, we showed how received signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR), congestion window, throughput, and packet losses are interconnected. | Mahmud, Imtiaz; Lubna, Tabassum; Cho, You-Ze | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea | ; Mahmud, Imtiaz/R-1089-2019 | 56203487900; 57205303733; 7404469829 | yzcho@ee.knu.ac.kr; | SENSORS | SENSORS-BASEL | 1424-8220 | 22 | 19 | SCIE | CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL;ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC;INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION | 2022 | 3.9 | 29.4 | 0.85 | 2025-06-25 | 12 | 10 | multipath TCP; MPTCP; MPTCP schedulers; MPTCP congestion control algorithms; 4G; 5G | MULTIPATH TCP | 4G; 5G; MPTCP; MPTCP congestion control algorithms; MPTCP schedulers; multipath TCP | Algorithms; Computer Simulation; Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; Polymorphism, Genetic; Packet loss; Queueing networks; Scheduling; Signal to noise ratio; Transmission control protocol; Wireless networks; plasminogen activator inhibitor 1; 4g; 5g; Cellular network; Congestion control algorithm; Handoff; MPTCP; MPTCP congestion control algorithm; MPTCP scheduler; Multi-path transmission control protocols; Performances evaluation; algorithm; computer simulation; genetic polymorphism; genetics; 5G mobile communication systems | English | 2022 | 2022-10 | 10.3390/s22197509 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||
| ○ | ○ | Review | Perovskite Piezoelectric-Based Flexible Energy Harvesters for Self-Powered Implantable and Wearable IoT Devices | In the ongoing fourth industrial revolution, the internet of things (IoT) will play a crucial role in collecting and analyzing information related to human healthcare, public safety, environmental monitoring and home/industrial automation. Even though conventional batteries are widely used to operate IoT devices as a power source, these batteries have a drawback of limited capacity, which impedes broad commercialization of the IoT. In this regard, piezoelectric energy harvesting technology has attracted a great deal of attention because piezoelectric materials can convert electricity from mechanical and vibrational movements in the ambient environment. In particular, piezoelectric-based flexible energy harvesters can precisely harvest tiny mechanical movements of muscles and internal organs from the human body to produce electricity. These inherent properties of flexible piezoelectric harvesters make it possible to eliminate conventional batteries for lifetime extension of implantable and wearable IoTs. This paper describes the progress of piezoelectric perovskite material-based flexible energy harvesters for self-powered IoT devices for biomedical/wearable electronics over the last decade. | Pattipaka, Srinivas; Bae, Young Min; Jeong, Chang Kyu; Park, Kwi-Il; Hwang, Geon-Tae | Pukyong Natl Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 45 Yongso ro, Busan 48513, South Korea; Jeonbuk Natl Univ, Div Adv Mat Engn, Jeonju 54896, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea | ; Pattipaka, Srinivas/P-2993-2019; Park, Kwiil/LKN-9445-2024; Jeong, Chang Kyu/ADT-8127-2022 | 57189258366; 58000755400; 55961876600; 35280874200; 36704574900 | gthwang@pknu.ac.kr; | SENSORS | SENSORS-BASEL | 1424-8220 | 22 | 23 | SCIE | CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL;ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC;INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION | 2022 | 3.9 | 29.4 | 0.37 | 2025-06-25 | 7 | 11 | piezoelectric conversion; energy harvesting; nanogenerator; perovskite piezoelectric composite and thin film; lifetime extension; wireless sensor nodes; self-powered devices | THIN-FILM NANOGENERATOR; LEAD-FREE; TRIBOELECTRIC NANOGENERATOR; MECHANICAL ENERGY; NANOCOMPOSITE GENERATOR; LARGE-AREA; NANOPARTICLES; TRANSPARENT; CONVERSION; NANOWIRES | energy harvesting; lifetime extension; nanogenerator; perovskite piezoelectric composite and thin film; piezoelectric conversion; self-powered devices; wireless sensor nodes | Calcium Compounds; Humans; Internet of Things; Oxides; Prostheses and Implants; Accident prevention; Flexible electronics; Nanogenerators; Perovskite; Perovskite solar cells; Piezoelectricity; Sensor nodes; Vibrations (mechanical); Wearable sensors; calcium derivative; oxide; perovskite; Lifetime extension; Nanogenerators; Perovskite piezoelectric composite and thin film; Perovskite piezoelectrics; Piezoelectric composite; Piezoelectric conversion; Powered devices; Self-powered; Self-powered device; Thin-films; Wireless sensor node; human; prostheses and orthoses; Internet of things | English | 2022 | 2022-12 | 10.3390/s22239506 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Probabilistic 3D Reconstruction Using Two Sonar Devices | Three-dimensional reconstruction is a crucial technique for mapping and object-search tasks, but it is challenging in sonar imaging because of the nature of acoustics. In underwater sensing, many advanced studies have introduced approaches that have included feature-based methods and multiple imaging at different locations. However, most existing methods are prone to environmental conditions, and they are not adequate for continuous data acquisition on moving autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). This paper proposes a sensor fusion method for 3D reconstruction using acoustic sonar data with two sonar devices that provide complementary features. The forward-looking multibeam sonar (FLS) is an imaging sonar capable of short-range scanning with a high horizontal resolution, and the profiling sonar (PS) is capable of middle-range scanning with high reliability in vertical information. Using both sonars, which have different data acquisition planes and times, we propose a probabilistic sensor fusion method. First, we extract the region of interest from the background and develop a sonar measurement model. Thereafter, we utilize the likelihood field generated by the PS and estimate the elevation ambiguity using importance sampling. We also present the evaluation of our method in a ray-tracing-based sonar simulation environment and the generation of the pointclouds. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method can provide a better accuracy than that of the conventional method. Because of the improved accuracy of the generated pointclouds, this method can be expanded for pointcloud-based mapping and classification methods. | Joe, Hangil; Kim, Jason; Yu, Son-Cheol | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Robot & Smart Syst Engn, 80 Daehak Ro, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Convergence IT Engn, 77 Cheongam Ro, Pohang 37673, South Korea | ; Joe, Hangil/LOR-9635-2024 | 55848385500; 59086663600; 8712522100 | hgjoe@knu.ac.kr;js21kim@postech.ac.kr;sncyu@postech.ac.kr; | SENSORS | SENSORS-BASEL | 1424-8220 | 22 | 6 | SCIE | CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL;ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC;INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION | 2022 | 3.9 | 29.4 | 1.2 | 2025-06-25 | 7 | 14 | sonar data processing; 3D reconstruction; sensor fusion; forward-looking sonar; profiling sonar; underwater sensing; acoustic images; sonars | 3D reconstruction; Acoustic images; Forward-looking sonar; Profiling sonar; Sensor fusion; Sonar data processing; Sonars; Underwater sensing | Autonomous underwater vehicles; Data acquisition; Data handling; Image reconstruction; Image segmentation; Importance sampling; Mapping; Sensor data fusion; Underwater imaging; 3D reconstruction; Forward looking sonars; Fusion methods; Point-clouds; Probabilistics; Profiling sonar; Sensor fusion; Sonar data; Sonar data processing; Underwater sensing; Sonar | English | 2022 | 2022-03 | 10.3390/s22062094 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | |||
| ○ | ○ | Article | PUFTAP-IoT: PUF-Based Three-Factor Authentication Protocol in IoT Environment Focused on Sensing Devices | In IoT-based environments, smart services can be provided to users under various environments, such as smart homes, smart factories, smart cities, smart transportation, and healthcare, by utilizing sensing devices. Nevertheless, a series of security problems may arise because of the nature of the wireless channel in the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) for utilizing IoT services. Authentication and key agreements are essential elements for providing secure services in WSNs. Accordingly, two-factor and three-factor-based authentication protocol research is being actively conducted. However, IoT service users can be vulnerable to ID/password pair guessing attacks by setting easy-to-remember identities and passwords. In addition, sensors and sensing devices deployed in IoT environments are vulnerable to capture attacks. To address this issue, in this paper, we analyze the protocols of Chunka et al., Amintoosi et al., and Hajian et al. and describe their security vulnerabilities. Moreover, this paper introduces PUF and honey list techniques with three-factor authentication to design protocols resistant to ID/password pair guessing, brute-force, and capture attacks. Accordingly, we introduce PUFTAP-IoT, which can provide secure services in the IoT environment. To prove the security of PUFTAP-IoT, we perform formal analyses through Burrows Abadi Needham (BAN) logic, Real-Or-Random (ROR) model, and scyther simulation tools. In addition, we demonstrate the efficiency of the protocol compared with other authentication protocols in terms of security, computational cost, and communication cost, showing that it can provide secure services in IoT environments. | Lee, JoonYoung; Oh, JiHyeon; Kwon, DeokKyu; Kim, MyeongHyun; Yu, SungJin; Jho, Nam-Su; Park, Youngho | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Elect & Telecommun Res Inst, Daejeon 34129, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea | 57203970123; 57222066296; 57221739597; 57210278739; 57203974524; 8976178000; 56962990300 | parkyh@knu.ac.kr; | SENSORS | SENSORS-BASEL | 1424-8220 | 22 | 18 | SCIE | CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL;ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC;INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION | 2022 | 3.9 | 29.4 | 2.13 | 2025-06-25 | 17 | 25 | IoT; WSN; PUF; biometrics; honey list; authentication; BAN logic; ROR model; scyther | WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS; 2-FACTOR USER AUTHENTICATION; KEY AGREEMENT SCHEME; INTERNET; SECURE; THINGS; SYSTEMS | authentication; BAN logic; biometrics; honey list; IoT; PUF; ROR model; scyther; WSN | Communication; Computer Communication Networks; Computer Security; Computer Simulation; Automation; Computation theory; Computer circuits; Cryptography; Food products; Intelligent buildings; Internet of things; Network security; Wireless sensor networks; Authentication protocols; Burrow abadi needham logic; Honey list; IoT; PUF; Random Model; Real-or-random model; Scyther; Secure services; Sensing devices; computer network; computer security; computer simulation; interpersonal communication; Authentication | English | 2022 | 2022-09 | 10.3390/s22187075 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | |||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Rapid Post-Earthquake Structural Damage Assessment Using Convolutional Neural Networks and Transfer Learning | The adoption of artificial intelligence in post-earthquake inspections and reconnaissance has received considerable attention in recent years, owing to its exponential increase in computation capabilities and inherent potential in addressing disadvantages associated with manual inspections. Herein, we present the effectiveness of automated deep learning in enhancing the assessment of damage caused by the 2017 Pohang earthquake. Six classical pre-trained convolutional neural network (CNN) models are implemented through transfer learning (TL) on a small dataset, comprising 1780 manually labeled images of structural damage. Feature extraction and fine-tuning TL methods are trained on the image datasets. The performances of various CNN models are compared on a testing image dataset. Results confirm that the MobileNet fine-tuned model offers the best performance. Therefore, the model is further developed as a web-based application for classifying earthquake damage. The severity of damage is quantified by assigning damage assessment values, derived using the CNN model and gradient-weighted class activation mapping. The web-based application can effectively and automatically classify structural damage resulting from earthquakes, rendering it suitable for decision making, such as in resource allocation, policy development, and emergency response. | Ogunjinmi, Peter Damilola; Park, Sung-Sik; Kim, Bubryur; Lee, Dong-Eun | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Architecture Civil Energy & Environm Engn, 80 Daehakro, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Civil Engn, 80 Daehakro, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Robot & Smart Syst Engn, 80 Daehakro, Daegu 41566, South Korea | Ogunjinmi, Peter/IWL-9239-2023 | 57217171969; 36241850300; 57198355299; 56605563300 | peterogunjinmi@knu.ac.kr;sungpark@knu.ac.kr;brkim@knu.ac.kr;dolee@knu.ac.kr; | SENSORS | SENSORS-BASEL | 1424-8220 | 22 | 9 | SCIE | CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL;ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC;INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION | 2022 | 3.9 | 29.4 | 2.9 | 2025-06-25 | 31 | 34 | transfer learning; convolutional neural network; earthquake; image classification; damage detection | CRACK DETECTION; COMPUTER VISION; INSPECTION | convolutional neural network; damage detection; earthquake, image classification; transfer learning | Artificial Intelligence; Earthquakes; Machine Learning; Neural Networks, Computer; Convolution; Convolutional neural networks; Damage detection; Decision making; Deep learning; Earthquakes; Statistical tests; Structural analysis; Web services; Websites; Convolutional neural network; Earthquake, image classification; Image datasets; Images classification; Neural network model; Performance; Structural damage assessments; Structural damages; Transfer learning; Web-based applications; artificial intelligence; earthquake; machine learning; Image classification | English | 2022 | 2022-05 | 10.3390/s22093471 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Runtime ML-DL Hybrid Inference Platform Based on Multiplexing Adaptive Space-Time Resolution for Fast Car Incident Prevention in Low-Power Embedded Systems | Forward vehicle detection is the key technique to preventing car incidents in front. Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques are used to more accurately detect vehicles, but AI-based vehicle detection takes a lot of processing time due to its high computational complexity. When there is a risk of collision with a vehicle in front, the slow detection speed of the vehicle may lead to an accident. To quickly detect a vehicle in real-time, a high-speed and lightweight vehicle detection technique with similar detection performance to that of an existing AI-based vehicle detection is required. In addition, to apply forward collision warning system (FCWS) technology to vehicles, it is important to provide high performance based on low-power embedded systems because the vehicle's battery consumption must remain low. The vehicle detection algorithm occupies the most resources in FCWS. To reduce power consumption, it is important to reduce the computational complexity of an algorithm, that is, the amount of resources required to run it. This paper describes a method for fast, accurate forward vehicle detection using machine learning and deep learning. To detect a vehicle in consecutive images consistently, a Kalman filter is used to predict the bounding box based on the tracking algorithm and correct it based on the detection algorithm. As a result, its vehicle detection speed is about 25.85 times faster than deep-learning-based object detection is, and its detection accuracy is better than machine-learning-based object detection is. | Hong, Sunghoon; Park, Daejin | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea | 55726350900; 55463943600 | hopsison@knu.ac.kr;boltanut@knu.ac.kr; | SENSORS | SENSORS-BASEL | 1424-8220 | 22 | 8 | SCIE | CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL;ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC;INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION | 2022 | 3.9 | 29.4 | 0.26 | 2025-06-25 | 2 | 3 | deep learning; forward collision warning system; lightweight object detection; machine learning; vision processing | deep learning; forward collision warning system; lightweight object detection; machine learning; vision processing | Algorithms; Artificial Intelligence; Automobile Driving; Automobiles; Machine Learning; Accidents; Autonomous vehicles; Chemical detection; Computational complexity; Computer vision; Deep learning; Embedded systems; Object recognition; Signal detection; Vehicle performance; Deep learning; Detection algorithm; Detection speed; Forward collision warning system; Forward vehicle detections; Lightweight object detection; Low power embedded systems; Runtimes; Vehicles detection; Vision processing; algorithm; artificial intelligence; car; car driving; machine learning; Object detection | English | 2022 | 2022-04 | 10.3390/s22082998 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Secured and Deterministic Closed-Loop IoT System Architecture for Sensor and Actuator Networks | Sensors, actuators, and wireless communication technologies have developed significantly. Consequently, closed-loop systems that can be monitored and controlled by devices in IoT environments, such as farms and factories, have emerged. Such systems are realized by means of cloud-level and edge-level implementations. Among them, with a model that generates real-time control decisions at the cloud level, it might be difficult to ensure the determinism of real-time control due to communication overheads. In addition, if the actuator is remotely controlled at the cloud level, it is difficult to secure control safety against external hacking or device malfunction. Herein, we propose a system architecture that can fulfil real-time performance and safety requirements with two commonly used devices, Field Edge Unit (FEU) and Current Sensing Tag (CST), in a closed-loop IoT environment. By using these devices, we designed a special architecture that can be commonly used in various closed-loop sensing and actuating applications. In this study, the proposed architecture is evaluated by applying it to a smart farm application. | Kim, Hyeon-Su; Park, Yu-Jin; Kang, Soon-Ju | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Coll IT Engn, 80 Daehakro, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr Self Organizing Software, 80 Daehakro, Daegu 41566, South Korea | 57696269900; 55494454700; 55666313900 | beeeaaar@knu.ac.kr;ilbsyjp@knu.ac.kr;sjkang@ee.knu.ac.kr; | SENSORS | SENSORS-BASEL | 1424-8220 | 22 | 10 | SCIE | CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL;ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC;INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION | 2022 | 3.9 | 29.4 | 0.26 | 2025-06-25 | 3 | 3 | closed-loop; IoT environment; sensor-actuator network | closed-loop; IoT environment; sensor-actuator network | Actuators; Closed loop control systems; Computer architecture; Network architecture; Personal computing; Real time control; Actuator networks; Closed-loop; Deterministics; IoT environment; Real-time control; Sensor actuator networks; Sensor/actuator; Sensors and actuators; Sensors network; Systems architecture; Internet of things | English | 2022 | 2022-05 | 10.3390/s22103843 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Selection of a Potting Material and Method for Broadband Underwater Cymbal Arrays | Cymbal transducers are often used in arrays for underwater communication and detection systems. The working environment of a cymbal array is underwater; therefore, waterproofing, salt-corrosion prevention, and impact resistance are necessary for stable operation of the array. Hence, we simulated potting a cymbal array with 15 different rubber and epoxy materials available in the market, using the finite element method, and analyzed their effect on the transmitting voltage response spectrum of the array. From the analysis results, we selected the material that would achieve the widest frequency bandwidth, while preserving the structural stability of the array. A potting method corresponding to the selected material was suggested as well. This study provides guidelines for the selection of a potting material for use in underwater transducer arrays. | Wang, Wenbo; Shim, Hayeong; Roh, Yongrae | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea | wang, wenbo/HCI-6603-2022 | 57959379100; 57202806954; 7102361870 | yryong@knu.ac.kr; | SENSORS | SENSORS-BASEL | 1424-8220 | 22 | 21 | SCIE | CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL;ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC;INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION | 2022 | 3.9 | 29.4 | 0 | 2025-06-25 | 0 | 0 | cymbal array; potting material; potting methods; finite element method | TRANSDUCER | cymbal array; finite element method; potting material; potting methods | Corrosion prevention; Corrosion resistance; Stability; Transducers; Cymbal array; Cymbal transducer; Detection system; Potting materials; Potting method; Salt corrosion; Stable operation; Underwater communication system; Underwater detection; Working environment; Finite element method | English | 2022 | 2022-11 | 10.3390/s22218324 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Smart Roads for Autonomous Accident Detection and Warnings | An increasing number of vehicles on the roads increases the risk of accidents. In bad weather (e.g., heavy rainfall, strong winds, storms, and fog), this risk almost doubles due to bad visibility as well as road conditions. If an accident happens, especially in bad weather, it is important to inform approaching vehicles about it. Otherwise, there might be another accident, i.e., a multiple-vehicle collision (MVC). If the Emergency Operations Center (EOC) is not informed in a timely fashion about the incident, fatalities might increase because they do not receive immediate first aid. Detecting humans or animals would undoubtedly provide us with a better answer for reducing human fatalities in traffic accidents. In this research, an accident alert light and sound (AALS) system is proposed for auto accident detection and alerts with all types of vehicles. No changes are required in non-equipped vehicles (nEVs) and EVs because the system is installed on the roadside. The idea behind this research is to make smart roads (SRs) instead of equipping each vehicle with a separate system. Wireless communication is needed only when an accident is detected. This study is based on different sensors that are used to build SRs to detect accidents. Pre-saved locations are used to reduce the time needed to find the accident's location without the help of a global positioning system (GPS). Additionally, the proposed framework for the AALS also reduces the risk of MVCs. | Mateen, Abdul; Hanif, Muhammad Zahid; Khatri, Narayan; Lee, Sihyung; Nam, Seung Yeob | Yeungnam Univ, Informat & Commun Engn Dept, Gyongsan 38541, South Korea; Fed Urdu Univ Arts Sci & Technol, Dept Comp Sci, Sensors-1609155, Islamabad 45570, Pakistan; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Comp Sci & Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea | ; Khatri, Narayan/AAT-9029-2020; Nam, Seung/Q-7486-2019 | 58024251000; 57480160700; 57222726965; 15623380100; 7402276352 | abdulmateen@fuuastisb.edu.pk;muhammadzahidhanif1983@gmail.com;narayankhatrig@ynu.ac.kr;sihyunglee@knmac.kr;synam@ynu.ac.kr; | SENSORS | SENSORS-BASEL | 1424-8220 | 22 | 6 | SCIE | CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL;ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC;INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION | 2022 | 3.9 | 29.4 | 2.22 | 2025-06-25 | 15 | 26 | vehicle; road; accident; autonomous; smart road | RESOURCE-ALLOCATION; SYSTEM; CNVPS | Accident; Autonomous; Road; Smart road; Vehicle | Accidents, Traffic; First Aid; Geographic Information Systems; Weather; Autonomous vehicles; Global positioning system; Roads and streets; Accident detections; Accident warning; Autonomous; Heavy rainfall; Number of vehicles; Risk of accidents; Smart road; Strong winds; Visibility conditions; Wind storms; first aid; geographic information system; prevention and control; traffic accident; weather; Accidents | English | 2022 | 2022-03 | 10.3390/s22062077 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Spherical-Cap Approximation of Vector Quantization for Quantization-Based Combining in MIMO Broadcast Channels with Limited Feedback | The spherical-cap approximation of vector quantization (SCVQ) is an analytical model used for the mathematical analysis of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems with limited feedback. SCVQ closely emulates the distribution of the quantization error induced by the finite-rate quantization of a channel using a simple and analytically tractable approach. However, the conventional SCVQ model is not applicable when antenna-combining schemes such as quantization-based combining (QBC) are considered. Because QBC is an effective antenna-combining method that minimizes channel quantization errors, it can be adopted for various practical MIMO broadcast systems. Nevertheless, evaluating the performance of QBC-based MIMO systems with an explicit codebook can be extremely difficult, depending on the system complexity. To resolve this, this study generalizes the conventional SCVQ to be compatible with the QBC. The proposed generalized version of the SCVQ effectively emulates the quantization error obtained using QBC, while enabling a simple simulation independent of the number of feedback bits and mathematically tractable analysis. We validate the effectiveness of the proposed model by presenting a wireless communication application based on a dense cellular network. | Min, Moonsik; Kim, Tae-Kyoung | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Gachon Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Seongnam 13120, South Korea | 55386299100; 57216708769 | msmin@knu.ac.kr;tk415kim@gmail.com; | SENSORS | SENSORS-BASEL | 1424-8220 | 22 | 14 | SCIE | CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL;ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC;INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION | 2022 | 3.9 | 29.4 | 0 | 2025-06-25 | 0 | 0 | multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO); channel state information; vector quantization; limited feedback; quantization-based combining | INTERFERENCE | channel state information; limited feedback; multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO); quantization-based combining; vector quantization | Algorithms; Computer Simulation; Feedback; Antennas; Codes (symbols); Errors; Feedback control; MIMO systems; Telecommunication repeaters; Vector quantization; Channel-state information; Limited feedback; Multiple inputs; Multiple outputs; Multiple-input multiple-output; Quantisation; Quantization errors; Quantization-based combining; Spherical caps; Vector quantisation; algorithm; computer simulation; feedback system; Channel state information | English | 2022 | 2022-07 | 10.3390/s22145146 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | |||
| ○ | ○ | Article | SSA with CWT and k-Means for Eye-Blink Artifact Removal from Single-Channel EEG Signals | Recently, the use of portable electroencephalogram (EEG) devices to record brain signals in both health care monitoring and in other applications, such as fatigue detection in drivers, has been increased due to its low cost and ease of use. However, the measured EEG signals always mix with the electrooculogram (EOG), which are results due to eyelid blinking or eye movements. The eye-blinking/movement is an uncontrollable activity that results in a high-amplitude slow-time varying component that is mixed in the measured EEG signal. The presence of these artifacts misled our understanding of the underlying brain state. As the portable EEG devices comprise few EEG channels or sometimes a single EEG channel, classical artifact removal techniques such as blind source separation methods cannot be used to remove these artifacts from a single-channel EEG signal. Hence, there is a demand for the development of new single-channel-based artifact removal techniques. Singular spectrum analysis (SSA) has been widely used as a single-channel-based eye-blink artifact removal technique. However, while removing the artifact, the low-frequency components from the non-artifact region of the EEG signal are also removed by SSA. To preserve these low-frequency components, in this paper, we have proposed a new methodology by integrating the SSA with continuous wavelet transform (CWT) and the k-means clustering algorithm that removes the eye-blink artifact from the single-channel EEG signals without altering the low frequencies of the EEG signal. The proposed method is evaluated on both synthetic and real EEG signals. The results also show the superiority of the proposed method over the existing methods. | Maddirala, Ajay Kumar; Veluvolu, Kalyana C. | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Coll IT Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea | Veluvolu, Kalyana/C-6366-2011; Maddirala, Ajay Kumar/AAZ-6379-2020; Veluvolu, Kalyana Chakravarthy/C-6366-2011 | 56638638000; 8703318200 | maddirala@knu.ac.kr;veluvolu@ee.knu.ac.kr; | SENSORS | SENSORS-BASEL | 1424-8220 | 22 | 3 | SCIE | CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL;ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC;INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION | 2022 | 3.9 | 29.4 | 2.31 | 2025-06-25 | 20 | 28 | electroencephalogram (EEG); electrooculogram (EOG); singular spectrum analysis (SSA); continuous wavelet transform (CWT); k-means clustering | OCULAR ARTIFACTS; EOG ARTIFACTS; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM; COMPONENTS; SYSTEM; DWT | Continuous wavelet transform (CWT); Electroencephalogram (EEG); Electrooculogram (EOG); K-means clustering; Singular spectrum analysis (SSA) | Algorithms; Blinking; Electroencephalography; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; Spectrum Analysis; Wavelet Analysis; Blind source separation; Eye movements; K-means clustering; Spectrum analysis; Wavelet transforms; Continuous wavelet transform; Electro-oculogram; Electroencephalogram; Electroencephalogram signals; Electrooculogram; K-means++ clustering; Single channels; Singular spectrum analyse; Singular spectrum analysis; algorithm; blinking; electroencephalography; signal processing; spectroscopy; wavelet analysis; Electroencephalography | English | 2022 | 2022-02 | 10.3390/s22030931 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Synthesis of palmitoleic acid-enriched triacylglycerol via a two-step enzyme reaction | Palmitoleic acid (POA) is known to have various biological activities in animal models. POA-enriched triacylglycerol (TAG) was successfully synthesized using a two-step enzyme reaction. First, the POA-enriched fatty acid obtained from macadamia nut oil by Candida rugosa lipase-catalyzed selective hydrolysis was employed as a substrate for the synthesis of POA-enriched TAG. Two parameters such as temperature and enzyme loading, were optimized to enrich POA by the selective hydrolysis. For the TAG synthesis, liquid Eversa lipase was immobilized in house on Lewatit VP OC 1600 as a carrier and the protein content in the carrier was 130 mg/ g carrier. The degree of synthesis of POA-enriched TAG using Eversa immobilized lipase prepared in house was investigated in comparison to three commercial lipases and Eversa immobilized lipase demonstrated a superior activity in TAG conversion. The effects of temperature, enzyme loading, and vacuum on the synthesis of POA-enriched TAG using the Eversa immobilized lipase were investigated. The optimum conditions were a temperature of 60 degrees C, an enzyme loading of 12.5 %, and a vacuum of 100 torr. The maximum TAG conversion was ca. 89 % after 12 h under the optimum conditions. | Oh, Dongchan; No, Da Som; Yoon, Sung Won; Kim, Yangha; Kim, Hak-Ryul; Kim, In-Hwan | Korea Univ, Grad Sch, Dept Integrated Biomed & Life Sci, Seoul 02841, South Korea; Rutgers State Univ, Sch Environm & Biol Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08902 USA; Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Nutr Sci & Food Management, Seoul 03760, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Food Sci & Biotechnol, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Korea Univ, Grad Sch, Dept Integrated Biomed & Life Sci, 145 Anam-Ro, Seoul, South Korea; Korea Univ, BK21FOUR R&E Ctr Learning Hlth Syst, Seoul, South Korea | 59065439000; 55541214000; 55780418300; 8524160300; 57191717289; 47161438300 | k610in@korea.ac.kr; | PROCESS BIOCHEMISTRY | PROCESS BIOCHEM | 1359-5113 | 1873-3298 | 113 | SCIE | BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY;BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY;ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL | 2022 | 4.4 | 29.4 | 0.72 | 2025-06-25 | 10 | 8 | Candida rugosa lipase; Esterification; Eversa lipase; Macadamia nut oil; Palmitoleic acid (POA); Selective hydrolysis; Triacylglycerol (TAG) | CANDIDA-ANTARCTICA LIPASE; POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID; RICH TRIACYLGLYCEROL; STEARIDONIC ACID; PINOLENIC ACID; TUNA OIL; HYDROLYSIS; ESTERIFICATION; TRIGLYCERIDES | Candida rugosa lipase; Esterification; Eversa lipase; Macadamia nut oil; Palmitoleic acid (POA); Selective hydrolysis; Triacylglycerol (TAG) | Biosynthesis; Candida; Esterification; Fatty acids; Glycerol; Hydrolysis; Loading; Temperature; Yeast; Candida rugosa lipase; Enzyme loading; Eversum lipase; Immobilized lipase; Macadamia nut oil; Palmitoleic acid; Selective hydrolysis; Triacylglycerol; Triacylglycerols; Lipases | English | 2022 | 2022-02 | 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.01.007 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | |||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Synthesis of Vapochromic Dyes Having Sensing Properties for Vapor Phase of Organic Solvents Used in Semiconductor Manufacturing Processes and Their Application to Textile-Based Sensors | Two vapochromic dyes (DMx and DM) were synthesized to be used for textile-based sensors detecting the vapor phase of organic solvents. They were designed to show sensitive color change properties at a low concentration of vapors at room temperature. They were applied to cotton fabrics as a substrate of the textile-based sensors to examine their sensing properties for nine organic solvents frequently used in semiconductor manufacturing processes, such as trichloroethylene, dimethylacetamide, iso-propanol, methanol, n-hexane, ethylacetate, benzene, acetone, and hexamethyldisilazane. The textile sensor exhibited strong sensing properties of polar solvents rather than non-polar solvents. In particular, the detection of dimethylacetamide was the best, showing a color difference of 15.9 for DMx and 26.2 for DM under 300 ppm exposure. Even at the low concentration of 10 ppm of dimethylacetamide, the color change values reached 7.7 and 13.6, respectively, in an hour. The maximum absorption wavelength of the textile sensor was shifted from 580 nm to 550 nm for DMx and 550 nm to 540 nm for DM, respectively, due to dimethylacetamide exposure. The sensing mechanism was considered to depend on solvatochromism, the aggregational properties of the dyes and the adsorption amounts of the solvent vapors on the textile substrates to which the dyes were applied. Finally, the reusability of the textile sensor was tested for 10 cycles. | Lee, Junheon; Kim, Duyoung; Kim, Taekyeong | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Coll Engn, Dept Text Syst Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea | 57195904688; 57741270300; 24587275700 | leon1013@hanmail.net;endud0609@naver.com;taekyeong@knu.ac.kr; | SENSORS | SENSORS-BASEL | 1424-8220 | 22 | 12 | SCIE | CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL;ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC;INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION | 2022 | 3.9 | 29.4 | 0.43 | 2025-06-25 | 5 | 5 | semiconductor; textile sensor; solvatochromism; vapochromism; dye | CHEMOSENSORS; EXPOSURE; FABRICATION; COMPLEXES; COLOR; ACID | dye; semiconductor; solvatochromism; textile sensor; vapochromism | Acetone; Color; Colorimetry; Hexane; Reusability; Substrates; Textiles; Color changes; Dimethylacetamide; Semiconductor manufacturing process; Sensing property; Solvatochromisms; Textile sensors; Vapochromism; Vapor Phase; Vapor phasis; Vapour-phase; Organic solvents | English | 2022 | 2022-06 | 10.3390/s22124487 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | |||
| ○ | ○ | Article | TA-Unet: Integrating Triplet Attention Module for Drivable Road Region Segmentation | Road segmentation has been one of the leading research areas in the realm of autonomous driving cars due to the possible benefits autonomous vehicles can offer. Significant reduction of crashes, greater independence for the people with disabilities, and reduced traffic congestion on the roads are some of the vivid examples of them. Considering the importance of self-driving cars, it is vital to develop models that can accurately segment drivable regions of roads. The recent advances in the area of deep learning have presented effective methods and techniques to tackle road segmentation tasks effectively. However, the results of most of them are not satisfactory for implementing them into practice. To tackle this issue, in this paper, we propose a novel model, dubbed as TA-Unet, that is able to produce quality drivable road region segmentation maps. The proposed model incorporates a triplet attention module into the encoding stage of the U-Net network to compute attention weights through the triplet branch structure. Additionally, to overcome the class-imbalance problem, we experiment on different loss functions, and confirm that using a mixed loss function leads to a boost in performance. To validate the performance and efficiency of the proposed method, we adopt the publicly available UAS dataset, and compare its results to the framework of the dataset and also to four state-of-the-art segmentation models. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed TA-Unet outperforms baseline methods both in terms of pixel accuracy and mIoU, with 98.74% and 97.41%, respectively. Finally, the proposed method yields clearer segmentation maps on different sample sets compared to other baseline methods. | Li, Sijia; Sultonov, Furkat; Ye, Qingshan; Bai, Yong; Park, Jun-Hyun; Yang, Chilsig; Song, Minseok; Koo, Sungwoo; Kang, Jae-Mo | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Artificial Intelligence, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Hainan Univ, Dept Informat & Commun Engn, Haikou 570100, Hainan, Peoples R China; METROTECH Co Ltd, Yeonam Bldg,6,Yeongdong Daero 118 Gil, Seoul 06089, South Korea | Park, Jun-Hyun/CAG-5910-2022; SULTONOV, FURKAT/NFS-3340-2025 | 57836380100; 57455045300; 57734086400; 55206083400; 57455816200; 57734369100; 57734559300; 57734275600; 56024930400 | lisijia@knu.ac.kr;furkatsultonov@knu.ac.kr;sam970520@163.com;bai@hainanu.edu.cn;wnsgus126@knu.ac.kr;csyang@wjis.co.kr;sms@wjis.co.kr;swkoo91@wjis.co.kr;jmkang@knu.ac.kr; | SENSORS | SENSORS-BASEL | 1424-8220 | 22 | 12 | SCIE | CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL;ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC;INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION | 2022 | 3.9 | 29.4 | 0.17 | 2025-06-25 | 3 | 2 | U-Net; triplet attention module; TA-Unet; road feasible domain segmentation | road feasible domain segmentation; TA-Unet; triplet attention module; U-Net | Attention; Automobile Driving; Automobiles; Autonomous Vehicles; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Spectrum Analysis, Raman; Deep learning; Roads and streets; Traffic congestion; Baseline methods; Loss functions; Performance; Region segmentation; Road feasible domain segmentation; Road segmentation; Segmentation map; TA-unet; Triplet attention module; U-net; attention; car; car driving; human; image processing; Raman spectrometry; Autonomous vehicles | English | 2022 | 2022-06 | 10.3390/s22124438 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 |
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